試卷第=page11頁(yè)，共=sectionpages33頁(yè)2/2閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（一）（23-24高二上·安徽黃山·期中）Formostordinarypurposes,machinetranslation(MT)hasgotalotbetterinthepastyears.Thebiggestsourceofimprovementhasbeentheadoptionof“deeplearning”intrainingtranslatingsystems.Butimprovementhasalsocomeaboutthroughtheexpansionofclevercompaniessolvingindividualtasks.Somehavecreatedspecialistdictionariessothatimportanttermscanbetranslatedaccuratelyandconsistently.OtherinventionscombineMTwithahumantranslator’seditingtools,whichmeanstranslatorsspendmostoftheirtimecheckingandperfectingMToutput,ratherthandoingtheworkofthetranslatingthemselves.Forsometranslators,beingamachine’seditormaysounddepressing.Thiscanbeseentheotherwayaround,however.Ahumanrepeatedlytranslatingidenticalformulaecangetbored.Allowingthemachinetodotheseboringjobsfreesthetranslatortoapplyspecializedknowledge,solvingmoreintellectuallysatisfyingproblems.Whatarethoseproblems?OneMadrid-basedtranslatorforabiglawfirmdescribesarecenttask.Itinvolvedmakingacriticaldistinctioninalegaldocument:aSpanishword(dolo)that’sproperlytranslatedas“wilfulmisconduct”wastranslatedonlyas“misconduct”bysoftware.Sincethelawrequiresconsiderablysevererpunishmentwhenthemisconductis“wilful”,theomission(省略)waspotentiallydisastrous.Today,manytranslationfirmsareproudofusingMT,notasacrutch(依賴)butasameanstocutcostsandturnaroundtimes.Partoftheirjobbecomesknowingwhatcanbeautomatedandwhatcannot.InstructionmanualscanbelefttoMTwhileotherslikeanovellegalargumentcannot.Thebadnewsforsometranslatorsisthatatapofrepeatable,easyworkisbeingturnedoff.Thegoodnewsisthatwhatremainswillbebrain-challengingstuffforpeoplewhoknowalanguageandsomethingelse.Talesofartificialintelligenceusuallytesthumansagainstmachines.Butthetranslatorsofthefuturewillbeneitherentirelyhumannormachine.Theywillbehumanbeingswithmechanicalenhancements.1．Whatcanwelearnaboutmachinetranslationfromparagraph1?A．Ithasbeenmostlyusedbyspecialists.B．Lotsofeffortshavebeenmadetoimproveit.C．Someclevercompanieshavemadeafortunefromit.D．Ithasreplacedhumantranslatorsinsomesimpletasks.2．WhatcanbeinferredfromthecasementionedbytheMadrid-basedtranslator?A．Experiencedtranslatorsarehardtofind.B．Machinetranslationcanbeinaccurate.C．Machinetranslationhasledtomanymisjudgments.D．Itisdifficultfortranslatorstotell“wilfulmisconduct”from“misconduct”.3．Whatismanytranslationfirms’attitudetowardsusingmachinetranslationtoday?A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful.4．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．TechnologycontributestoproductivetranslatorsB．TranslationisfacedwithagreattechnicalchallengeC．Thetranslatorofthefutureisahuman-machinehybridD．Careeropportunitiesinthefieldoftranslationareincreasing【答案】1．B2．B3．A4．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了隨著科技的發(fā)展，機(jī)器翻譯的質(zhì)量也在不斷提升，作者認(rèn)為未來(lái)的翻譯工作需要靠人和機(jī)器共同來(lái)完成。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Formostordinarypurposes,machinetranslation(MT)hasgotalotbetterinthepastyears.(對(duì)于大多數(shù)普通用途，機(jī)器翻譯(MT)在過(guò)去幾年中有了很大的進(jìn)步。)”等內(nèi)容可知，人們已經(jīng)為提高機(jī)器翻譯的質(zhì)量做出了很多努力。故選B項(xiàng)。2．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itinvolvedmakingacriticaldistinctioninalegaldocument:aSpanishword(dolo)that’sproperlytranslatedas‘wilfulmisconduct’wastranslatedonlyas‘misconduct’bysoftware.Sincethelawrequiresconsiderablysevererpunishmentwhenthemisconductis‘wilful’,theomission(省略)waspotentiallydisastrous.