高二英語閱讀理解(社會文化)常見題型及答題技巧及練習(xí)題(含答案)及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類1．閱讀理解TheatersofthePast

TheGreekTheater

TheatersdevelopedinmanypartsofGreece.AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.Duetothis,actorsplacedemphasisonexaggerated(夸張的)actionandspeech.And,colorfulsymbolicmasksandcostumeswereused.

TheMedievalTheater

TheMedievaltheaterstartedinchurches.That'swhymedievalplayswereaboutBiblestories.Atfirst,itbecameacustomforpriests(牧師)toactoutbriefscenesduringChristmasandEaster.Theseactsattractedlargecrowds.Finallythechurchrefusedtoallowprieststoparticipateinanysucheventsagain,soordinarypeoplebegantheseperformancesoutside.Performancesweresetinthetownsquare,withseveralstagesettingsaroundit.

TheElizabethanTheater

TheEngland'stheaterdevelopedrapidlyintheyearsfollowingthedefeatoftheSpanishNavy.ThedominantfeatureofElizabethantheaterwasthestage.Ithasthreeparts:Theforestageforoutsidescenes;theinnerstageforscenesinsideabuilding;anupperstageorbalconyforvariouspurposes.Thereasonforthisdesignisthattherewerenoscenechanges,orbreaksduringtheplay.Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.Thisledtoamorepoeticscript,andpoetsbecamethemainsourceofscriptwriting.

TheRestorationTheater

Someoftheplaystoldsadstories,butthemajorityoftheplayswerereallyfunny.Manyspecializedmachineswereusedtocreatethescene.Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters(百葉窗)werepaintedwiththescene.（1）WhywereancientGreektheatersbuiltonhills?A.Toholdalargeaudience.B.Tobuildabigandstrongstage.C.Tohaveabettersoundeffect.D.Toemphasizeexaggeratedperformances.（2）Inwhichtheatercouldactors'voicesandspeechhelpcreatescenes?A.TheGreekTheater.B.TheMedievalTheater.C.TheElizabethanTheater.D.TheRestorationTheater.（3）WhatisspecialabouttheRestorationTheater?A.Colorfulmaskswereused.B.Thestagewassmartlydesigned.C.Mostofitsplaysweresorrowful.D.Ordinarypeopleweretheperformers.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了四個古代的劇院。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheGreekTheater部分中的“AncientGreektheaterswerebuiltinnaturalopenairsitesonconvenientlyshapedhills.Thisallowedagreatmassofpeopletoenjoyashowatatime.”古希臘的劇院建在自然開闊的地方，建在形狀方便的山上。這使得一大群人可以一次欣賞一場演出，可知，希臘劇院建在山上是為了讓更多的觀眾可以一起欣賞演出。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)TheElizabethanTheater部分中的“Verylittlescenerywasused,sotheactorshadtocreateascenethroughtheirvoicesanddialogues.”布景用得很少，所以演員們不得不通過他們的聲音和對話來創(chuàng)造一個場景，可知，在TheElizabethanTheater,演員的聲音和言語能幫助創(chuàng)造場景。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)TheRestorationTheater部分中的“Thestagewasaverycleveridea,inthatonthesidesofthestagelargebackshutters(百葉窗)werepaintedwiththescene.”舞臺是一個非常聰明的想法，因為舞臺兩側(cè)的大背板上都畫著場景)可知，在TheRestorationTheater舞臺設(shè)計非常巧妙。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

APG-13ratingisastricterwarningbytheRatingBoardtoparentstodeterminewhethertheirchildrenunderage13shouldviewthefilm.APG-13filmmaygobeyondthePGratingintheme,violence,nudity(裸露),language,adultactivitiesorotherelements,butdoesnotreachtherestrictedRcategory.

ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanbriefnuditywillrequireatleastaPG-13rating,butsuchnudityinPG-13ratedfilmgenerallywillnotbesexuallyoriented.TheremaybeviolencesceneinaPG-13movie,butgenerallynotbothrealisticandextremeorpersistentviolence.

