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主語(yǔ)從句專題精講及練習(xí)題一、主語(yǔ)從句的基本概念主語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種,指在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句。它通常位于句首,有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕,會(huì)用it作形式主語(yǔ),將真正的主語(yǔ)從句后置。核心特點(diǎn):整個(gè)從句在句中起主語(yǔ)作用,表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意義(陳述、疑問(wèn)等)。(注:名詞性從句四類:主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句)二、主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞主語(yǔ)從句由連接詞引導(dǎo),連接詞分為三類:1.that-無(wú)實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)從句成分(從句本身完整)。-不可省略(即使在句首也不能省)。例:Thathewillcometomorrowiscertain.(他明天會(huì)來(lái),這是肯定的。)2.whether(是否)-有實(shí)際意義,不充當(dāng)從句成分(從句完整)。-不可用if替代(if不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句)。例:Whetherwewillgohikingdependsontheweather.(我們是否去遠(yuǎn)足取決于天氣。)3.連接代詞/副詞(what,who,whom,whose,which,when,where,why,how)-有實(shí)際意義,在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等成分(從句本身不完整)。例:Whathesaidsurprisedus.(他說(shuō)的話讓我們很驚訝。)(what在從句中作賓語(yǔ))三、主語(yǔ)從句的常見結(jié)構(gòu)(一)直接位于句首(從句作主語(yǔ))結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)從句+謂語(yǔ)+其他例:-Whenthemeetingwillstartisnotclear.(會(huì)議何時(shí)開始還不清楚。)-Whowillwinthegameishardtosay.(誰(shuí)會(huì)贏得比賽很難說(shuō)。)(二)用it作形式主語(yǔ)(從句后置)為避免句子頭重腳輕,常用“it+謂語(yǔ)+其他”,真正的主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。常見句型:1.It+be+形容詞+主語(yǔ)從句例:Itisimportantthatwestudyhard.(我們努力學(xué)習(xí)很重要。)2.It+be+名詞(短語(yǔ))+主語(yǔ)從句例:Itisapitythatyoumissedthefilm.(你錯(cuò)過(guò)了那場(chǎng)電影,真遺憾。)3.It+be+過(guò)去分詞+主語(yǔ)從句例:Itissaidthathehasgoneabroad.(據(jù)說(shuō)他出國(guó)了。)4.It+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)從句例:Itseemsthatsheisveryhappy.(她似乎很開心。)四、易混點(diǎn)辨析1.that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句vs動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)-主語(yǔ)從句強(qiáng)調(diào)“一個(gè)事實(shí)/情況”,動(dòng)名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“一個(gè)動(dòng)作”。例:Thathepassedtheexammadeushappy.(他通過(guò)考試這件事讓我們開心。)(強(qiáng)調(diào)事實(shí))Studyinghardhelpsyousucceed.(努力學(xué)習(xí)能幫你成功。)(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作)2.whatvsthat-what在從句中作成分(主/賓/表),that不作成分。例:Whathesaidistrue.(他說(shuō)的話是真的。)(what作said的賓語(yǔ))Thathesaidnothingsurprisedus.(他什么也沒說(shuō),這讓我們很驚訝。)(that不作成分)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題(60道)注:以下主要圍繞名詞性從句(其中即有主語(yǔ)從句,又有賓語(yǔ)從句等)的引導(dǎo)詞用法展開:一、基礎(chǔ)辨析(1-20題)1.______hewillcomeornotisuncertain.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.What2.______theearthisroundisafact.A.WhatB.WhichC.ThatD.Whether3.______youneedismorepractice.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.If4.______shedidthatisnotknowntous.A.WhyB.WhatC.ThatD.Which5.Itisclear______hedidn’ttellthetruth.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.if6.______teamwillwinthematchisstillaquestion.A.WhichB.ThatC.WhatD.How7.It’sapity______youcan’tjoinus.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.when8.______hesolvedtheproblemsurprisedeveryone.A.WhatB.HowC.ThatD.Which9.______weshouldhelpeachotherisimportant.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.How10.______willgotothepartyhasn’tbeendecidedyet.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Whom11.Itissaid______hehasleftforShanghai.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.if12.______theywillstarttheprojectdependsonthemoney.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If13.______yousaidatthemeetingmadeherangry.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.When14.Itseems______itisgoingtorain.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what15.______themeetingwillbeheldisnotknown.A.WhenB.WhatC.ThatD.Which16.______heisagoodstudentisobvious.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.How17.Itisnecessary______weshouldlearnEnglishwell.A.whatB.thatC.whetherD.if18.______bookyouchoosedoesn’tmatter.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.How19.______hedidn’tcometoschoolyesterdayisstrange.