(它涉及到在一份法律文件中做出一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的區(qū)分：一個(gè)西班牙語(yǔ)單詞(dolo)，正確地翻譯為‘故意的不當(dāng)行為’，被軟件翻譯成‘不當(dāng)行為’。由于法律要求對(duì)‘故意’的不當(dāng)行為進(jìn)行相當(dāng)嚴(yán)厲的懲罰，因此這一疏忽可能是災(zāi)難性的。)”可知，機(jī)器翻譯有時(shí)可能不準(zhǔn)確。故選B項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Today,manytranslationfirmsareproudofusingMT,notasacrutch(依賴)butasameanstocutcostsandturnaroundtimes.(今天，許多翻譯公司對(duì)使用機(jī)器翻譯感到自豪，不是作為拐杖，而是作為削減成本和周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間的一種手段。)”可知，今天許多翻譯公司對(duì)使用機(jī)器翻譯的態(tài)度是積極的。故選A項(xiàng)。4．主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)最后一段中“Talesofartificialintelligenceusuallytesthumansagainstmachines.Butthetranslatorsofthefuturewillbeneitherentirelyhumannormachine.Theywillbehumanbeingswithmechanicalenhancements.(人工智能的故事通常是人類與機(jī)器的較量。但未來(lái)的翻譯人員既不是完全由人類也不是完全由機(jī)器完成的。他們將是具有機(jī)械增強(qiáng)功能的人類。)”可知，最后一段點(diǎn)明本文主旨：未來(lái)的翻譯工作既不會(huì)全靠人力，也不會(huì)全靠機(jī)器，而是要靠人與機(jī)器共同完成。C項(xiàng)“未來(lái)的翻譯器是人機(jī)的混合體”符合主題，故選C項(xiàng)。（二）（23-24高二上·黑龍江哈爾濱·期中）OutintheAtlanticOcean,roughly60milesoffthenorthwestcoastofAfrica,lietheCanaryIslands.Inthe1950s,theboominpackagetourismshowedpromiseasanewcashcrop.ButwhiletheCanaryIslandshadthesunshine,warmclimateandeaseofaccessfromEuropeneededforthisnewindustry,theyweremissingavitalelementpicturepostcardsandybeaches.SothedevelopersonTenerifeintheCanaryIslandsconstructedabreakwater(防波堤)overhalfamilelong.Andthen,fromtheWesternSaharaonAfrica’snorthwestcoast,theyshippedin270,000tonsofsand.By1973,theprojectwascomplete.Asanticipated,touristsarrived.Alongtheengineeredbeach,rowsandrowsoftouristsrelaxonbeachchairsunderumbrellasorwalkacrosssoftsandtocooldowninthewater.Unanticipatedwaswhattheirpresencegavetooneoftheworld’smostendangeredfishspecies,angelsharks—visibility.Thegentlewindcreatestinywavesonthewater’ssurface,amagicalcoverforwhatliesbeneath—anangelsharknursery.Femaleangelsharksregularlymigratetotheseideallyshelteredwaterstogivebirthtopups(幼崽),whoremainintheshallowsforaboutayear.Feedingonsmallfishes,theygrowtoaroundthesamelengthasanewbornhumanbaby.SurveyshaveshownthatotherbeachesintheCanaryIslandsarealsopotentialnurserysites.Interestingly,mostofthemhavebeenremadetomakethemmoreattractivetopeople.PlayaChicahasanotherlongsweepofimportedsand.It’sanattractionfordiversaswellasangelsharks,sothenumberofsightingsofmatureangelsharksofthisshorelineisoneofhighestintheislands.Normally,massive,environmentallydisruptiveprojectsarebadforwildlife.Butwhat’sclearisthatafterthebreakwaterwasbuiltandthesandarrived,peoplefollowed,andinthecalm,shallowwaterstheybegantoseebabyangelsharks.Andunlikehowmanyanassociationbetweenhumansandwildlifeends-inconflictanddeadanimals,thistimeitledtoconservation.5．WhydidthedevelopersonTenerifecarryouttheproject?A．Tobuildabaseforshipping. B．Toboostthelocaltourismindustry.C．Tofightagainsttherisingsea. D．Toprotecttheisland’seco-system.6．Whatwasanunexpectedresultoftheproject?A．Itcausedthedisappearanceofsomefishes.B．Itmadeamagicaltouristattraction.C．Itgaveangelsharksahome.D．Itcreatedconflictsbetweensharksandtourists.7．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheengineeredbeach?A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Intolerant.8．Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．Tohighlightthefinancialbenefitsoftourism.B．