Asingleuseofoneoftherudewordsinafilm,thoughonlyasanexpletive(感嘆語),initiallyrequiresatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.TheRatingBoardneverthelessmayratesuchafilmPG-13if,basedonaspecialvotebyatwo-thirdsmajority,theRatersfeelthatmostAmericanparentswouldbelievethataPG-13ratingisappropriatebecauseofthecontextormannerinwhichthewordsareusedorbecausetheuseofthosewordsinthefilmiseasilyneglected.（1）Whatisthemaingoalofthispassage?A.Todiscussvariousmovieratings.B.Toexplainvariousmovieratings.C.ToexplainthedifferencebetweenPG-13andRmovieratings.D.ToexplainthePG-13movierating.（2）AccordingtoPG-13rating,thethemeofthemovie__________.A.haslittleimpactonitsratingB.hasalargeimpactonitsratingC.shouldbeentertainingD.shouldbesuitableforchildren（3）FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthatdrugusage__________.A.shouldnotbeallowedinmoviesB.isdangerousC.makesaPG-13ratingnecessaryD.isnotappropriateforchildrenunder13（4）Whatdoesamoviewithtwoormoreusesofbadwordsrequire?A.APGrating.B.APG-13rating.C.AnRrating.D.AnNC-17rating.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。PG-13級是電影分級委員會對家長發(fā)出的更嚴(yán)格的警告，目的是決定13歲以下的孩子是否應(yīng)該看這部電影。文章介紹了PG-13電影分級。（1）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文從主題、暴力、裸體、語言、成人活動方面解釋了PG-13的電影分級。全文目的在于解釋PG-13。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.”，電影的主題本身不會導(dǎo)致評級大于PG-13，盡管在電影中出現(xiàn)的與成熟主題相關(guān)的活動可能會導(dǎo)致對電影的限制評級。此可知，電影的主題對PG-13評級影響不大。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.”任何藥物使用最初都需要至少達(dá)到PG-13級別?？芍?，藥物使用使PG-13評級是必要的。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.”，一部有兩個或兩個以上臟話用法的電影需要滿足R級。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

ThefinalresultsofBest-EverTeenFictionvotearein.Whileit'snosurprisetoseeHarryPotterandTheHungerGamesseriesontop,thisyear'slistalsohighlightssomewritersweweren'tasfamiliarwith.Forexample,JohnGreen,authorofTheFaultinOurStars,appearsfivetimesinthetop100.

Summer,likeyouth,passesquickly.Butthebookswereadwhenwe'reyoungcanstaywithusforalifetime.Thefollowingarethetop4onthelist.Enjoy.

⒈HarryPotterseries

TheHarryPotterbooksmakeupthepopularserieswrittenbyJ.K.Rowing.Theseriesincludessevenbooks.Thebooksconcernawizard(魔法師)calledHarryPotterandhisjourneythroughHogwartsSchoolofWitchcraftandWizardry.ThestoriestellofhimovercomingdangerousobstaclestodefeatthedarkwizardLordVoldemortwhokilledhisparentswhenHarrywas15monthsold.

⒉TheHungerGamesseries

IntheruinsofafutureNorthAmerica,ayounggirlispickedtoleaveherpoordistrictandtraveltoCapitolforabattletothedeathinthecruelHungerGames.ButforKatnissEverdeen,themaincharacterinthisseriesbySuzanneCollins,winningtheGamesonlyputsherdeeperindangerasthestrictsocialorderofPanembeginstounravel(瓦解).

⒊ToKillaMockingbird

AuthorHarperLeeexploresracialtensionsinthefictional"tiredoldtown"ofMaycomb,Ala.,throughtheeyesof6-year-oldScoutFinch.Asherlawyerfather,Atticus,defendsablackmanaccusedofacrime,ScoutandherfriendslearnabouttheunjusttreatmentofAfrican-Americans–andtheirmysteriousneighbor,BooRadley.

⒋ThefaultinOurStars

HazelGrace,ateenagegirl,hasgotallsortsofcancerinsideherbody,andherlungsaren'tworkingverywell.Sheknowssheisdyinganddoesn'tliveinhopeanymore.WhenamannamedAugustusWaterssuddenlyappearsattheCancerKidSupportGroup,Hazel'sstoryisabouttobecompletelyrewritten.（1）WhatdoweknowaboutJohnGreen?A.

Oneofhisnovelstopsthelist.B.

