江西省華大新高考聯(lián)盟2025屆高三下學(xué)期名校高考預(yù)測(cè)卷（三模）英語試題第一部分聽力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AOnMarch22,2025,millionsofpeopleworldwidecelebratedEarthHour.Theannualeventencouragedindividualsandbusinessestoturnofftheirlightsforonehour,from8:30to9:30p.m.localtime.Thissymbolicactservesasareminderoftheurgentneedtoprotectourplanetfromclimatechangeandenvironmentaldamage.TheOriginofEarthHourEarthHourbeganinSydney,Australia,18yearsago.OnMarch31,2007,theAustralianchapteroftheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)askedthecity’sresidentsandbusinessestoswitchoffalllightsforanhour.Overtwomillionhouseholdsand2,100enterprisestookpart.EvenlandmarksliketheSydneyOperaHouseandtheSydneyHarbourBridgewentdark.Thissmallactionresultedina10percentreductioninelectricityuseduringatypicaleveninghourinSydney.Thefirstevent’ssuccessgottheworld’sattention.By2009,nearly4,000citiesworldwidehadjoinedtheinitiative.Today,EarthHouristheworld’slargestgrassrootsenvironmentalmovement.Itisobservedinover180countriesandterritories.EarthHourhassparkedrealenvironmentalinitiativesglobally.Ithashelpedestablishamarinesanctuary(保護(hù)區(qū))inArgentinaandanEarthHourforestinUganda.InFrenchPolynesia,themovementinspiredthecreationoftheManagedMarineAreatoprotectmarineecosystems.ParticipationJoiningEarthHouriseasy.Simplyturnoffnon-essentiallightsandelectricalappliancesforonehour.Usethetimetoenjoyacandlelightdinnerwithfamilyandfriendsorplanapicnicunderthestars.Foranextendedexperience,gocampingandmakeitan“EarthNight”.BeyondEarthHourEarthHourisareminderthatsmalldailyhabitscanleadtomeaningfulchanges.Letusalldoourpartinsavingtheonlyhomewehave.1.WhatprobablycontributestoEarthHour’sgrowth?A.Businessfinancing. B.Landmarkpromotion.C.Governmentsupport. D.Sydney’sinitialsuccess.2.WhatisthemaingoalofEarthHour?A.TopromotetourisminSydney. B.Tosupportbusinessdevelopment.C.Toencourageenergyconservation. D.Tocelebratetechnologicaladvancements.3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutEarthHourtoday?A.It’scenteredonSydney’slocalevents. B.Itisawidelyrecognizedmovement.C.It’srequiredinover180countries. D.Itsinfluencehasdeclinedovertime.【答案】1.D2.C3.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了“地球一小時(shí)”活動(dòng)，該活動(dòng)始于澳大利亞，現(xiàn)已成為全球最大的基層環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)。文章倡導(dǎo)通過簡(jiǎn)單行動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)世界氣候變化，保護(hù)自然環(huán)境。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheOriginofEarthHour部分中第一段中“EarthHourbeganinSydney,Australia,18yearsago.OnMarch31,2007,theAustralianchapteroftheWorldWideFundforNature(WWF)askedthecity’sresidentsandbusinessestoswitchoffalllightsforanhour.Overtwomillionhouseholdsand2,100enterprisestookpart.(“地球一小時(shí)”始于18年前的澳大利亞悉尼2007年3月31日，世界自然基金會(huì)（WWF）澳大利亞分會(huì)呼吁該市居民和企業(yè)關(guān)閉所有燈光一小時(shí)。超過200萬戶家庭和2100家企業(yè)參與了此次活動(dòng))”及第二段中“Thefirstevent’ssuccessgottheworld’sattention.By2009,nearly4,000citiesworldwidehadjoinedtheinitiative.(第一次活動(dòng)的成功引起了全世界的關(guān)注。到2009年，全球近4000個(gè)城市加入了這項(xiàng)活動(dòng))”可知，悉尼首次活動(dòng)的成功吸引了全球關(guān)注，推動(dòng)了地球一小時(shí)的發(fā)展。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Theannualeventencouragedindividualsandbusinessestoturnofftheirlightsforonehour,from8:30to9:30p.m.localtime.Thissymbolicactservesasareminderoftheurgentneedtoprotectourplanetfromclimatechangeandenvironmentaldamage.