Tointroducepotentialhuman-wildlifecoexistence.C．Toexplainthesituationofendangeredspecies.D．Toemphasizetheimportanceofwildlifeconservation.【答案】5．B6．C7．A8．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了加那利群島通過(guò)人工造沙海灘吸引旅游的同時(shí)，意外地為瀕危物種天使鯊提供了理想的繁殖地，從而促進(jìn)了對(duì)該物種的保護(hù)。原本可能對(duì)環(huán)境產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響的人工改造工程，在此案例中卻意外成為了野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的契機(jī)，展現(xiàn)了人與自然可以和諧共存的可能性。5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inthe1950s,theboominpackagetourismshowedpromiseasanewcashcrop.ButwhiletheCanaryIslandshadthesunshine,warmclimateandeaseofaccessfromEuropeneededforthisnewindustry,theyweremissingavitalelementpicturepostcardsandybeaches.(20世紀(jì)50年代，隨著包價(jià)旅游的興起，為這個(gè)地區(qū)帶來(lái)了作為新經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱的希望。然而，盡管加那利群島擁有陽(yáng)光、溫暖的氣候以及從歐洲便捷到達(dá)的條件——這些都是新興旅游業(yè)所需的關(guān)鍵因素，但它們卻缺少了一項(xiàng)構(gòu)成明信片般風(fēng)景的必備元素：綿延的沙灘)”及第二段“SothedevelopersonTenerifeintheCanaryIslandsconstructedabreakwateroverhalfamilelong.(因此，位于加那利群島特內(nèi)里費(fèi)島的開發(fā)者建造了一條長(zhǎng)達(dá)半英里的防波堤)”可知，特內(nèi)里費(fèi)的開發(fā)商實(shí)施這個(gè)項(xiàng)目以促進(jìn)當(dāng)?shù)芈糜螛I(yè)的發(fā)展。故選B項(xiàng)。6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Unanticipatedwaswhattheirpresencegavetooneoftheworld’smostendangeredfishspecies,angelsharks—visibility. Thegentlewindcreatestinywavesonthewater’ssurface,amagicalcoverforwhatliesbeneath—anangelsharknursery.Femaleangelsharksregularlymigratetotheseideallyshelteredwaterstogivebirthtopups,whoremainintheshallowsforaboutayear.(未曾預(yù)料的是，他們的到來(lái)為世界上最為瀕危的魚類之一——天使鯊，提供了一個(gè)被關(guān)注的機(jī)會(huì)。輕柔的風(fēng)在水面上掀起了巨浪，為下面的東西提供了一個(gè)神奇的掩護(hù)——一個(gè)天使鯊?fù)袃核?。雌性天使鯊定期遷徙到這些理想的庇護(hù)水域產(chǎn)下幼崽，幼崽在淺灘上停留約一年)”可知，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目給了天使鯊一個(gè)家。故選C項(xiàng)。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段“SurveyshaveshownthatotherbeachesintheCanaryIslandsarealsopotentialnurserysites.Interestingly,mostofthemhavebeenremadetomakethemmoreattractivetopeople.PlayaChicahasanotherlongsweepofimportedsand.It’sanattractionfordiversaswellasangelsharks,sothenumberofsightingsofmatureangelsharksofthisshorelineisoneofhighestintheislands.(調(diào)查顯示，加那利群島上還有其他一些海灘也可能是天使鯊的育幼地點(diǎn)。有趣的是，其中大部分都經(jīng)過(guò)了改造，以增加對(duì)人們的吸引力。PlayaChica是另一個(gè)人工填充沙子的長(zhǎng)灘，它不僅吸引潛水者，也是天使鯊的聚集地，因此在這片海岸線上目擊成年天使鯊的數(shù)量在島嶼中是最高的之一)”可知，這個(gè)工程使得天使鯊的數(shù)量增加，故作者對(duì)工程海灘的態(tài)度是贊成的。故選A項(xiàng)。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Normally,massive,environmentallydisruptiveprojectsarebadforwildlife.Butwhat’sclearisthatafterthebreakwaterwasbuiltandthesandarrived,peoplefollowed,andinthecalm,shallowwaterstheybegantoseebabyangelsharks.Andunlikehowmanyanassociationbetweenhumansandwildlifeends-inconflictanddeadanimals,thistimeitledtoconservation.(通常來(lái)說(shuō)，大規(guī)模且對(duì)環(huán)境造成破壞的工程項(xiàng)目對(duì)野生動(dòng)物來(lái)說(shuō)是不利的。但很明顯的是，在防波堤建成和沙子運(yùn)抵之后，人們接踵而至，在平靜而淺的水域中，他們開始發(fā)現(xiàn)天使鯊寶寶。與人類與野生動(dòng)物之間許多以沖突和動(dòng)物死亡告終的關(guān)系不同，這次相遇卻促成了保護(hù)行動(dòng))”可知，為了發(fā)展旅游業(yè)而進(jìn)行的人工沙灘建設(shè)意外地為瀕危的天使鯊提供了繁殖的場(chǎng)所，促進(jìn)了這一物種的保護(hù)，故作者寫這篇文章的主要目的是介紹人類活動(dòng)與野生動(dòng)物之間可能存在的共存情況。故選B項(xiàng)。