Manyofhisnovelsareverypopular.C.

Heisthefavoritewriterofmanyteens.D.

Hewasawell-knownwriterlongbeforethevote.（2）WhoistheauthorofTheHungerGamesseries?A.

HarperLee.

B.

JohnGreen.

C.

J.K.Rowling.

D.

SuzanneCollins.（3）WhatisToKillaMockingbirdmainlyabout?A.

Lifelongfriendships.

B.

Racialdiscrimination.C.

Amanworkingasalawyer.

D.

Alittlegirl'sdifficultchildhood.（4）HazelinTheFaultinOurStars______.A.

isveryoptimistic

B.

writesagreatstoryC.

makesmanymistakes

D.

ischangedbyAugustus.（5）Inwhichpartofanewspapercanwefindthetextprobably?A.

Sports.

B.

News.

C.

Literature.

D.

Entertainment.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B（4）D（5）C【解析】【分析】

短文大意：本文介紹了最受青少年喜愛的四部小說。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段thisyear'slistalsohighlightssomewritersweweren'tasfamiliarwith.Forexample,JohnGreen,authorofTheFaultinOurStars,appearsfivetimesinthetop100.可知，本年度的名單中出現(xiàn)了一些我們不是很熟悉的作家，比如JohnGreen，在前100里出現(xiàn)了五次，可知，其小說很受歡迎，故選B。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段ButforKatnissEverdeen,themaincharacterinthisseriesbySuzanneCollins可知，饑餓游戲的作者為SuzanneCollins，故選D。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)本部分AuthorHarperLeeexploresracialtensionsinthefictional"tiredoldtown"ofMaycomb可知，殺死一只知更鳥，探討種族歧視問題，故選B。（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段WhenamannamedAugustusWaterssuddenlyappearsattheCancerKidSupportGroup,Hazel'sstoryisabouttobecompletelyrewritten.可知，當(dāng)AugustusWaters出現(xiàn)的時候，Hazel的人生發(fā)生了改變，故選D。（5）推理判斷題題。本文主要介紹四部受青少年喜愛的小說，故與文學(xué)有關(guān)，故選C?！军c評】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題兩種常考題型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息。4．閱讀理解

Someinternationallanguagesarewidelyusedformanypurposes.Someminoritylanguageswilldieoutandsomenationstendtokeepminoritylanguages.Ireckonthatmostcommonusedinternationallanguageseaseourlifequalityandcommunicationwithdifferentnationalities.Ontheotherhand,weneedtohelpimproveminoritylanguages.

Therearemanylanguagesintheentireworldbuttwoorthreeminoritylanguagesdieouteachyear.Somecountriestrytosavedyinglanguages.Forinstance,AustralianGovernmentcreatedaprojecttosavethelanguageandcultureofMaoriwhoareAustralianaborigines.AndthereareotherprojectstokeepminoritylanguagessuchasAmericanIndianlanguage.

However,theworldwidejobmarketusuallyrequirescandidateswhocanspeakEnglishorotherinternationallanguages.Peoplewhocannotspeaklinguafranca(共通語)couldhardlybepromotedatwork.Forexample,somecompaniesneedanemployeewhocandealwithforeigncompanies.Somostpeopletendtolearnatleastoneinternationallanguagethathelpsthemtofindabetterjob.

Therefore,worldneedsonecommonlinguafrancathatshouldbespokeninanycountry.Consequently,onecommonlanguageshouldbearequiredsubjectineveryschool.Soanyonespeakingonecommonlanguagecantravelwithoutworriestoanypointoftheworldandtradetheirproducts.Peoplewillnotbeforcedtolearnmanylanguages.

Inconclusion,weshouldhelpminoritynationstokeeptheirlanguagesfortheculturaldiversity.Toeasetheworldwidecommunicationamongnations,weshouldcreateacommonlanguageandprovidecoursesofit.Asaresult,noonewillfacealanguageissue.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“reckon”inParagraph1mean?A.

Deny.

B.

Fear.

C.

Ignore.

D.

Think.（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.

Notallminoritylanguagesareuseful.

B.

Someminoritylanguageshavediedout.C.

MaoriisattractivetoAustraliantourists.

D.