(這項(xiàng)年度活動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)個(gè)人和企業(yè)從當(dāng)?shù)貢r(shí)間晚上8:30到9:30關(guān)燈一小時(shí)。這一象征性的行為提醒我們，保護(hù)地球免受氣候變化和環(huán)境破壞的緊迫性)”以及TheOriginofEarthHour部分中第一段中“Thissmallactionresultedina10percentreductioninelectricityuseduringatypicaleveninghourinSydney.(這一小小的行動(dòng)使得悉尼一個(gè)典型的夜晚用電量減少了10%)”可推知，“地球一小時(shí)”的主要目標(biāo)是鼓勵(lì)節(jié)能。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)TheOriginofEarthHour部分中的第二段中“Today,EarthHouristheworld’slargestgrassrootsenvironmentalmovement.Itisobservedinover180countriesandterritories.(“地球一小時(shí)”活動(dòng)是如今世界上最大的基層環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)，超過180個(gè)國家和地區(qū)參與其中)”可推知，該活動(dòng)已成為全球廣泛認(rèn)可的環(huán)保運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選B。BJossNaylor,knownasthe“IronMan”offellrunning,wasbornin1936inWasdaleHead,Cumbria.Fellrunningisasportofoff-trailmountainracing,andNaylorbecameasymbolofenduranceanddetermination.Asasheepfarmerbyprofession,hebecamefamousforhisremarkablephysicalabilities.In1971,NaylorbecamethesixthpersontocompletetheBobGrahamRound,a24-hourchallengecovering66milesand42peaksintheLakeDistrict.Hedidbetterthanexpectedbyclimbing61peaksinjust23hoursand37minutes.Thefollowingyear,hetackled63peaks,andin1975,hereached72peaks,allunder24hours.Atage50in1986,hecompletedtheWainwrightRound,whichinvolvedclimbing214peaksinsevendays,settingarecordthatstooduntil2014.Naylor’sfeatswereevenmoreimpressiveconsideringthephysicalchallengeshefaced.Growinguponafarm,hesufferedmanyinjuries,startingwithapunishmentfromhismother.Atage19,hehadallthecartilage(軟骨)removedfromoneknee,andby22,hehadtwodiscs(椎間盤)removed.Doctorstoldhimtoavoidhardexerciseandevengavehimaspecialunderweartowear,whichheignored.Instead,hereturnedtohisworkasasheepfarmer.Inthe1960WasdaleFellRace,Naylorhadn’tofficiallyenteredbutjoinedinwearinghisworkboots.Hequicklytooktheleadbutfelldownbecauseofcramps(肌肉抽筋),finishinglast.Despitethis,hekeptracing,improvingwitheachrace.In1971,aftercompletingtheBobGrahamRound,hesetanewrecordintheNationalThreePeaksChallenge,climbingthehighestpeaksinEngland,ScotlandandWaleswithin12hours,arecordthatstillstands.Naylorfacedcountlessinjuriesovertheyears,includinglosingallhistoenailsandskinonhisfeetduringatwo-dayracein1976.Heevenlostaracein1970afterbeingkickedbyacow.However,noamountofpain,whetherfrominjuriesoranimals,couldstophim.Hisreputationgrew,andinJune2024,hundredsoffellrunnershonoredhimbyrunningeightmilesupthevalleynearhishometohisfuneral.4.WhatcanweconcludeaboutNaylor’searlylife?A.Hewasverygoodatschoolsports. B.Hefacedfrequentphysicalinjuries.C.Helackedproperrunningequipment. D.Hestruggledwithfarmresponsibilities.5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutJossNaylor’spersonality?A.Heworriedalotaboutinjuries. B.Hegaveupeasilywhenhefailed.C.Hestayedstrongandkeptgoing. D.Hethoughtlittleoftoughexercises.6.WhydidNaylor’sphysicalachievementsseemextraordinary?A.Hecompetedinseveralcountries. B.Heachievedrecordsdespiteinjuries.C.Heimprovedalternativemedicaltreatments. D.Hewasthefirsttoattemptthechallenges.7.Whatdoesthe2024funeraleventimplyaboutNaylor?A.Helivedfarawayfromhiscommunity. B.Hepursuedrecognitionfromthepublic.C.Hecontinuedcompetinguntilhislastdays. D.Heearnedrunners’respectandadmiration.【答案】4.B5.C6.B7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了“鐵人”JossNaylor的傳奇人生。他以超凡的毅力和決心著稱，盡管面臨多次傷病，他仍創(chuàng)造了多項(xiàng)紀(jì)錄，成為山地跑的象征?