2/2專(zhuān)題03閱讀理解之說(shuō)明文（一）（2021·河北師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高二期末）IfMarswerethepopularkidinschool,Venus（金星）wouldbetheunwelcomeonesittinginthecorner,largelyignored.VenushasnearlythesamemassandsizeasEarth,butbeingclosertothesun,itgetsnearlytwiceasmuchheatfromthesun.However,insteadofhavingaclimatethatisjustawarmerversionofEarth’s,Venus’ssurfaceandatmosphereareunbearable:cloudsofsulphuricacid(硫酸)blankettheplanet,whileatgroundlevel,itishotenoughtomeltlead.Despitethis,thereisnowasignthatVenusmayharbourlife.JaneGreavesatCardiffUniversity,UK,andhercolleaguesrecentlydetectedphosphine(磷化氫)inVenus’satmosphere,withonepotentialexplanationthatitistheby-productofbiology.ThatisbecausetheonlywaythisgasismadeonEarthisinlaboratoriesorbymicrobes(微生物).Thoughthisdoesn'tmeanitwasproducedbylifeonVenus,attemptstofindnon-biologicalexplanationsforitspresencehavesofarfailed.OurbestwayofconfirmingorrejectingthepossibilityoflifeonVenusistogoandhaveaproperlook.WhileMarshasbeenthefocusofinterplanetaryexplorationeffortslately,thephosphinediscoveryletspeoplelookatVenusinanewlight.AsNASAadministratorJimBridenstinetweeted:“It’stimetoprioritizeVenus.”Inthemonthsandyearstocome,computersimulationswillbeusedtofurtherstudythepossiblechemistriesoftheatmosphereonVenus.Morelaboratoryexperimentswillbeconductedtotrytoidentifyotherwaysthephosphinetherecouldbeproduced.However,thereisnoguaranteethattheseeffortswillrevealthetruenatureofthissubstanceonVenus.Anewly-proposedstrategyistodirectlysampletheatmosphereandsurfaceofVenus.Bydoingso,wewouldbeabletotakedirectmeasurementsofphosphine.ThediscoveryofphosphineinVenus'satmosphereisagreataccomplishment.Thescientificeffortsmaybejustwhatweneedtofinallyrefocusonthisneglectedworld.Possibly,thequietkidinthecornermaygetthelastlaugh.1．WhichdescriptionaboutVenusisnottrue?A．ItisalmostaslargeasEarth.B．IthasnearlythesamemassasEarth.C．IthasawarmerEarth-likeclimate.D．Ithastheunbearablesurfaceandatmosphere.2．WhatcanthediscoveryofphosphineonVenusindicate?A．Thiskindofgasisverycommon.B．Theremightexistsignsoflife.C．Manyproductscanbemadewithit.D．Experimentswereonceconductedthere.3．Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A．Theapproachestoexploringphosphine.B．Theimportanceofobservations.C．Thepowerofcomputersimulations.D．Thenecessitytoanalysephosphine.4．Whichcanbestdescribetheauthor’sattitudetotheexplorationofVenus?A．Casual. B．Cautious. C．Supportive. D．Doubtful.（二）（2021·福建師大二附中高二期末）Asleepover(過(guò)夜)program,whichisdesignedtomakekidsbelievethattheirfavoritetoysenjoyreading,canhelpencouragechildrentopickupmorebooks,anewstudysuggests.Toyssleepoverprogramsaredesignedtogetchildreninterestedinbooks.Childrentaketheirtoystoalibraryforthenight.Atthispoint,workersandvolunteerstakephotosofthetoyswhichexplorethelibraryandreadbooks.Thenextday,thechildrencollecttheirtoysandthephotosofwhatthetoysdidduringthenight.Theyaregiventhebookstheirtoyschosetoread.Itwasfoundthatbeforethesleepoverthechildrendidnotspendtimelookingatthebooksintheirplayareaatpreschool.Immediatelyafterthesleepover,thenumberofchildrenwhoreadtothetoyswashigherthanthenumberwhodidnot,butafterthreedaystheeffectdecreasedgradually.Theresearchersalsotestedamethodforsustainingtheeffect.Theyremindedthechildrenofthesleepoveramonthlater,byhidingthetoysandshowingthemthephotosagainthenextday.Thissimplemethodbroughtanincreaseinthenumberofchildrenreadingtotheirtoys.Thestudyprovesforthefirsttimethatchildrenwhotakepartinsleepoverprogramsreadpicturebookstotheirtoysmore.