AmericanIndianlanguageiswellpreserved.（3）Whydomostpeoplestudymoreinternationallanguages?A.

Itbenefitstheirjourney.

B.

Theycanearnmoremoney.C.

Itdoesgoodtofindagoodjob.

D.

Theyareeagertogetpromoted.（4）Howcanwestayawayfromlanguageproblems?A.

Bylearningacommonlanguage.

B.

Bywipingoutminoritylanguages.C.

Bystudyingmorelanguagesatcollege.

D.

Bycommunicatingmorewithforeigners.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一些國際語言被廣泛用于許多目的，多數(shù)人學(xué)習(xí)更多的國際語言是為了找到一份好工作。作者建議通過學(xué)習(xí)一種共同的語言來解決語言問題。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第一段中的“Someminoritylanguageswilldieoutandsomenationstendtokeepminoritylanguages.”一些少數(shù)民族語言消亡，一些國家傾向于保持少數(shù)民族語言?！盜reckonthatmostcommonusedinternationallanguageseaseourlifequalityandcommunicationwithdifferentnationalities.”我認(rèn)為最常用的國際語言緩解我們的生活質(zhì)量和與不同民族的溝通。由上下文聯(lián)系推知劃線詞的意思是“想，認(rèn)為”。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Therearemanylanguagesintheentireworldbuttwoorthreeminoritylanguagesdieouteachyear.”可知一些少數(shù)民族的語言已經(jīng)滅絕。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Somostpeopletendtolearnatleastoneinternationallanguagethathelpsthemtofindabetterjob.”多數(shù)人學(xué)習(xí)更多的國際語言是為了找到一份好工作。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Toeasetheworldwidecommunicationamongnations,weshouldcreateacommonlanguageandprovidecoursesofit.Asaresult,noonewillfacealanguageissue.”可知通過學(xué)習(xí)一種共同的語言來解決語言問題。故選A。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

BEIJING/SAOPAULO-Chinesetraditionslikecockfightinglike-flyingandfireworkshavebeenquitecommoninBrazilformanyyears.

Despitethethousandsofkilometersbetweenthem,China'shistoricalandartisticmarkonBrazilhasexistedforabout300years,saidBraziliansinologist(漢學(xué)家)JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeiteinhisbookChinainBrazil."InfluencesfromChinacandatefromthecolonialperiod,evenuptothetimeafterafterBrazil'sindependence."Thecommercialrelationshipbetweenthetwocountrieshasexistedforalongtime,henoted,addingthatincomingshipswouldfillupBraziliancitieslikeSalvador,RiodeJaneiroandRecifewithChineseproductslikeporcelain(瓷器),silkandfansHealsofoundChineseinfluencenotonlyintheartsandarchitectureofBrazilbutalsointhemostdiverseareasofBraziliansociety,liketheeconomy,medicineandpopularculture."Attheendofthe19thcentury,inPernambuco,(astateinnortheasternBrazil),therewasacustomthatchildrensleptwithclothesdecoratedwithChinesedragons."Teixeiraadded.

Thebooktookhimabout15yearstofinish."Theimpactofthebooksurprisedme,thoughitwaspublishedbyauniversitypublisherandithadaprintrunofjust1,000copies,"hesaid."SomehavesaidthatthebookrepresentsaturningpointinChinesestudiesinBrazil."

Besides,thesinologistdidresearchonthemarkandpresenceofChinainthearchitectureandartsofBrazil."ItwasthroughartthatChinaawokeinme,first,curiosity,afterthat,interest,andfinally,passion,"Teixeirasaid.