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhyD.Whether20.Itisreported______anewhospitalwillbebuilthere.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.when二、句式應(yīng)用(21-40題)21.______youhavedonemightdoharmtoothers.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.How22.Itisuncertain______themeetingwilllasttwohours.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what23.______breakstherulesshouldbepunished.A.WhoB.WhoeverC.WhatD.Which24.Itisimportant______weprotecttheenvironment.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.how25.______hetolduswasinteresting.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.When26.______wecanfinishtheworkontimeisaproblem.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhetherD.How27.Itisamystery______theplanedisappeared.A.thatB.whyC.whatD.which28.______youlikehimornotisnoneofmybusiness.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.What29.______shewillarrivedependsonthetraffic.A.WhenB.WhatC.ThatD.Which30.Itisbelieved______heishonest.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.if31.______isworthdoingisworthdoingwell.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.How32.______hefailedtheexamagainmadehisparentssad.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhyD.Whether33.Itdoesn’tmatter______youcomeearlyorlate.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what34.______teamwins,wewillcelebrate.A.WhichB.WhicheverC.WhatD.That35.______hesaidatthemeetingistrue.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.How36.Itisstrange______shedidn’tcallme.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether37.______youneedisagoodrest.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.How38.______weshouldgotherebybusorbybikehasn’tbeendiscussed.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.What39.Itispossible______hewillcometomorrow.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.when40.______causedtheaccidentisstillunderinvestigation.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhyD.How三、綜合提升(41-60題)41.______theoldmansaidmadeusthinkdeeply.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.How42.Itisashame______youdidn’thelpher.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.why43.______willtakecareofthechildrenisnotdecided.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Whom44.______heisalwayslateforclassisaproblem.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhyD.Whether45.Itissaid______therewillbeastormtomorrow.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.when46.______youchoosetolivemattersalot.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhereD.How47.______hecansolvetheproblemiscertain.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.How48.Itisnecessary______weshouldmasteraforeignlanguage.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.if49.______bookisthebestishardtosay.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.How50.______hedidn’tattendthemeetingisunknown.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhyD.Whether51.Itseems______theyhaveknownthetruth.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.if52.______youtoldmeyesterdayisveryimportant.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.When53.______wewillhaveatestnextweekistrue.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.How54.Itisafact______thesunrisesintheeast.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.why55.______hewillbuyforhismotherisasecret.A.WhatB.ThatC.WhichD.How56.______youarerightornot,Iwillsupportyou.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.What57.Itisuncertain______theprojectwillbecompleted.A.thatB.whatC.whenD.if58.______hehasdonesofarisamazing.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhichD.How59.Itisimportant______weshouldkeepcalm.A.thatB.whatC.whetherD.if60.______willbeourmonitorhasn’tbeendecidedyet.A.WhoB.WhatC.WhichD.Whom答案及簡(jiǎn)要講解一、基礎(chǔ)辨析(1-20題)1.B.Whether解析:與“ornot”搭配時(shí),只能用whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,if不能。