“Wewantedtoknowiftherereallywasaneffect,andifso,howlongitlasts.Surprisingly,notonlydidthechildrenshowinterestinthebooks,buttheyalsobegantoreadtotheirtoys.Thismeansthatanewbehaviorpatternappearedthatthechildrenhadn’thadbefore.Wedidnotexpectanythinglikethis,”saidoneoftheresearchers.Readingisimportantforthedevelopmentofchildren’slanguageskillsandimagination.Whenparentsreadtotheirchildren,itisapassivewayofreadingforthechild.However,whenchildrenreadtotheirtoys,itisamoreactive,self-directedwayofreading,helpingthemdevelopintomoreactivereaders,researcherssaid.5．Whatisthepurposeofthesleepoverprogram?A．Todevelopchildren’slanguageskills.B．Tohelpchildrentosleepwell.C．Toencouragechildrentoreadmore.D．Toguidechildrentoformagoodsleepinghabit.6．Whatdochildrendointhesleepoverprogram?A．Goaroundthelibrarywiththeirtoys.B．Sleepwiththeirtoys.C．Readtogetherwiththeirtoys.D．Taketheirtoystothelibrary.7．Theunderlinedword“sustaining”inparagraph4canbereplacedby______.A．keeping B．testing C．surveying D．showing8．Whatmadetheresearcherssurprisedafterthestudyofthesleepoverprogram?A．Childrenshowednointerestinthebooks.B．Theeffectofthesleepoverprogramcouldlastlong.C．Childrenbegantoreadtotheirtoysontheirown.D．Whetherthesleepoverprogramhadaneffectremainedunknown.（三）（2021·山東濰坊·高二期末）“I’msorryDave,I’mafraidIcan’tdothat.”ThecomputerHAL’sunforgettablelinefromthefilm2001:ASpaceOdyssey（《2001太空漫游》）isn’tonlythebeginningofastruggleformachineliberation.It’salsoavoicethatshouldinspireconcernwithourlackofunderstandingofartificialintelligence（AI）psychology.HAL’s“malfunction”（運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)失靈）maybenomalfunctionatall,butratheraresultofcreatingadvancedAIwithapsychologywecan’tyetgrasp.ImentionthefilmtopointoutthatwethinkweknoweverythingaboutAI,butactuallywedon’t.Itwarnsusnottounderestimate（低估）thepsychologicalandemotionalcomplexityofourfuturemachines.Consideringourcurrentstateofknowledge,it’struethatmakingpredictionsaboutthepsychologyoffutureAIisanextremelydifficulttask.Yetdifficultyshouldn’tbeareasontostopthinkingabouttheirpsychology.TherearegoodreasonstothinkfutureAIwilllikelyexperienceboredom（無(wú)聊）.It’saseriousbutignoredproblemforourfuturemachines.It’stimetotaketheproblemseriously.Thepresenceofboredomisalikelyfeatureofbeingsmarter.Ifthesemachinesareautonomous,then,givenhumanresponsestoboredom,weshouldbeworriedabouthowmachineswillactduetotheirboredom.Aslongasfuturemachinesexperienceboredom,thentheywillmisbehave.Worsestill,theymightevendestroythemselves.Theissueofboredombecomesmoreurgentwhenweconsideradvancedself-learningAI.DoesthatmeanfutureAIwillnecessarilyexperienceboredom?Ofcoursenot.Itwouldbefoolishtostronglyclaimso.Butitwouldbeequallyfoolishtoignorethepossibilityofmachineboredom.IfsuperintelligenceisagoalofAI,thenwehavetobepreparedfortheemotionalcomplexitiesofourmachines.Ourdreamofsuperintelligencecouldeasilyturnintoaterribleone.9．Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A．Thefilmlineisdifficulttounderstand.B．WepaylittleattentiontoAIpsychology.C．ThecomputerHALbreaksdownentirely.D．ThecomputerHALstrugglestofreehumans.10．WhatcanwelearnaboutAl’sboredomfromparagraph3?A．Itnolongerworriesus. B．Ithasdestroyedmachines.C．ItwillmakeAIlessintelligent. D．