In1992,thesinologistvisitedMacaotodoresearchforhisdoctoralthesisaboutthemarksandpresenceofChinainBrazil,andthattripimpressedhimalot.In2013,TeixeirahadachancetovisittheChinesecitiesofBeijing,ShenzhenandShanghai,andgottoknow"thepastandpresentofthegreatcountryculturally,aswellasitsincrediblematerialdevelopment."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?A.Brazilianchildren'slovefordragonsasChinesechildren.B.ThedevelopmentofChina-Brazilfrequenttradecooperation.C.Afurtherunderstandingoftheculturesofthetwocountries.D.China'sinfluenceonmostdiverseareasofBraziliansociety.（2）WhatmarksanewstageofChinesestudiesforBrazilian?A.Children'sclothes.B.Thesinologist'straveling.C.Thesinologist'sbook.D.China'sporcelain.（3）Whatfiredthesinologist'spassionforChinesestudies?A.Chineseart.B.Chinesecustoms.C.ThehistoryofChina.D.China'sdevelopment.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheImpressionofChinaonSinologist.B.ChinaandBrazilinEyesofSinologistC.AnIntroductiontoSinologist'sNewBookD.TheFutureofChina-BrazilTradeRelations【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了巴西漢學(xué)家JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeite眼中的中國和巴西。（1）考查句義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“InfluencesfromChinacandatefromthecolonialperiod,evenuptothetimeafterafterBrazil'sindependence.”可知中國的影響可以追溯到殖民地時代，甚至到巴西獨立之后。從畫線句所在的句子“Attheendofthe19thcentury,inPernambuco,（astateinnortheasternBrazil）,therewasacustomthatchildrensleptwithclothesdecoratedwithChinesedragons．可知19世紀(jì)末，在巴西東北部的一個州，伯南布哥，有一個習(xí)俗，孩子們睡在裝飾有中國龍的衣服上。因此，劃線句子顯示的是中國對巴西社會各個領(lǐng)域的影響。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的"‘Theimpactofthebooksurprisedme,thoughitwaspublishedbyauniversitypublisherandithadaprintrunofjust1,000copies,’hesaid.‘SomehavesaidthatthebookrepresentsaturningpointinChinesestudiesinBrazil.’"可知這本書的影響令我吃驚，盡管它是由一家大學(xué)出版社出版的，印刷量只有1000冊。有人說這本書代表了巴西中國研究的一個轉(zhuǎn)折點。因此，這本書標(biāo)志著巴西人的漢語研究進(jìn)入了一個新的階段。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的"‘ItwasthroughartthatChinaawokeinme,first,curiosity,afterthat,interest,andfinally,passion,’Teixeirasaid.”可知正是通過藝術(shù)，中國在我心中覺醒，首先是好奇心，然后是興趣，最后是激情，特謝拉說。因此，是藝術(shù)激發(fā)了這位漢學(xué)家對中國研究的熱情。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，巴西漢學(xué)家JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeite從藝術(shù)，商業(yè)，經(jīng)濟(jì)，醫(yī)學(xué)，文化，建筑等方面介紹了中國對巴西的影響。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“漢學(xué)家眼中的中國和巴西”。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，句義猜測和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Americansgavenearly$300billionawaylastyear.Doyouknowthereason?Beyondthenoblegoalsofhelpingothers,itisthatgivingwillmakethemhappier.

Itisafactthatgiversarehappierpeoplethannon-givers.AccordingtotheSocialCapitalCommunityBenchmarkSurvey,asurveyof30,000Americanhouseholds,peoplewhogivemoneytocharityare43%morelikelythannon-giverstosaytheyare"veryhappy"abouttheirlives.Similarly,volunteersare42%morelikelytobeveryhappythennon-volunteers.

Thehappinessdifferencebetweengiversandnon-giversisnotduetodifferencesintheirpersonalcharacteristics,suchasincomeorreligion.Imaginetwopeoplewhoareidenticalintermsofincomeandfaith,aswellasage,education,politics,sex,andfamilycircumstances,butonedonatesmoneyandvolunteers,whiletheotherdoesnot.Thegiverwillbe,onaverage,over40percentagepointsmorelikelytobeveryhappythanthenon-givers.

Anumberofstudieshaveresearchedexactlywhycharityleadstohappiness.Thesurprisingconclusionisthatgivingaffectsourbrainchemistry.Forexample,peoplewhogiveoftenreportfeelingsofeuphoria,whichpsychologistshavereferredtoasthe"Helper'sHigh".Theybelievethatcharitableactivityproducesaverymildversionofthesensationspeoplegetfromdrugslikemorphineandheroin.