（三）（23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Culturalheritagesitesareanonrenewableresource.Todayarchitecturalheritagesitesarebeingdestroyedatanalarmingrate.They’rethreatenedbyrisingseas,pollution,overtourism,conflictsandsoon.Recently,NotreDameCathedralhasattractedinternationalattention.Sinceitsmainconstructionfrom1163to1350,NotreDameCathedralrepeatedlyhasbeendamagedandrepaired.OnApril15,2019,thelandmark’sroofcaughtfire,causingthecollapseofitsspire(尖頂)andupperwallsseverelydamaged.Workonthesitebeganquickly.ThroughtheworkofphotographerTomasvanHoutryve,writerRobertKunzig,andartistFernandoBaptista,peoplewillseerestoringsceneswhereruinsareclearedandstatuessaved.EventheCOVID-19pandemiccausedonlyatwo-monthdelay.Architectshavesaidtheexpensiveprojectisontracktobecompletedin2024.Andthornyquestionsarise.Whatdutydoweowethecreationsofourancestors?Whatlessoncanwedrawfromtheirpresence?Humankindhasansweredthatdifferently.InDresden,Germany,theFrauenkirche,an18th-centurybaroquechurch,wasfamousforitsbell-shapeddome(穹頂).InFebruary1945,oneofthemostdestructivebombingattacksofWorldWarIIreducedthecitytoruins.AfterGermanreunion,thechurchwasreconstructedusingmanyofitsoriginalstones,asasymbolofpeaceandharmony.Berlin’sKaiserWilhelmMemorialChurchalsofelltobombingbuthadadifferentstory.Itsspirehasbeenleftaruinonpurposetobea“warningmonument”againstwaranddestruction.LiketheFrauenkirche,NotreDameisbeingrebuiltascloseaspossibletohowitwasbefore,includingusingtheoriginal,toxicmetal—lead(鉛)—fortheroof,causingthedebateabouthowtorestoreandmaintainhistoricbuildings.Actually,nooneclaimstohavethe“right”answersonpreservation;theremaynotevenberightanswers.Whatpeoplecoulddoistocontinuouslymonitortheglobalcareofculturalheritagesites,asamatterofsignificancetohumanity’spast,present,andfuture.9．WhatdoweknowaboutNotreDameCathedral?A．Itwasoncethreatenedbyconflicts.B．Itcollapsedtotallyduringafiredecadeago.C．Ithasundergonerepeatedrepairssince1163.D．ItwasnotinfluencedbytheCOVID-19pandemic.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“thorny”mean?A．Simple. B．Tough. C．Accurate. D．Attractive.11．WhyaretheFrauenkircheandKaiserWilhelmMemorialChurchmentionedinpara.4?A．Toremindpeoplethevalueofpeaceandharmony.B．Towarnpeopletheinfluenceofwaranddestruction.C．Todemonstratedifferentsolutionstoheritagesitepreservation.D．Tointroducereconstructionmethodssuchasusingoriginalmaterials.12．Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A．Culturalheritagesitesarenonrenewablesothattheyareworthprotecting.B．NotreDameCathedralhasbeenthemostattractiveheritagesiteglobally.C．Thereconstructionofculturalheritagesitesseldomcausesdisagreements.D．ThereconstructionofNotreDameCathedralafterfirehasbeencompleted.【答案】9．C10．B11．C12．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文化遺產(chǎn)是一種珍貴的不可再生資源，對(duì)于修復(fù)被破壞的遺址人們持不同的觀點(diǎn)。文章最后指出，保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)對(duì)人類的過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)都具有重要意義，人類對(duì)于文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)所能做的最好事情就是持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Sinceitsmainconstructionfrom1163to1350,NotreDameCathedralrepeatedlyhasbeendamagedandrepaired.(自1163年至1350年主樓建成以來(lái)，巴黎圣母院多次遭到破壞和修復(fù))”可知，自1163年以來(lái)，巴黎圣母院經(jīng)歷了多次修復(fù)，故選C。10．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的問(wèn)題“Whatdutydoweowethecreationsofourancestors?Whatlessoncanwedrawfromtheirpresence?(我們對(duì)祖先的創(chuàng)造負(fù)有什么責(zé)任？我們能從它們的存在中吸取什么教訓(xùn)？)”可知，對(duì)于修復(fù)受損的巴黎圣母院人們提出了疑問(wèn)，有不同的聲音，即出現(xiàn)了棘手的問(wèn)題。故猜測(cè)劃線詞意為“棘手的”，與tough同義。故選B。11．推理判斷題。第四段首句“Humankindhasansweredthatdifferently.