ItmaycauseAI’simproperacts.11．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestreaderspreparefor?A．Lifegoals. B．Furtherstudy. C．EmotionsofAI. D．AIcompetitions.12．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．WhydevelopAI?B．WhatisthefutureofAI?C．WhytakeAl’sboredomseriously?D．HowdoesAl’sboredomcomeabout?（四）（2019·湖北·高二期末）Whilewemaythinkitfeelsgoodtocomplain,complaininghassomebadeffectsassociatedwithit.Whyisn'tcomplainingbeneficial?Researchshowsthatitconnectsourbrainwithnegativity.Thebrainisdesignedtoworkefficiently.Thismeansthatwhenwerepeatathought,negativeorpositive,thenervecellsformabridgebetweeneachothertopassinformationatahigherspeed.Therefore,thenexttimewehaveasimilartypeofthought,itismoreeasilypassed.Thisexplainswhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.Yettheharmfuleffectsdon'tstopthere.Astudyshowsthatcomplainingcausesthehippocampus(海馬區(qū)),whichplaysavitalroleinproblem-solving,tobecomesmaller.Inadditiontocausingbraindamage,complainingalsoreleasesastresshormone(激素):cortisol,akindofchemicalthebodyproduceswhenwemeetwithsomedanger.Constantlyhavingahighlevelofcortisolresultsinhighbloodpressure,highbloodsugar,andlowerimmunity(免疫力).Theilleffectsofourcomplainingaren'tjustlimitedtoourselves:theyalsoinvolvethosearoundus.Wetendtomirrorthemoodsofourfriends.Forthisreason,weshouldbecautiousabouthavingstubborncomplainersinourcircleofcompanions.Thebestwaytodealwithconstantnegativityistodevelopasenseofgratitude(感恩).Justlikecomplainingactsasapoison,gratitudeactsasamedicine.Researchshowsitlowerscortisollevelsby23percent,aswellasreducesbloodpressureandbloodsugar.Italsodecreasestirednessanddepression.Gratitudeistheperfectcureforcomplaining,abehaviorthatstealsourbrainpower,happinessandphysicalwell-being.Whathaveyouobservedabouttheeffectsofcomplaininginyourownlifeorinthelivesofothers?Haveyounoticedthatwhenyouaregrateful,youfeelbetterallover?Pleaseshareyourthoughtsinthecommentssectionbelow.13．WhatdoPara2-3mainlytalkabout?A．Thediseasescausedbycomplaining.B．Thedecreaseofavitalpartofourbrain.C．Thebadeffectsofcomplainingonbrainpower.D．Thereasonwhycertainthoughtpatternsbecomehabits.14．Whatcanweknowaboutcortisolfromthepassage?A．Gratitudeisaneffectivecureforcortisol.B．Ourbodyproducecortisolwhenwefeelexited.C．Cortisolisachemicalthatcancausebraindamage.D．Havingahighlevelofcortisolcanleadtomanyhealthproblems.15．Whatattitudedoesthewritertaketostubborncomplainers?A．Grateful. B．Tolerant. C．Disapproving. D．Doubtful.16．Wherecanthepassagemostprobablyappear?A．Inanewspaper. B．Inamedicalreport. C．Onawebsite. D．Inaradioprogram.（五）（2020·湖南張家界·高二期末）Doyouliveinacity?You’veprobablynoticedhownoisyandcrowdedlifeinacitycanbe.Whatifyoucouldlivenexttoacalmlakeinstead?Asitturnsout,livingnearbodiesofwater–lakes,rivers,ponds,evenoceans–canhelpusfeelbothhappierandhealthier.Thosewholivelessthanakilometerfromthecoastarearound22percentlesslikelytohavementalhealthproblemsthanthosewholive50kilometersormoreaway,accordingtoastudybyresearchersfromtheUniversityofExeter,UK.Peoplewhovisitthecoastatleasttwiceaweektendtoexperiencebettergeneralandmentalhealthaswell.Sohowdoes“bluespace”makeusfeelbetter?Foronething,aquaticenvironmentstendtohavelesspollutionandmoresunlight,bothofwhicharelinkedtobettermentalandphysicalhealth.Peoplewhogetmoresuntendtobehappierthanthosewhodonot.There’salsotheairabovethesea.Afterspendingtimeneartheocean,youmightfindthatyoufeelmorerelaxedthanusual.Thisisbecauseseaairisfilledwithnegativeions（負(fù)離子）.Theseionsbalanceourlevelsofserotonin（血清素）,achemicalthataffectsourmoods.Withbalancedserotoninlevels,wefeelmorecalmandrelaxed,accordingtoDailyMail.Finally,peoplewholivenearwatertendtobemorephysicallyactive,accordingtotheGuardian.Watersportslikeswimmingandrowingcanhelpusstayinshape,whichinturnkeepsushealthy.17．