Ofcourse,notonlydoesgivingincreaseourhappiness,butalsoourhappinessincreasesthepossibilitythatwewillgive.Everyonepreferstogivemorewhentheyarehappy.Researchershaveinvestigatedthisbyconductingexperimentsinwhichpeopleareaskedabouttheirhappinessbeforeandaftertheyparticipateinacharitableactivity,suchasvolunteeringtohelpchildrenorservingmealstothepoor.Theresultisclearthatgivinghasastrong,positivecausalimpactonourhappiness,sodoeshappinessongiving（1）AccordingtoParagraph2.Wecanlearnthat

.A.

onlythosepeoplewhogavemoneytocharitywillbehappyB.

moregiverssaytheyfeelhavinghappylivesthannon-giversC.

thosewhodonatemoneyarehappierthanthosewhovolunteerD.

42%ofthevolunteerssaytheyareashappyasthenon-volunteers（2）Whatcausesthehappinessdifference?A.

Income.

B.

Faith.

C.

Education.

D.

Donation.（3）Ifapersonfeelshappy,hemay

.A.

askformoredonations

B.

stopcharitableactivityC.

belikelytogivemore.

D.

cookfoodforthepoor【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國人愛做慈善，因為給予別人幫助比得到幫助更讓人快樂。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“peoplewhogivemoneytocharityare43%morelikelythannon-giverstosaytheyare‘veryhappy’abouttheirlives.”可知給予者比得到幫助者更快樂。故選B。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段年齡，性別，收入，信仰，家庭環(huán)境都相同的兩個人，總是向慈善機(jī)構(gòu)捐錢的那個人，更快樂。可知是捐贈和給予影響一個人的快樂。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“notonlydoesgivingincreaseourhappiness,butalsoourhappinessincreasesthepossibilitythatwewillgive.”一個人越快樂就越愿意去捐贈，去幫助別人。故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀短文，從短文后每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。

Overtheyears,cheerleadinghastakentwoprimaryforms:game-timecheerleadingandcompetitivecheerleading.Game-timecheerleaders'maingoalistoentertainthecrowdandleadthemwithteamcheers,whichshouldnotbeconsideredasport.However,competitivecheerleadingismorethanaformofentertainment.Itisreallyacompetitivesport.

Competitivecheerleadingincludeslotsofphysicalactivity.Themajorityoftheteamsrequireacertainleveloftumbling(翻騰)ability.It'saverycommonthingforgymnasts,soit'seasyforthemtogointocompetitivecheerleading.Usuallythesecheerleadersintegratelotsoftheirgymnasticsexperienceincludingtheirjumps,tumbling,andoverallenergy.Theyalsoperformliftsandthrows.Thisiswherethe"fliers"arethrownintheair,heldby"bases"indifferentpositionsthatrequirestrengthandworkingwithotherteammates.

Competitivecheerleadingisalsoanactivitythatisgovernedbyrulesunderwhichawinnercanbedeclared.Itisawardedpointsfortechnique,creativityandsharpness.Usuallythemoredifficulttheactionis,thebetterthescoreis.That'swhycheerleadersaretryingtoexperiencegreatdifficultyintheirperformance.

Besides,thereisalsoastrictruleoftime.Thewholeperformancehastobecompletedinlessthanthreeminutesandfifteenseconds,duringwhichthecheerleadersarerequiredtostaywithinacertainarea.Anyperformancebeyondthelimitoftimeisinvalid.

Anotherreasonforthefactthatcompetitivecheerleadingisoneofthehardestsportsisthatithasmorereportedinjuries.Accordingtosomeresearch,competitivecheerleadingisthenumberonecauseofserioussportsinjuriestowomen.Emergencyroomvisitsforitarefivetimesthenumberthanforanyothersport,partiallybecausecheerleadersdon'tuseprotectiveequipment.Smilingcheerleadersarethrownintotheairandmovedownintothearmsoftheteammates,whichmayeasilycauseinjuries.Generally,theseinjuriesaffectallareasofthebody,includingwrists,shoulders,ankles,head,andneck.

Therecanbenodoubtthatcompetitivecheerleadingisasportwithprofessionalskills.Hopefully,itwillappearintheOlympicssincecheerleadersarejustasathleticandphysicallyfitasthoseinvolvedinthemoreacceptedsports.Itshouldbenotedthatitisateamsportandeventhesmallestmistakemadebyoneteammatecanbringthescoreoftheentireteamdown.Sowithoutworkingtogethertoachievethegoal,firstplaceisoutofreach.（1）Whatisthemainpurposeofcompetitivecheerleading?A.