(人類對(duì)此給出了不同的回答)”提到對(duì)于如何保存遺跡人類做法不同，接著下文“AfterGermanreunion,thechurchwasreconstructedusingmanyofitsoriginalstones,asasymbolofpeaceandharmony.Berlin’sKaiserWilhelmMemorialChurchalsofelltobombingbuthadadifferentstory.Itsspirehasbeenleftaruinonpurposetobea‘warningmonument’againstwaranddestruction.(德國(guó)統(tǒng)一后，教堂被重建，使用了許多原來(lái)的石頭，作為和平與和諧的象征。柏林的威廉皇帝紀(jì)念教堂也遭到轟炸，但情況有所不同。它的塔尖被故意留下一片廢墟，作為反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和破壞的‘警告紀(jì)念碑’)”提到兩處遺跡，一處被重建，一處被故意留下一篇廢墟警示人們，故文章提到圣母教堂和威廉皇帝紀(jì)念教堂是為了說(shuō)明文物保護(hù)有不同的解決辦法，故選C。12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第一段中“Culturalheritagesitesareanonrenewableresource.(文化遺產(chǎn)是一種不可再生的資源)”和最后一段中“Whatpeoplecoulddoistocontinuouslymonitortheglobalcareofculturalheritagesites,asamatterofsignificancetohumanity’spast,present,andfuture.(人們所能做的是持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)全球?qū)ξ幕z產(chǎn)的保護(hù)，這對(duì)人類的過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)都具有重要意義)”可知，文章主要論述了文化遺產(chǎn)是一種珍貴的不可再生資源，保護(hù)文化遺產(chǎn)對(duì)人類的過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在和未來(lái)都具有重要意義。A項(xiàng)“文化遺產(chǎn)是不可再生的，因此值得保護(hù)”能夠總結(jié)文章大意，故選A。（四）（23-24高二上·浙江杭州·期中）Smallplanetary(行星)bodiesisthebigfocusofspaceexplorationin2023andPeopleareeagertosolvemanyofthemysteriesaboutthesetinyworlds.In2023,thelaunchingoftwospacecraftsaimstoexploresomeofthesolarsystem’ssmallerbodies,inanefforttounderstandhowworldsbecomesuitablehabitatsforhumanstolivein.ThefirsttaskJupiterIcyMoonsExplorer(JUICE)waslaunchedinApril2023andisscheduledtolandin2031.ThisspacecraftfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)isdesignedtoexplorethreeofJupiter’smajormoons:Europa,CallistoandGanymede.Theyarethoughttohaveoceansofliquidwaterbeneaththeirfrozenshells.“ThethingwearemostinterestedinistheliquidoceansandinparticularwithGanymede–wedon’tknowthelocation,thedepth,thecompositionoftheseoceans,”saysESA’sOlivierWitasse,theprojectscientist.“WhileJUICEhasmanygoals,themostexcitingoneistohuntforlifethereaswateriscrucialtolife”.DuetolaunchinOctober2024andarrivein2030,theotherspacecraftPsychefromNASAisnamedafterthe

asteroid(小行星)itwillland.ResearchersbelievePsychetobeanexposedironcoreofayoungplanet.Studyingplanetarycoresisnearlyimpossibleonactualplanetsbecausetheyaresodeepunderground,soPsychecouldpresentauniqueopportunity.“Thecoreisalwayscrucial.FortheEarth,itcreatesmagneticfieldandgivesoffheat,”saysoneoftheresearchersofPsyche,“OneofthewaystoanswerwhyEarthishabitableistostudyhowitwasbuilt,andPsycheispartofthatstory.Wedon’tknowwhatwe’regoingtofind,andifblessed,we’regoingtobecompletelysurprisedbecausetherewasnopreviousdata.”Habitability(宜居性)inoursolarsystemisstillahugemystery,butthetwospacecraftsshouldbringusonestepclosertounderstandingit.13．Whatistheaimofthetwospacecraftlaunchingtasks?A．Tostudyplanetarybodies. B．Tosolvemysteriesaboutworlds.C．Toexplorethesolarsystem. D．Tounderstandhowworldsbecomehabitable.14．AccordingtoOlivierWitasse,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutJUICEisNOTtrue.?A．Itsmostimportantgoalistohuntforlife.B．Itisscheduledtotravelabout8yearsbeforeitreachesitsdestination.C．IthasfoundthereareliquidoceansunderfrozenshellsofJupiter.D．ItisdesignedbyEAUtoexplorethreeofJupiter’smajormoons.15．WhatcanbelearnedfromPsychetask?A．PsychewillbelaunchedtoexplorePsyche.B．Therewasalittlepreviousdataabouttheasteroid.C．