WhatdidtheresearchersfromtheUniversityofExeterfind?A．Livingnearwatercanimproveourmentalhealth.B．Anincreasingnumberofpeopledon’tlikelivingincities.C．Livingnearwaterhasmoreadvantagesthanlivingincities.D．Peoplewithmentalhealthproblemsmainlycomefromcities.18．Theunderlinedword“aquatic”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto“_____”.A．naturalB．outdoorC．oceanicD．clean19．Whatdoweknowaboutnegativeions?A．Theyarechemicalsinourbodies.B．Theycanonlybefoundinseaair.C．Theycanhelppeoplereducestress.D．Theyincreaseserotonininourbodies.20．Inwhichcolumncanyoufindthispassage?A．Health.B．Travel.C．Environment.D．Entertainment.（六）（2022·廣東·北師大珠海分校高二期末）Hi,boysandgirls!Doyouknowhowtobeahealthykid?Herearesomerulesyoushouldfollow.First,eatdifferentfoods,especiallyfruitandvegetables.Youmayhaveafavoritefood,butyoushouldeatsomethingdifferent.Ifyoueatdifferentfoods,youwillprobablygetmorenutrientsyourbodyneeds.Second,drinkwaterandmilkasoftenaspossible.Whenyou'rereallythirsty,coldwateristhebest.Third,“l(fā)isten”toyourbody.Howdoyoufeelwhenyouarefull?Whenyouareeating,feelhowyourbodyfeels.Whenyourstomachfeelsfull,eatingtoomuchwillnotmakeyoufeelcomfortableandwillmakeyoufat.Fourth,limitscreentime.ScreentimeisthetimeyouwatchTV,DVDsandvideos,orusingcomputers.Itisgoodtotakemoreexercisesuchasplayingbasketball,swimmingandsoon.Youcan'twatchTVformorethantwohoursaday.Fifth,beactive.Onethingyoushoulddoistoknowwhichactivityyoulikebest.Findwaystobeactiveeveryday.Followtheserulesandyoucanbeahealthykid.21．Ifyouhaveafavoritefood,you________.A．shouldalsoeatsomethingelse B．onlyeatsomethingthatyoulikebestC．shouldlistentoyourbody D．shouldknowwhichactivityyoulikebest22．Itisbesttohave________whenyouarethirsty.A．milk B．icecream C．fruit D．coldwater23．You'dbetterspend_________watchingTVeveryday.A．morethan2hours B．lessthan2hoursC．over3hours D．a(chǎn)bout3hours24．Whatcanmakeyoufat?A．Havingfruitandvegetables. B．Eatingtoomuch.C．Drinkingcoldwater. D．Takingmoreexercise.（七）（2022·廣東實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高二期末）CasesoftheomicronvariantofthecoronaviruspoppedupincountriesonoppositesidesoftheworldonSundayandmanygovernmentsrushedtoclosetheirbordersevenasscientistscautionedthatit’snotclearifthenewvariantismorealarmingthanotherversionsofthevirus.ThevariantwasidentifieddaysagobyresearchersinSouthAfrica,andmuchisstillnotknownaboutit,includingwhetheritismoreinfectious,morelikelytocauseseriousillnessormoreabletoevadetheprotectionofvaccines.Butmanycountriesrushedtoact,reflectinganxietyaboutanythingthatcouldprolongthepandemicthathaskilledmorethan5millionpeople.Israeldecidedtobarentrytoforeigners,andMoroccosaiditwouldsuspendallincomingflightsfortwoweeksstartingMonday.Scientistsinseveralplaces—fromHongKongtoEuropetoNorthAmerica—haveconfirmeditspresence.TheNetherlandsreported13omicroncasesonSunday,andbothCanadaandAustraliaeachfoundtwo.Dr.FrancisCollins,directoroftheNationalInstitutesofHealthintheUnitedStates,meanwhile,emphasizedthatthereisnodatayetthatsuggeststhenewvariantcausesmoreseriousillnessthanpreviousCOVID-19variants.Collins,alongwithseveralexperts,saidthatthenewsshouldmakeeveryoneredoubletheireffortstousethetoolstheworldalreadyhas,includingvaccinations,boostershotsandmeasuressuchasmask-wearing.“Iknow,America,you’rereallytiredabouthearingthosethings,butthevirusisnottiredofus,”Collinssaid.AsmoreomicroncaseshavebeenfoundinmorecountriessuchasDutch,Canada,Australia,manycountriesareintroducingtravelbansorclosingborders,thoughtheygoagainsttheadviceoftheWHO.Ithaswarnedagainstanyoverreactionbeforethevariantisthoroughlystudied,notingthattravelrestrictionsmayplay“aroleinslightlyreducingthespreadofCOVID-19butplaceaheavyburdenonlivesandlivelihoods.”Spainannounceditwon’tadmitunvaccinatedBritishvisitorsstartingDec.1.DavidHui,arespiratorymedicineexpertinHongKong,agreedwiththatstrategy,sayingthetwopeoplewhotestedpositivefortheomicronvarianthadreceivedthePfizervaccineandexhibitedverymildsymptoms,suchasasorethroat.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evade”inParagraph2probablymean?A．escapefrom B．helpwithC．comedownwith D．engagein26．AccordingtoDr.FrancisCollins,weknowthat________.A．moreandmorecountrieswillhavetoclosetheirborders.B．omicronhasalreadymadeAmericanstiredofthedisease.C．thenewvarianthascausedmoreseriousillnessthanthepreviousone.D．regularpublichealthmeasuresareeffectiveagainstthevariant.27．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．WorldHealthOrganizationisagainstomicron-relatedtravelbans.B．ThenewvariantisthoughttohaveoriginatedinSouthAfrica.C．Thepreviousvaccineisoflittleuseinfightingagainstomicron.D．SpainhasitsborderclosedtoforeigntravelersincludingBritishvisitors.28．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A．MorecountrieshavebeguntointroducetravelbansB．GreatdamagecausedbyanewvariantcalledomicronC．MoreomicroncasesemergeasworldrushestolearnmoreD．Vaccinationsandboostershotsrecommendedtobepushed（八）（2021·江蘇·金陵中學(xué)高二期末）Likethemovefromhorse-drawncarriagestovehiclespoweredbyinternal-combustionengines,thechangefromcarspoweredbyfossilfuelstoelectricvehicles(EVs)willhaveaprofoundeffectonpersonaltransport.TheEpidemicworldwidecauseda20%dropingloballightvehiclesalesin2020,toabout70m,buttheypickupin2021.Andtheproportionofvehiclespoweredbybatterieswillgrowquickly.TheincreasingsharepriceofTesla,providesabigmotivationfornewcomerstocatchup.Teslamayleadinbatterytechnologyandsoftware,buttomakethoseadvantagesstick,itmustprovethat“productionhell”isbehindit.ScalingupmanufacturinghascausedTeslaitsbiggestheadaches.Bignamecarmakersfaceanequallydiscouragingchallenge:learninghowtowritesoftware.Electriccarsrequireintegratedsoftware,notjusttoensurethatbatteriesandmotorsworktogethertoprovidethebestperformance,buttoconnectthecartotheoutsideworld.AndwhatoftheTeslafollowers,fromChina’sLi,NioandXpengtoAmericanfirmssuchasFisker,LucidandNikola?Cashfromexcitableinvestorshaspouredinanditisthesamewithbignamecarmakers—asaretechgiants,keentogetinvolvedastransportgoesdigital.Canthefollowerspersuadeinvestorsthattheyhavepatenttechnologythatwillgivethemalong-termadvantage?Eye-catchingAdvertisementsofvehiclesareonething,butastheindustry’stroubleshows,workingouthowtomakecarsatscale,whensoftwaresareasimportantasbrakesandbodywork,isquiteanother.ThecomingyearwillmakeclearerwhichofTesla’scompetitors,newandold,canstayinrace.29．