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Growinguponafarm,hesufferedmanyinjuries,startingwithapunishmentfromhismother.Atage19,hehadallthecartilage(軟骨)removedfromoneknee,andby22,hehadtwodiscs(椎間盤)removed.(他在農(nóng)場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)大，受過很多傷，最初是來自母親的懲罰。19歲時(shí)，他摘除了一個(gè)膝蓋上的所有軟骨，22歲時(shí)，他又摘除了兩個(gè)椎間盤)”可知，Naylor的早年生活中經(jīng)常遭受身體上的傷害。故選B。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“Doctorstoldhimtoavoidhardexerciseandevengavehimaspecialunderweartowear,whichheignored.Instead,hereturnedtohisworkasasheepfarmer.(醫(yī)生告訴他要避免劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)，甚至給他穿了一件特殊的內(nèi)衣，但他沒有理會(huì)。相反，他回到了牧羊工作中。)”、第四段中“Hequicklytooktheleadbutfelldownbecauseofcramps(肌肉抽筋),finishinglast.Despitethis,hekeptracing,improvingwitheachrace.(他很快就取得了領(lǐng)先，但由于抽筋而摔倒了，最后一名。盡管如此，他還是堅(jiān)持比賽，每一場(chǎng)比賽都在進(jìn)步。)”以及最后一段中“However,noamountofpain,whetherfrominjuriesoranimals,couldstophim.(然而，無論是受傷還是動(dòng)物帶來的痛苦，都無法阻止他。)”可推知，JossNaylor面對(duì)困難和傷痛從不退縮，一直保持堅(jiān)強(qiáng)并繼續(xù)前進(jìn)。故選C。【6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Naylor’sfeatswereevenmoreimpressiveconsideringthephysicalchallengeshefaced.(考慮到Naylor所面臨的身體挑戰(zhàn)，他的成就更加令人印象深刻)”、倒數(shù)第二段“Despitethis,hekeptracing,improvingwitheachrace.In1971,aftercompletingtheBobGrahamRound,hesetanewrecordintheNationalThreePeaksChallenge,climbingthehighestpeaksinEngland,ScotlandandWaleswithin12hours,arecordthatstillstands.(盡管如此，他還是堅(jiān)持比賽，每一場(chǎng)比賽都在進(jìn)步。1971年，在完成鮑勃·格雷厄姆環(huán)行后，他在全國三峰挑戰(zhàn)中創(chuàng)造了新的記錄，在12小時(shí)內(nèi)攀登了英格蘭、蘇格蘭和威爾士的最高峰，這一記錄至今仍保持著。)”以及最后一段中“Naylorfacedcountlessinjuriesovertheyears,includinglosingallhistoenailsandskinonhisfeetduringatwo-dayracein1976.(多年來，Naylor經(jīng)歷了無數(shù)次傷病，包括在1976年為期兩天的比賽中失去了所有的腳趾甲和腳上的皮膚)”可推知，Naylor的身體成就之所以非凡，是因?yàn)樗M管受傷仍創(chuàng)造了記錄。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Hisreputationgrew,andinJune2024,hundredsoffellrunnershonoredhimbyrunningeightmilesupthevalleynearhishometohisfuneral.(他的名聲越來越大，2024年6月，數(shù)百名山地跑者為了向他致敬，從他家附近的山谷跑了8英里到他的葬禮上)”可推知，2024年的葬禮事件表明Naylor贏得了跑步者的尊重和欽佩。故選D。CAgrowingnumberofcompaniesarebuildinghumanoidrobots,andthesemechanicallook-alikesarestartingtoappearincarfactoriesanddeliveryplaces.Somebusinessesevenpromiserobotsforhomeuse.Yetonebigquestionstillhasnoanswer:Whybother?Whymakearobotinahumanshapewhenitcouldtakeanyimaginableform?Theusualansweristhathumanoidrobotscould,inprinciple,handleanyphysicaljobsapersoncan.Butthat“inprinciple”isdoingalotofheavylifting.Ifyou’vewatchedvideosoftheserobots,you’llgetit—they’reoftenclumsy,awkwardmachines.Sure,thetechnologyhelpingthemstandandmovehascomealongway,butthey’restillnotasquickorgracefulashumans.Meanwhile,robotsbuiltforasinglejob—likeanarmshiftinggoodsbetweenconveyorbelts(傳送帶)—arenowcommonplace.Designedwithonepurpose,theydoitreallywell,unlikehumanoidrobots,whichaimtodoeverythingbutoftenmasternothing.Anotherargumentisthatahumanshapemakesiteasierforpeopletoworkwithorcontrolrobots.Thisholdssomewater,especiallysincemanyofthesemachinesstillneedskilledhumanoperators.Companiesoftenavoidadmittingthis,callingitashort-termphase,butthedreamoffullyindependent,AI-poweredhumanoidrobots—onesthatmatchorbeathumanworkers—remainsalongshot.Fornow,whatwe’vegotarehuman-shapedshellsguidedbypeoplebehindthescenes.WhenElonMuskintroducedTesla’sOptimusrobotin2021,heproudlyclaimeditcouldteach,babysit,walkdogs,fetchgroceries,orpourdrinks.Yetthoserobotsweren’tAI-driven,andeachwascontrolledbyahiddenhuman.Noticeapattern?Thesetasks—low-wage,service-orientedjobs—suggestthat,fornow,humanoidrobotsjustmaskhumaneffortwithashinysurface.Someremote-controlledrobotsserverealpurposes,likeindeep-seaexploration.Butthosemachinesaren’tshapedlikehumans—theylooklikecapsulesorsmallvehicles,andtheyworkjustfine.Theideathatrobotsmustbehuman-shapedisafailureofimagination.Yes,humanoidrobotslookimpressive.Theyremindusofthefantasiesinsciencefictionswheremachineshandlealldifficulttasks.Buttoday,theyaremostlymarketingtools,maskinghumanlabor.Andarobotthatdoesn’ttrulyimprovelifeismissingthepoint.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“holdssomewater”meaninparagraph3?A.Providessufficientevidence. B.Makesmuchsense.C.Ispartlyreasonable. D.Iswidelyaccepted.9.WhydoestheauthormentionTesla’sOptimusrobot?A.Toprovehumanoidrobotsarebetter. B.Tohighlightitsimpressivetechnology.C.Toshowitcanreplacehumanworkers. D.Tosuggestitisinthechargeofhumans.10.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardhumanoidrobots?A.Skeptical. B.Optimistic. C.Neutral. D.Cautious.11.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WhenHumanoidRobotsMissPotential B.HowHumanoidRobotsMissGoalsC.WhatHumanoidRobotsLackNow D.WhyHumanoidRobotsFallShort【答案】8.C9.D10.A11.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了人形機(jī)器人存在的問題及缺陷?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中“Anotherargumentisthatahumanshapemakesiteasierforpeopletoworkwithorcontrolrobots.(另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人類的形態(tài)使人們更容易與機(jī)器人合作或控制機(jī)器人)”以及劃線單詞所在的句子“especiallysincemanyofthesemachinesstillneedskilledhumanoperators.(尤其是考慮到許多這樣的機(jī)器仍然需要熟練的人類操作員)”可知，另一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，人類的外形讓人們更容易與機(jī)器人合作或控制機(jī)器人，特別是考慮到許多這樣的機(jī)器仍然需要熟練的人類操作員，這有一定道理，因此，劃線短語“holdssomewater”意思是“有一定道理”。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhenElonMuskintroducedTesla’sOptimusrobotin2021,heproudlyclaimeditcouldteach,babysit,walkdogs,fetchgroceries,orpourdrinks.Yetthoserobotsweren’tAI-driven,andeachwascontrolledbyahiddenhuman.(2021年，當(dāng)埃隆·馬斯克介紹特斯拉的Optimus機(jī)器人時(shí)，他自豪地宣稱，它可以教學(xué)、照顧孩子、遛狗、取雜貨或倒飲料。然而，這些機(jī)器人并不是人工智能驅(qū)動(dòng)的，每個(gè)機(jī)器人都由一個(gè)隱藏的人控制)”可推知，作者提到特斯拉的Optimus機(jī)器人是為了表明它是由人類控制的。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yes,humanoidrobotslookimpressive.Theyremindusofthefantasiesinsciencefictionswheremachineshandlealldifficulttasks.Buttoday,theyaremostlymarketingtools,maskinghumanlabor.Andarobotthatdoesn’ttrulyimprovelifeismissingthepoint.(是的，人形機(jī)器人看起來令人印象深刻。它們讓我們想起科幻小說中的幻想，機(jī)器可以處理所有困難的任務(wù)。但在今天，它們大多是營銷工具，掩蓋了人類的勞動(dòng)。一個(gè)不能真正改善生活的機(jī)器人是沒有意義的)”可推知，作者對(duì)人形機(jī)器人持懷疑態(tài)度。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Agrowingnumberofcompaniesarebuildinghumanoidrobots,andthesemechanicallook-alikesarestartingtoappearincarfactoriesanddeliveryplaces.Somebusinessesevenpromiserobotsforhomeuse.Yetonebigquestionstillhasnoanswer:Whybother?Whymakearobotinahumanshapewhenitcouldtakeanyimaginableform?(越來越多的公司正在制造人形機(jī)器人，這些機(jī)械外觀相似的機(jī)器人開始出現(xiàn)在汽車工廠和送貨地點(diǎn)。一些企業(yè)甚至承諾將機(jī)器人用于家庭。然而，一個(gè)大問題仍然沒有答案：為什么要費(fèi)心呢？既然機(jī)器人可以采取任何想象的形式，為什么還要把它做成人的形狀呢？)”以及結(jié)合全文可知，本文主要討論了人形機(jī)器人雖然看起來令人印象深刻，但目前大多只是營銷工具，掩蓋了人類的勞動(dòng)，并沒有真正改善生活。文章分析了人們制造人形機(jī)器人的原因，并指出其存在的問題?？芍?，D選項(xiàng)“為什么人形機(jī)器人達(dá)不到預(yù)期”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。