Tocompareskillsofparticipants.

B.

Tomaketheaudiencefeelamused.C.

Toattractmorepeopletowatchevents.

D.

Tocheerupthecompetitorsonthecourt.（2）Theunderlinedword"integrate"inParagraph2probablymeans"________".A.

examine

B.

combine

C.

identify

D.

replace（3）Wecanlearnfromthepassagethatcompetitivecheerleading________.A.

lacksnecessaryguidelinestofollowB.

enjoysgreaterpopularitythanothersportsC.

requiresmoredesignedactionsthangymnasticsD.

hasarelativelyhighrateofdamagetothebody（4）Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureofthepassage?I:Introduction

P:Point

Sp:Sub-point(次要點)

C:ConclusionA.

B.

C.

D.

【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了競技啦啦隊不同于普通的啦啦隊，它是一項具有專業(yè)技能的運動，有自己的規(guī)則，融入了一些體操的技能。隊員必須有團(tuán)隊精神，隊員的受傷率很高。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“competitivecheerleadingismorethanaformofentertainment.Itisreallyacompetitivesport.和Competitivecheerleadingincludeslotsofphysicalactivity.”及最后一段中的“Therecanbenodoubtthatcompetitivecheerleadingisasportwithprofessionalskills.”競技啦啦隊是競爭性的運動，是一項具有專業(yè)技能的運動。故選A。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“includingtheirjumps,tumbling,andoverallenergy.”通常這些競技啦啦隊長會將他們的體操經(jīng)驗融入其中，包括跳躍、翻滾和總能量。"integrate"指整合，結(jié)合，融入與combine同義，故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Anotherreasonforthefactthatcompetitivecheerleadingisoneofthehardestsportsisthatithasmorereportedinjuries.”及“Generally,theseinjuriesaffectallareasofthebody,includingwrists,shoulders,ankles,head,andneck.”可知，競技啦啦隊很容易造成隊員受傷，會造成身體多個部位的傷害。故選D。（4）考查文章結(jié)構(gòu)。第一段是總體介紹競技啦啦隊，第二段介紹其包括內(nèi)容和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，第三、四段介紹其難度很高，第五段介紹競技啦啦隊受傷率很高。最后一段得出結(jié)論競技啦啦隊是一項專業(yè)技能的運動。屬于總分總結(jié)構(gòu)，故選C。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和文章結(jié)構(gòu)三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行推理，歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Springiscoming,anditistimeforthoseabouttograduatetolookforjobs.Competitionistough,sojobseekersmustcarefullyconsidertheirpersonalchoices.Whateverwearewearing,ourfamilyandfriendsmayacceptus,buttheworkplacemaynot.

Ahighschoolnewspapereditorsaiditisunfairforcompaniestodiscouragevisibletattoos(紋身)，noserings,orcertaindressstyles.Itistrueyoucan'tjudgeabookbyitscover,yetpeopledo"cover"themselvesinordertoconveycertainmessages.Whatwewear,includingtattoosandnoserings,isanexpressionofwhoweare.Justaspeopleconveymessagesaboutthemselveswiththeirappearances,sodocompanies.Dressstandardsexistinthebusinessworldforanumberofreasons,butthemainconcernisoftenaboutwhatcustomersaccept.

Othersmaysayhowtodressisamatterofpersonalfreedom,butforbusinessesitismoreaboutwhethertomakeorlosemoney.Mostemployersdocareaboutthepersonalappearancesoftheiremployees,becausethosepeoplerepresentthecompaniestotheircustomers.

AsahiringmanagerIampaidtochoosethepeoplewhowouldmakethebestimpressiononourcustomers.Thereareplentyofwell-qualifiedcandidates,soitisnotwrongtorejectsomeonewhomightdisappointmycustomers.EventhoughIamopen-minded,Ican'texpectallourcustomersare.

Thereisnobodytoblamebutyourselfifyoursetofchoicesdoesnotmatchthatofyourpreferredemployer.Nocompanyshouldhavetochangetosatisfyacandidatesimpl