Peoplehaveknownhowtheearthisbuiltthroughit.D．Psyche’scorecreatesmagneticfieldandgivesoffheat.16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．GanymedeattractsparticularattentionofscientistsofESA．B．Psycheiskeytohelpingpeoplesolvemysteriesaboutspace.C．JUICEisscheduledtoexplorethreeofJupiter’smajormoons.D．Thelaunchingoftwospacecraftsistohelpunderstandhabitability.【答案】13．D14．C15．A16．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了2023年將發(fā)射兩艘宇宙飛船來(lái)了解適合人類居住的棲息地，文章介紹了這兩個(gè)航天器的任務(wù)以及意義。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In2023,thelaunchingoftwospacecraftsaimstoexploresomeofthesolarsystem’ssmallerbodies,inanefforttounderstandhowworldsbecomesuitablehabitatsforhumanstolivein.(2023年，兩艘宇宙飛船的發(fā)射旨在探索太陽(yáng)系的一些較小的天體，以了解世界如何成為適合人類居住的棲息地)”可知，這兩次航天器發(fā)射任務(wù)的目的是了解世界是否適合居住。故選D。14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThisspacecraftfromtheEuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)isdesignedtoexplorethreeofJupiter’smajormoons:Europa,CallistoandGanymede.Theyarethoughttohaveoceansofliquidwaterbeneaththeirfrozenshells.(這艘來(lái)自歐洲航天局（ESA）的航天器旨在探索木星的三個(gè)主要衛(wèi)星：木衛(wèi)二、木衛(wèi)四和木衛(wèi)三。它們被認(rèn)為在冰凍的外殼下有液態(tài)水的海洋)”可知，關(guān)于JUICE的陳述中，C選項(xiàng)“它發(fā)現(xiàn)木星冰凍的外殼下有液態(tài)海洋”不正確。故選C。15．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“DuetolaunchinOctober2024andarrivein2030,theotherspacecraftPsychefromNASAisnamedaftertheasteroid(小行星)itwillland.(由于2024年10月發(fā)射，2030年到達(dá)，美國(guó)宇航局的另一艘宇宙飛船普賽克號(hào)以它將著陸的小行星命名)”可知，普賽克號(hào)將會(huì)被發(fā)射去探索普賽克。故選A。16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“In2023,thelaunchingoftwospacecraftsaimstoexploresomeofthesolarsystem’ssmallerbodies,inanefforttounderstandhowworldsbecomesuitablehabitatsforhumanstolivein.(2023年，兩艘宇宙飛船的發(fā)射旨在探索太陽(yáng)系的一些較小的天體，以了解世界如何成為適合人類居住的棲息地)”以及最后一段“Habitability(宜居性)inoursolarsystemisstillahugemystery,butthetwospacecraftsshouldbringusonestepclosertounderstandingit.(我們太陽(yáng)系的宜居性仍然是一個(gè)巨大的謎，但這兩艘宇宙飛船應(yīng)該會(huì)讓我們更接近了解它)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了2023年將發(fā)射兩艘宇宙飛船來(lái)了解適合人類居住的棲息地，文章介紹了這兩個(gè)航天器的任務(wù)以及意義。可知，這篇文章的主要內(nèi)容是發(fā)射兩艘宇宙飛船是為了幫助了解可居住性。故選D。（五）（23-24高二上·湖北恩施·期中）Recentresearchhighlightsthatthetimingofourmeals,particularlythelastoneoftheday,cansignificantlyaffectourhealth.Thestoryisnotmerelyaboutwhatweconsume,butalsoaboutwhenwedoso.Thedebateaboutdinnertimingfindssubstantial,scientificsupportwithaBrighamandWomen’sHospital(BWH)studypublishedinCellMetabolisminOctober2022,suggestingthatearlydinnerscouldhavemorehealthbenefitsthanpreviouslybelieved.Anditdefinedanearlydinnerasamealconsumedthreetofourhoursbeforebedtime,inlinewithourbody’scircadianrhythm(生理節(jié)奏).TheBWHstudydiscoveredcleardifferencesinmetabolic(新陳代謝的)profilesofearlyandlatediners.Earlydinersdemonstratedlowerbloodglucose(葡萄糖)levels,improvedfat-burningcapacity,bettersleepquality,andhigherenergylevels.Meanwhile,latedinnersledtoincreasedhunger,slowercalorieburning,andhigherfatstorage,posingrisksforconditionslikediabetes(糖尿病).Theexacttimingofdinnerisn’taone-size-fits-allchoice,aspeople’sroutinesvarywidely.MayaFeller,anutritionistbasedinBrooklyn,NY,emphasizesthatourschedules—rangingfromtraditionalnine-to-fivetoround-the-clock—arecriticalwhenconsidering“ideal”mealtimes.Therefore,findingadinnertimethatfitsintoyourscheduleisessential,ratherthanstickingtoastrict,potentiallyimpossibletimetable.WendyBazilian,DrPH,offersinsightfultipsforthosewhoseroutinesmaynotpermitanearlydinner.Sherecommendsconsumingmealsorsnackseverythreetofivehours.Thisregulareatingpatterncanhelp.stabilizebloodsugarlevels,preventingthefeelingofhunger.Furthermore,it’sadvantageoustoleaveagapoftwotothreehoursbetweenyourlastmealandbedtime.Thisgapensuresyourbodyhassufficienttimeformostofthedigestionprocess—lettingyougetadequaterestandrepairduringsleep.Soit’stimetoreconsidernotjustthecontentsofyourplate,butalsotheclock.Afterall,leadingahealthylifestyleisn’tmerelyaboutcountingcaloriesbutal?ounderstandingwhenandhowtofuelourbodies.17．WhatdidtheBrighamandWomen’sHospital(BWH)studymainlyfocuson?A．Therecommendeddailydiet. B．Ourbody’scircadianrhythm.C．Thedrawbacksofearlydinners. D．Theimportanceofdinnertiming.18．Whatmaybetheresultofhavinganearlydinner?A．Havingastrongsenseofhunger. B．Storingupmorefatinyourbody.C．Havingahigherriskofdiabetes. D．Enjoyingasoundnight’ssleep.19．WhatadvicedoesWendyBaziliangivetothelatediners?A．They’resupposedtograbsomefoodevery5.hours.B．They’dbetterhaveaccesstoadequaterestandrepair,C．Theyshouldallowfordigestionprocessbeforebedtime.D．Theyareadvisedtokeeptheirbloodsugarlevelstable.20．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．TheHealthiestTimetoEatDinner. B．WeAreWhatWeEat.C．BenefitsofGoodDietaryHabits. D．EatingLessintheEvening.【答案】17．D18．D19．C20．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述了晚餐時(shí)間對(duì)健康的影響，并提供了關(guān)于如何合理安排晚餐時(shí)間的建議，幫助讀者改善健康。17．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thedebateaboutdinnertimingfindssubstantial,scientificsupportwithaBrighamandWomen’sHospital(BWH)studypublishedinCellMetabolisminOctober2022,suggestingthatearlydinnerscouldhavemorehealthbenefitsthanpreviouslybelieved.Anditdefinedanearlydinnerasamealconsumedthreetofourhoursbeforebedtime,inlinewithourbody’scircadianrhythm(生理節(jié)奏).(2022年10月，布萊根婦女醫(yī)院發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞代謝》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，關(guān)于晚餐時(shí)間的爭(zhēng)論得到了大量科學(xué)支持，該研究表明，早吃晚餐可能比以前認(rèn)為的更有益于健康。它將早晚餐定義為睡前三到四個(gè)小時(shí)吃的飯，符合我們身體的生理節(jié)奏。)”可知，布萊根婦女醫(yī)院的研究和晚餐時(shí)間的重要性有關(guān)。故選D。18．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Earlydinersdemonstratedlowerbloodglucose(葡萄糖)levels,improvedfat-burningcapacity,bettersleepquality,andhigherenergylevels.(早點(diǎn)吃晚飯的人的血糖水平較低，脂肪燃燒能力增強(qiáng)，睡眠質(zhì)量更好，精力充沛。)”可知，早吃晚飯的人睡眠質(zhì)量更好。故選D。19．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Furthermore,it’sadvantageoustoleaveagapoftwotothreehoursbetweenyourlastmealandbedtime.Thisgapensuresyourbodyhassufficienttimeformostofthedigestionprocess—lettingyougetadequaterestandrepairduringsleep.(此外，在最后一餐和就寢時(shí)間之間留出兩到三個(gè)小時(shí)的間隔是有益的。這個(gè)間隙確保你的身體有足夠的時(shí)間進(jìn)行大部分消化過(guò)程，讓你在睡眠中得到充分的休息和修復(fù)。)”可知，WendyBazilian建議晚吃晚飯的人在睡覺(jué)之前要留出足夠的時(shí)間進(jìn)行消化。故選C。20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Recentresearchhighlightsthatthetimingofourmeals,particularlythelastoneoftheday,cansignificantlyaffectourhealth.Thestoryisnotmerelyaboutwhatweconsume,butalsoaboutwhenwedoso.(最近的研究強(qiáng)調(diào)，我們吃飯的時(shí)間，尤其是一天中的最后一餐，會(huì)對(duì)我們的健康產(chǎn)生重大影響。問(wèn)題不僅在于我們吃什么，還在于我們什么時(shí)候吃。)”、第二段“Thedebateaboutdinnertimingfindssubstantial,scientificsupportwithaBrighamandWomen’sHospital(BWH)studypublishedinCellMetabolisminOctober2022,suggestingthatearlydinnerscouldhavemorehealthbenefitsthanpreviouslybelieved.Anditdefinedanearlydinnerasamealconsumedthreetofourhoursbeforebedtime,inlinewithourbody’scircadianrhythm(生理節(jié)奏).