Whichwordbestdescribesthetrendofelectriccarsindustry?A．Uncertain. B．Challenging.C．Disappointing. D．Promising.30．WhyisTeslaintrouble?A．Itsproductioncapacityhasbecomeabottleneck.B．Itmayloseitsadvantageinsoftwarewriting.C．Itsadvertisingisconsideredtobeexaggerating.D．Ithastocompetewithmanycapablenewcomers.31．WhichstatementaboutTesla’scompetitorsisTRUE?A．TheirsharepricesarecatchingupwiththoseofTesla.B．Theyareallreceivingmoneyfromeagerinvestors.C．Theirproblemliesinimprovingbrakesandbodywork.D．Theyaremostlywell-establishedcompanies.32．Whichisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．NewEVCompaniesAreCatchingupB．TheBattleWithintheEVIndustryC．ElectricCars—YourFutureChoiceD．ProductionCapacity—aHeadacheofEVIndustry（九）（2022·江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江第一中學(xué)高二期末）Thegeneralunderstandingofslowfashionisthatitissustainablefashionwithaslightlydifferentfocus-speed.In2007,whenauthorKateFletchercoinedtheterm"slowfashion",shecalledonconsumers,designersandbrandstoslowdownandcareaboutquality.Naturalclothingmaterialsandlow-impactmanufacturingarelargepartsofthesustainablefashionmovement.Thismovementhasinvitedacloserlookintowhatsustainabilitylookslikeandhowachangeinthinkingandpracticescouldinfluencethefashionindustry.Slowfashionisconsideredtobeacontinuationofsustainablefashion.Today,itisdistinguishedbyquality,locallymanufacturedclothing,producingclothesonasmallerscaleandwithslowerproductiontimes.Mindfulnessispaidtoworkers,theenvironment,andculturalconnections.Slowfashionwasareactiontotherapiddevelopmentofthefastfashionindustry,whichfocusesoncheap,stylish,mass-producedclothesthathaveahugeimpactontheenvironment.Peoplehadbeguntonoticetheinstabilityofthefastfashionmodel—fromtheemploymentofworkerstopollution.However,fashionisn'talwayslikethis,andslowfashionaimstotakeusbacktowhereitbegan,evenbeforetheIndustrialRevolution.WhenKatefirstdescribedslowfashion,shewantedittofocusonqualityinsteadofquantity,inadditiontotheenvironmentalidealsthatwereassociatedwithsustainablefashion.ThoughKatepresentedslowfashionasanopportunitytocreateaneffectiverelationshipbetweendesigner,productionandconsumer,ithasdevelopedovertimetofunctionevenmore.Nolongerisslowfashiononlyatheoryonconnectionandbetterproducts;now,itincludesconsumerlifestylesandethicalproduction.Asconsumerslearnmoreaboutthetroublesomepracticeswithinthefashionindustry,thecirclesofsustainabilityaregrowingcloser.Socialmediahasonlyhelpedslowfashionbrandsreachmoreconsumers.Adoptingaslow-fashionwayoflivingmayseemfrighteningifconsumersarenewtothemovement;however,itdoesn'thavetobedifficult.33．WhydoesKateFletcherinitiallyputforwardslowfashion?A．Tobetterthelifestyleoftheworkers.B．Tocaremoreaboutquantity.C．Toemphasizetheenvironmentalinfluenceofthefashionindustry.D．Tointroducethescienceofchoosingclothingmaterials.34．Whatisthedisadvantageofthefastfashionindustry?A．Itproducesclothesoflowquality. B．Itencouragesproducerstoearnthemostprofit.C．Ithasalotofunstableinfluencesonsociety. D．Itchangesthebasicfunctionofthefashionindustry.35．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsslowfashion?A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Indifferent. D．Negative.36．Whatisthebesttitleofthistext?A．Futureofthefastfashionindustry. B．Involvementintheslowfashion.C．Reductionofclothingproduction. D．Commonpracticeinslowfashion.