DMuchhasbeendiscussedabouthowmodernlifestylesleadtoinsufficientsleep,unlikeourancestorswholivedinsimplertimes.However,ananalysisof54globalsleepstudiesrevealsthatindividualsinsmall,non-industrialsocietiesactuallysleeplessthanthoseinmoreindustrializedregions.“EveryoneIspeaktoinCanadaandtheUScomplainsaboutpoorsleep,”saysLeelaMcKinnonfromtheUniversityofTorontoMississauga.“Butthedatadoesn’tsupportthat.”Itiscommonlybelievedthattheriseofdeviceslikesmartphoneshasresultedinreducedsleep—oftenreferredtoasasleep-lossepidemic.Yet,manystudiesreportingadeclineinsleepdurationrelyonself-reporteddata,whichisanunreliablemeasure.Researchusingmorereliablemethods,suchasactivitymonitorsorbrainwavetracking,hasnotindicatedadecreaseinsleepoverrecentdecades.Forinstance,a2016reviewof168studiesfoundnosignificantdropinsleepdurationoverthepast50years.However,thesestudiesprimarilyfocusedonindustrializednations,leavingthequestionofwhethersleeppatternsweredifferentbeforeindustrializationunanswered.Theavailabilityofwrist-basedactivitymonitorsmadeiteasiertostudysleepinnon-industrialsocieties.Suchstudieshaverevealedshortsleepdurations.Forinstance,amonghunter-gatherers,theSanpeoplesinsouthernAfricasleepfor6.7hoursanightonaverage.McKinnonandhercolleagueDavidSamson,alsofromtheUniversityofTorontoMississauga,haveparticipatedinseveralrelevantstudies.Theycomparedsleephabitsinindustrializednations—liketheUSandAustralia—withthoseinsmaller,non-industrialcommunities,includinglocalgroupsintheAmazon,Madagascar,andTannaIslandinthePacific.Theiranalysis,themostcomprehensivetodate,involveddirectmeasurementsofsleepin866participantsaged18andolderwithnoserioushealthissues.Theydiscoveredthatindividualsinnon-industrialsocietiesaveraged6.4hoursofsleep,whilethoseinindustrialsocietiesaveraged7.1hours.Additionally,peopleinnon-industrialsocietieswereasleepfor74%oftheirtimeinbed,comparedto88%inindustrializedareas,aconceptknownassleepefficiency.Samsonbelievesthatpeopleinindustrializedsocietiessleeplongerandbetterbecausetheirenvironmentismoresuitableforsleep.“Weseethatwe’vemadesomerealgainsinthesafetyandsecurityofoursleepsites,”hesays.“Wenolongerneedtoworryaboutrivalgroupsorpredatorsatnight.”12.WhatdoesLeelaMcKinnonthinkofsleepcomplaints?A.TheyareuniquetoCanada. B.Theyaresupportedbydata.C.Theyareoverstatedbypeople. D.Theyarecausedbysmartphones.13.Whydopeopleinindustrialsocietiessleepbetter?A.Theysleeplessbutfeelbetter. B.Theirsleeptechnologyisadvanced.C.Theyaremoreusedtoshortsleep. D.Theirsleepenvironmentsaresafer.14.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Non-industrialsocietiessleepbetter. B.Technologygreatlyreducessleeptime.C.Industrializationworsenssleepquality. D.Researchchallengesbeliefsaboutsleep.15.Whereisthispassagemostlikelyfrom?A.Ahealthguide. B.Ahistorybook.C.Asciencejournal. D.Atravelmagazine.【答案】12.C13.D14.D15.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章通過對(duì)全球54項(xiàng)睡眠研究的分析，指出非工業(yè)化社會(huì)的人們實(shí)際上睡得更少，工業(yè)社會(huì)的人平均睡眠時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)，且工業(yè)社會(huì)的環(huán)境更適合睡眠。作者反駁了“現(xiàn)代生活方式是導(dǎo)致睡眠不足的原因”這一觀念?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中““EveryoneIspeaktoinCanadaandtheUScomplainsaboutpoorsleep,”saysLeelaMcKinnonfromtheUniversityofTorontoMississauga.“Butthedatadoesn’tsupportthat.”(‘在加拿大和美國遇到的每個(gè)人都抱怨睡眠不好，’多倫多密西沙加大學(xué)的LeelaMcKinnon說?！珨?shù)據(jù)并不支持這一點(diǎn)?！?”可知，LeelaMcKinnon認(rèn)為人們對(duì)睡眠的抱怨被夸大了。