(2022年10月，布萊根婦女醫(yī)院發(fā)表在《細(xì)胞代謝》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究表明，關(guān)于晚餐時(shí)間的爭(zhēng)論得到了大量科學(xué)支持，該研究表明，早吃晚餐可能比以前認(rèn)為的更有益于健康。它將早晚餐定義為睡前三到四個(gè)小時(shí)吃的飯，符合我們身體的生理節(jié)奏。)”再結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要討論了吃晚飯的最佳時(shí)間。故選A。（六）（23-24高二上·福建廈門·期末）WhenIfirstmetNaoJunior,hewasinhis40sandoneofonlyninemembersofhisIndigenous(土著的)group,GreatAndamanese,whostillspoketheidiomofhisancestors.Asalanguagespecialist,Ihadresearchedmorethan80Indianlanguages.IwasontheislandstodocumenttheirIndigenousvoicesbeforetheyfadedintowhispers.Wordsinthislanguageconsistedoftwoclasses:freeandbound.Thefreewordswereallnounsthatreferredtotheenvironmentanditsinhabitants,suchasrafor“pig”.Theycouldoccuralone.Theboundwordswerenouns,verbs,adjectivesandadverbsthatalwaysexistedwithmarkersindicatingarelationtootherobjects,eventsorstates.Themarkerscamefromsevenzonesofthebodyandwereattachedtoarootwordtodescribeconceptssuchas“inside”,“outside”,“upper”and“l(fā)ower”.Forexample,themorpheme(詞素)er-,whichqualifiedmostanythinghavingtodowithanouterbodypart,couldbestuckto-chotoyieldercho,meaning“head”.Justasahead,aboundword,couldnotconceptuallyexistonitsown,themodeandeffectofanactioncouldnotbedividedfromtheverbdescribingtheaction.GreatAndamanesehadnowordsforagriculturebutagreatmanyforhuntingandfishing,mainlywithabowandarrow.Thus,therootwordshile,meaning“toaim”,hadseveralversions:utshile,toaimfromabove;arashile,toaimfromadistance;andeshile,aimingtomakeaholewithasharpobject.Thestudiesestablishedthatthelanguageseemstobetrulyoldinorigin.Inamultistageprocessofdevelopment,wordsdescribingdiversebodypartshadchangedintomorphemesreferringtodifferentzonesandcombinedwithcontentwordstoyieldmeaning.Thestructurealoneprovidesaninsightintoanancientworldviewinwhichthemacrocosm(宏觀世界)reflectsthemicrocosm,andeverythingthatisorthathappensinseparablyconnectstoeverythingelse.21．Whatisthepurposeoftheauthor’sstayontheislands?A．Tomeetwithanoldfriend. B．ToteachIndigenousidioms.C．Torecordanancientlanguage. D．Totraceherancestors.22．“Aimatapig’sheadfromafar”inGreatAndamanesemaybe______.A．Arashileraercho B．ArashileerchoC．Eshileercho D．Eshileraercho23．WhatcanweinferfromtheverbsinGreatAndamanese?A．Averbcoulddescribemorethanoneaction. B．Someoftheverbscouldbeusedontheirown.C．Thelocalsprobablyliveoffseafoodandmeat. D．Thetoolsusedinpeople’sdailylifearediverse.24．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．GreatAndamaneseistheoriginofmultiplelanguages.B．GreatAndamaneseisadoorwaytotheancientwisdom.C．GreatAndamanesetellsthedevelopmentofthecommunity.D．HumanbodyshapesGreatAndamanese’suniqueworldview.【答案】21．C22．A23．C24．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章通過(guò)描述大安達(dá)曼人語(yǔ)言中的詞匯分類、詞根和詞綴的組合方式，展現(xiàn)了這種語(yǔ)言背后蘊(yùn)含的豐富文化和歷史內(nèi)涵。同時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)土著語(yǔ)言和文化遺產(chǎn)的保護(hù)和重視的重要性。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Asalanguagespecialist,Ihadresearchedmorethan80Indianlanguages.IwasontheislandstodocumenttheirIndigenousvoicesbeforetheyfadedintowhispers.(作為一名語(yǔ)言專家，我研究了80多種印度語(yǔ)言。我在島上記錄土著居民的聲音，直到他它們漸漸消失。)”可知，作者在島上停留的目的是記錄一種古老的語(yǔ)言。故選C。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“suchasrafor“pig”(比如ra代表“豬”)”和“ercho,meaning“head”(ercho意思是“頭”)”和第三段的“arashile,t