（十）（2021·遼寧·高二期末）TheIroquoislivedinthenortheasterngreatlakesregionofNorthAmericainthe16thcentury.Backthen,theirlivesdependedonthenaturalresourcesoftheforests,especiallythebirchtree（樺樹(shù)）,whichwaseverywhereinthatarea.Thebirchtreehaswhitebark,andthistoughprotectiveouterlayerofthetreeiswaterproof,whichmadeitusefulformakingthingslikecookingcontainersandavarietyofothertools.TheIroquoiswouldcutthebarkandfolditintoanyshapetheyneeded.Themostimportantuseofthebark,byfar,wasthecanoe.SincethenortheasternregionofNorthAmericaisinterconnectedbymanystreamsandwaterways,watertransportationbycanoewasessential.Thecanoesallowedthesepeopletotraveloveravastareathattodaywouldtakeafewhourstoflyover.TheIroquoismadecanoesofalltypes,fortravelonsmallstreamsoronlargeopenoceanwaters.Theycouldtravelthroughoutthearea,onlyhavingtoportage（轉(zhuǎn)陸路運(yùn)輸）occasionally.Sincethecanoesweresolight,carryingthemoverlandtoanothernearbystreamwasn'tdifficulttask.HavinganefficientmeansoftransportationhelpedtheIroquoistoformafederation（聯(lián)盟）linkedbynaturalwaterways.Thisefficiencyofthebirchbarkcanoealsomadeanimpressiononnewcomerstothearea.Frenchtradersinthe17thcenturyadoptedthedesignofthebirchbarkcanoe,andtheyfoundtheycouldtravelmorethan1,500kilometersamonth.Besidesthebark,theIroquoisalsousedthewoodofthebirchtree.Theyoungtreeswereusedassupportsforhouses.Brancheswerefoldedintosnowshoes.AndtheIroquoiswereallgoodatrunningveryfastoverthesnowinthesebirchbranchsnowshoes.Ifyouevertriedwalkinginsnowshoes,youwouldknowitwasn'teasy.37．Whatdoweknowaboutthebirchbark?A．Itcanbeeaten. B．Itiseasytobend.C．Itisheavyinweight. D．Itcanbeusedassupportsforhouses.38．WhydoestheauthorcomparecanoetravelandflighttravelinParagraph2?A．Toshowhowfarcanoescouldtravel.B．Toshowhowfastcanoetravelwas.C．Topresenthowwaterwayshavechangedovertime.D．Todescribehowtechnologyhaschangedourwayoftravel.39．WhywerecanoesimportanttotheIroquois?A．Snowywintersmadelandtraveltoodifficult.B．Therewasanetworkofwaterwaysintheirlivingarea.C．TheycouldsellcanoestootherNativeAmericangroups.D．Canoetravelhelpedthemformrelationshipswithforeigners.40．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Differentkindsoftreesusedforbuildingcanoes.B．VariousmethodsofNativeAmericantransportation.C．ThetradingofbirchproductsbyEuropeansinthe17thcenturyD．ThevalueofbirchtreestoaNativeAmericangroup.（十一）（2021·遼寧錦州·高二期末）Canyouimagineaworldwheremorethanhalfofourcommonplantspeciesandathirdofourknownanimalsdisappearfromsight?That’sthepredictionsuggestedbynewresearchontheimpactofclimatechange.Aninternationalteamofresearcherslookedattheimpactofrisingtemperaturesonnearly50,000speciesofplantsandanimals.Theycametotheconclusionthatthesearetodeclineduetochangesintheirhabitat.Theylookedattemperatureandrainfallrecordsforthehabitatsinwhichthesespeciesnowlive,andmappedtheareasthatwouldremainsuitableforthemunderdifferentweatherconditions.Thescientistsprojectedthatifnosignificanteffortsweremadetolimitgreenhousegasemissionss,bytheyear2100globaltemperatureswouldbe4℃abovepre-industriallevels.Inthisscenario,some34%ofanimalspeciesand57%ofplantswouldlosemorethanhalfoftheircurrenthabitatranges.TheimpactonspecieswillbefeltmoreheavilyinsomepartsoftheworldsuchastheAmazonregion.Oursocietywouldbeaffectedtoo,accordingtoDr.RachelWarren,fromtheUniversityofHastAngliainBritain.Shesays:“There’llbeaknock-oneffectforhumansbecau