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Samsonbelievesthatpeopleinindustrializedsocietiessleeplongerandbetterbecausetheirenvironmentismoresuitableforsleep.“Weseethatwe’vemadesomerealgainsinthesafetyandsecurityofoursleepsites,”hesays.“Wenolongerneedtoworryaboutrivalgroupsorpredatorsatnight.”(Samson認(rèn)為，工業(yè)化社會(huì)的人們睡得更長(zhǎng)、更好，因?yàn)樗麄兊沫h(huán)境更適合睡眠。‘我們看到，我們?cè)谒邎?chǎng)所的安全保障方面取得了一些實(shí)實(shí)在在的進(jìn)步，’他說?！覀儾辉傩枰獡?dān)心晚上有敵對(duì)團(tuán)體或捕食者?！?”可知，工業(yè)化社會(huì)的人們睡得更好是因?yàn)樗麄兊乃攮h(huán)境更安全。故選D?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Muchhasbeendiscussedabouthowmodernlifestylesleadtoinsufficientsleep,unlikeourancestorswholivedinsimplertimes.However,ananalysisof54globalsleepstudiesrevealsthatindividualsinsmall,non-industrialsocietiesactuallysleeplessthanthoseinmoreindustrializedregions.(關(guān)于現(xiàn)代生活方式如何導(dǎo)致睡眠不足的問題已經(jīng)討論了很多，這與我們生活在更簡(jiǎn)單時(shí)代的祖先不同。然而，一項(xiàng)對(duì)54項(xiàng)全球睡眠研究的分析顯示，小型非工業(yè)社會(huì)的人們實(shí)際上比工業(yè)化程度更高的地區(qū)的人們睡得少)”以及通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了研究挑戰(zhàn)了關(guān)于睡眠的普遍看法，即現(xiàn)代生活方式導(dǎo)致睡眠不足，而實(shí)際上非工業(yè)化社會(huì)的人們睡眠時(shí)間更短。因此，D選項(xiàng)“研究挑戰(zhàn)了關(guān)于睡眠的信念”最符合文章主旨。故選D。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要討論了關(guān)于睡眠的研究結(jié)果，這些研究使用了可靠的方法來測(cè)量睡眠，并挑戰(zhàn)了關(guān)于現(xiàn)代生活方式導(dǎo)致睡眠不足的普遍看法。這樣的內(nèi)容通常出現(xiàn)在科學(xué)期刊上，因此這篇文章最有可能來自一本科學(xué)期刊。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Manyofusstarta“healthkick”or“organizationdrive”,seekingtochangeallourbehaviorsatonce.___16___AtypicalreasonwhyNewYear’sresolutionsdon’tworkisthatpeopletrytochangetoomanythingsatonce.Changingevenasmallhabitrequirestimeandeffort,andtryingtochangeseveralthingsatonceoftenresultsinfailure.Takingonestepatatimemayinvolvebreakingahabitintosmallerpartsandaddressingeachpartindividually.___17___Startingsmallcanbeeffective;forexample,ifyouwanttodrinkmorewater,beginwithoneglassdailyatthesametime.Afterafewdays,graduallyincreaseyourintakeinsteadofattemptingtodrinkeightglassesrightaway.___18___Insteadoftryingtoreinventyourself,focusonadjustingtheaspectsyou’reunhappywith.Aimingfor“goodenough”inyourhabitsboostsyourchancesofsuccess,whilestrivingfor“perfect”canleadtofailure.Forinstance,givingupcigarettesmightbeachievable,butexpectingtocutoutalltreats,drinkthreelitersofwaterdaily,andgotothegymfivetimesaweekisunrealistic.Includesmallrewardsintoyourplanforachievingmilestones.Thiscouldincludeatreat(notchocolateifyou’retryingtoloseweight),asmallgift,ortimespentenjoyingamovieorahotbath.___19___Finally,seeksupportfromtrustedindividualsandreplacebadhabitswithbetterones.___20___Byfocusingongradualchangesandrealisticgoals,youcanimproveyourchancesoflong-termsuccess.A.Invitesupport.B.Berealisticaboutyourgoals.C.However,thisrarelyleadstosuccess.D.Findwaystoremindyourselfwhyyouaredoingthis.E.Celebrateyourachievements,butavoidself-criticism.F.It’sessentialtocreateaclearplanoutliningwhatyouwilldoandwhen.G.Findingalternativeactivitiescanmakeiteasiertobreakunwantedbehaviors.【答案】16.C17.F18.B19.E20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章討論了人們?cè)诟淖兞?xí)慣時(shí)，經(jīng)常因一次性嘗試過多而失敗的現(xiàn)象。文章建議人們采取逐步改變的方法，設(shè)定現(xiàn)實(shí)目標(biāo)并逐步實(shí)施，以提高成功的可能性。同時(shí)，獲取支持和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)自己也是實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期改變的重要策略?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Manyofusstarta“healthkick”or“organizationdrive”,seekingtochangeallourbehaviorsatonce.(我們很多人會(huì)發(fā)起“健康運(yùn)動(dòng)”或“組織活動(dòng)”，試圖一次性改變自己的所有行為習(xí)慣)”以及后文“AtypicalreasonwhyNewYear’sresolutionsdon’tworkisthatpeopletrytochangetoomanythingsatonce.Changingevenasmallhabitrequirestimeandeffort,andtryingtochangeseveralthingsatonceoftenresultsinfailure.(新年決心未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的一個(gè)常見原因在于，人們?cè)噲D一次性改變太多的事情。哪怕只是改變一個(gè)小小的習(xí)慣也需要時(shí)間和精力，而試圖同時(shí)改變多個(gè)方面往往會(huì)導(dǎo)致失敗)”可知，第一段開頭提到人們?cè)噲D一次性改變所有行為，空后句提到新年決心不起作用的一個(gè)典型原因是人們?cè)噲D一次改變太多的事情。C選項(xiàng)“然而，這種情況很少能帶來成功”承接前一句，說明這種做法的結(jié)果或問題，并自然過渡到失敗原因。故選C?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Takingonestepatatimemayinvolvebreakingahabitintosmallerpartsandaddressingeachpartindividually(一步一步來可能意味著要將一個(gè)習(xí)慣分解成更小的部分，然后分別去解決每一部分的問題)”以及后文“Startingsmallcanbeeffective;forexample,ifyouwanttodrinkmorewater,beginwithoneglassdailyatthesametime.Afterafewdays,graduallyincreaseyourintakeinsteadofattemptingtodrinkeightglassesrightaway.(從小事做起往往也能取得成效。比如，如果你想多喝水，可以先從每天在同一時(shí)間喝一杯水開始。幾天后，再逐漸增加飲水量，而不是一開始就試圖一口氣喝下八杯水)”可知，第二段講逐步改變習(xí)慣的方法，先提到分解習(xí)慣，后給出從小處開始的例子(如每天喝一杯水)。選項(xiàng)F“制定一個(gè)清晰的計(jì)劃是至關(guān)重要的，該計(jì)劃應(yīng)明確說明你要做什么以及何時(shí)去做”承接前文的分解方法，并引出具體實(shí)施方法，強(qiáng)調(diào)計(jì)劃對(duì)逐步改變的重要性，并與后文從小處開始的例子相呼應(yīng)。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Insteadoftryingtoreinventyourself,focusonadjustingtheaspectsyou’reunhappywith.Aimingfor“goodenough”inyourhabitsboostsyourchancesofsuccess,whilestrivingfor“perfect”canleadtofailure.Forinstance,givingupcigarettesmightbeachievable,butexpectingtocutoutalltreats,drinkthreelitersofwaterdaily,andgotothegymfivetimesaweekisunrealistic.(與其試圖徹底改變自己，不如專注于調(diào)整那些讓你感到不滿的方面。在習(xí)慣上追求“足夠好”能增加成功的幾率，而追求“完美”則可能導(dǎo)致失敗。例如，戒煙或許是可以做到的，但期望完全杜絕所有零食、每天喝三升水以及每周去健身房五次則是不切實(shí)際的)”可知，本空位于段首，為段落主題句。本段講述了在習(xí)慣改變中應(yīng)注重調(diào)整不滿意的方面，而非追求完美。設(shè)定“足夠好”的目標(biāo)能提高成功率,而過高的期望往往導(dǎo)致失敗。選項(xiàng)B“要對(duì)你的目標(biāo)保持現(xiàn)實(shí)的態(tài)度”引出這一段的建議，統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全段內(nèi)容。故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Includesmallrewardsintoyourplanforachievingmilestones.Thiscouldincludeatreat(notchocolateifyou’retryingtoloseweight),asmallgift,ortimespentenjoyingamovieorahotbath.(在實(shí)現(xiàn)階段性目標(biāo)的計(jì)劃中加入一些小獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。這些獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)可以是某種小禮物（如果你正在減肥的話，就不要選擇巧克力了），也可以是一份小驚喜，比如一起看場(chǎng)電影或者泡個(gè)熱水澡的時(shí)光)”可知，第四段講述了獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的重要性，本空位于段尾，需表達(dá)總結(jié)或補(bǔ)充獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的意義。選項(xiàng)E“要慶祝自己的成就，但要避免自我批評(píng)”與前文“獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的積極鼓勵(lì)”相呼應(yīng)，且文章下一段已轉(zhuǎn)向新主題，E項(xiàng)符合語境。故選E?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Finally,seeksupportfromtrustedindividualsandreplacebadhabitswithbetterones.(最后，要尋求可信賴之人的支持，并用更好的習(xí)慣取代不良習(xí)慣)”可知，最后一段講述了尋求支持和替換習(xí)慣，空后句“Byfocusingongradualchangesandrealisticgoals,youcanimproveyourchancesoflong-termsuccess.(通過注重漸進(jìn)式的改變以及制定切實(shí)可行的目標(biāo)，你就能增加實(shí)現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)期成功的機(jī)會(huì))”總結(jié)成功的關(guān)鍵是通過關(guān)注漸進(jìn)的變化和現(xiàn)實(shí)可行的目標(biāo)。選項(xiàng)G“尋找其他活動(dòng)方式能夠更有效地幫助我們克服不良行為”與前文中的“replacebadhabits”呼應(yīng)，承接“替換習(xí)慣”并引出總結(jié)。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。BrianPhoenixwasa71-year-oldDJwithfortyyearsofexperience.Hehasrecentlygainedunexpected___21___afteraTikTokvideoofhimusingCDsataweddingwentviral.Thevideo,sharedbyMirandaDolph,showedhim___22___tracksfromhismassiveCDcollection,contrastingmodernplaylist-drivenweddings.Dolph’spost,whichwasviewedover9milliontimes,calledPhoenixthe___23___oldDJ.AndPhoenix,amazedbyhowpeople___24___,joked,“It’snotlikeIwassavingababyfromaburningbuilding.I’mjuststandingthere.So,Ifindthatamazing!”PhoenixtoldGoodMorningAmerica.“IinitiallyignoredPhoenix’s___25___untilIsawhimdiggingthroughhisimpressiveCDsandliningupsongs,which___26___me.Yousee,todaymostDJsjustuseplaylistsandcomputers,anddon’t___27___gothroughalltheCDs.Hisdevotioninspiredviewers,”Dolph___28___.Afterthevideo___29___,Dolphcontactedhim,sharingafollow-upmessageinwhichPhoenixencouragedeveryonenottoletsocietylimitthembutinsteaddancetotheirown____30____.PhoenixdreamedofbeingaDJsincechildhood.Inhissixthgrade,friendscalledhishometoordersongs,whichhewas____31____toplayoverthephone.Decadeslater,heremained____32____inhiscraft,performingweeklyatweddings.“Whateveryour____33____is,don’tletanybodyplaywithitorinfluenceyou.Chaseyourdreamsandnever____34____.Gooutthereanddoitforaslongasyouwant,”Phoenixsaid,addingthatnotgivingupisamajoringredientto____35____.21.A.independence B.insight C.knowledge D.popularity22.A.learning B.selecting C.copying D.translating23.A.humblest B.saddest C.cutest D.noblest24.A.responded B.argued C.wondered D.doubted25.A.right B.presence C.request D.status26.A.transported B.alarmed C.froze D.struck27.A.randomly B.necessarily C.endlessly D.occasionally28.A.claimed B.analysed C.recalled D.requested29.A.stretchedout B.trackedin C.brokeup D.tookoff30.A.state B.music C.mood D.addiction31.A.hesitant B.curious C.clumsy D.happy32.A.rooted B.valued C.seasoned D.trapped33.A.memory B.secret C.dream D.inspiration34.A.grow B.settle C.struggle D.react35.A.integrity B.honor C.wisdom D.success【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.D27.B28.C29.D30.B31.D32.A33.C34.B35.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了71歲的DJ布萊恩?菲尼克斯因在婚禮上使用CD選曲的TikTok視頻走紅，展現(xiàn)其對(duì)職業(yè)的熱愛與堅(jiān)持，并傳遞追逐夢(mèng)想、永不放棄的人生態(tài)度?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最近，一段他在婚禮上使用CD的TikTok視頻走紅后，他意外獲得了人氣。A.independence獨(dú)立；B.insight洞察力；C.knowledge知識(shí)；D.popularity受歡迎。根據(jù)下文“aTikTokvideoofhimusingCDsataweddingwentviral”可知，他在婚禮上使用CD的TikTok視頻走紅，可推理出此處說的是視頻走紅使他受歡迎，故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這段由米蘭達(dá)?多爾夫分享的視頻顯示，他從自己龐大的CD收藏中挑選曲目，與現(xiàn)代播放列表驅(qū)動(dòng)的婚禮形成對(duì)比。A.learning學(xué)習(xí)；B.selecting挑選；C.copying復(fù)制；D.translating翻譯。根據(jù)下文“fromhismassiveCDcollection”可知，下文說的是從他龐大的CD收藏中，可推理出此處說的是他在挑選曲目，故選B項(xiàng)。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：多爾夫的帖子被觀看了900多萬次，稱菲尼克斯為最可愛的老DJ。A.humblest最謙遜的；B.saddest最悲傷的；C.cutest最可愛的；D.noblest最高貴的。根據(jù)下文“Hisdevotioninspiredviewers”可知下文提到了他的奉獻(xiàn)精神鼓舞了觀眾，可推理出此處說的是人們覺得他堅(jiān)持傳統(tǒng)的樣子可愛，故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：菲尼克斯對(duì)人們的反應(yīng)感到驚訝，開玩笑說：“這不像我從著火的大樓里救了一個(gè)嬰兒?！盇.responded反應(yīng)；B.argued爭(zhēng)論；C.wondered想知道；D.doubted懷疑。根據(jù)上文“whichwasviewedover9milliontimes”可知上文說的是多爾夫的帖子被觀看了900多萬次，可推理出此處說的是菲尼克斯對(duì)人們的反應(yīng)感到驚訝，故選A項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：一開始我忽略了菲尼克斯的存在，直到我看到他翻找自己令人印象深刻的CD，把歌曲排列好，這讓我印象深刻。A.right權(quán)利；B.presence存在；C.request請(qǐng)求；D.status