2.C.That解析:主語(yǔ)從句“theearthisround”表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(that無(wú)意義,僅起連接作用)。3.B.What解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)(“你需要的東西”),what在從句中作賓語(yǔ),表“……的事物”。4.A.Why解析:主語(yǔ)從句缺少原因狀語(yǔ)(“她為什么做那件事”),用why引導(dǎo)。5.B.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“hedidn’ttellthetruth”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)。6.A.Which解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少定語(yǔ)(“哪支隊(duì)伍”),which表“哪一個(gè)”,符合語(yǔ)境。7.B.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“youcan’tjoinus”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(pity后常接that從句)。8.B.How解析:主語(yǔ)從句缺少方式狀語(yǔ)(“他如何解決問(wèn)題”),用how引導(dǎo)。9.B.That解析:主語(yǔ)從句“weshouldhelpeachother”表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)。10.A.Who解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)(“誰(shuí)會(huì)去派對(duì)”),who指人且作主語(yǔ),whom只能作賓語(yǔ)。11.A.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“hehasleftforShanghai”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(Itissaidthat...為固定句型)。12.C.Whether解析:主語(yǔ)從句表“是否開始項(xiàng)目”,且位于句首,用whether(if不能引導(dǎo)句首主語(yǔ)從句)。13.B.What解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)(“你在會(huì)上說(shuō)的話”),what作said的賓語(yǔ),表“……的內(nèi)容”。14.A.That解析:itseems后接表語(yǔ)從句,“itisgoingtorain”表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)。15.A.When解析:主語(yǔ)從句缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(“會(huì)議何時(shí)舉行”),用when引導(dǎo)。16.B.That解析:主語(yǔ)從句“heisagoodstudent”表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)。17.B.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“weshouldlearnEnglishwell”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(Itisnecessarythat...為固定句型)。18.C.Which解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少定語(yǔ)(“你選擇哪本書”),which表“哪一本”,符合語(yǔ)境。19.C.Why解析:主語(yǔ)從句缺少原因狀語(yǔ)(“他昨天為什么沒來(lái)學(xué)校”),用why引導(dǎo)。20.A.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“anewhospitalwillbebuilthere”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(Itisreportedthat...為固定句型)。二、句式應(yīng)用(21-40題)21.B.What解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)(“你做的事”),what作done的賓語(yǔ),表“……的行為”。22.C.Whether解析:賓語(yǔ)從句表“會(huì)議是否會(huì)持續(xù)兩小時(shí)”,且在uncertain后,用whether(if也可表“是否”,但此處與uncertain搭配更常用whether)。23.B.Whoever解析:主語(yǔ)從句表“無(wú)論誰(shuí)違反規(guī)則”,whoever=anyonewho,強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何一個(gè)人”,符合語(yǔ)境。24.A.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“weprotecttheenvironment”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(Itisimportantthat...為固定句型)。25.B.What解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)(“他告訴我們的內(nèi)容”),what作told的賓語(yǔ),表“……的事情”。26.C.Whether解析:主語(yǔ)從句表“我們是否能按時(shí)完成工作”,用whether引導(dǎo)(if不能引導(dǎo)句首主語(yǔ)從句)。27.B.Why解析:表語(yǔ)從句缺少原因狀語(yǔ)(“飛機(jī)為什么消失”),用why引導(dǎo)(mystery暗示“原因未知”)。28.B.Whether解析:與“ornot”搭配,只能用whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。29.A.When解析:主語(yǔ)從句缺少時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(“她何時(shí)到達(dá)”),用when引導(dǎo)(取決于交通,暗示時(shí)間不確定)。30.A.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“heishonest”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(Itisbelievedthat...為固定句型)。31.B.What解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)(“值得做的事”),what表“……的事物”,符合語(yǔ)境(諺語(yǔ):值得做的事就值得做好)。32.B.That解析:主語(yǔ)從句“hefailedtheexamagain”表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(that無(wú)意義,僅連接)。33.C.Whether解析:與“or”搭配,用whether引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句(Itdoesn’tmatterwhether...為固定句型)。34.B.Whichever解析:主語(yǔ)從句表“無(wú)論哪支隊(duì)伍贏”,whichever=anyteamthat,強(qiáng)調(diào)“任何一個(gè)”,符合語(yǔ)境。35.B.What解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)(“他在會(huì)上說(shuō)的話”),what作said的賓語(yǔ),表“……的內(nèi)容”。36.A.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“shedidn’tcallme”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(Itisstrangethat...為固定句型)。37.B.What解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)(“你需要的東西”),what表“……的事物”(此處指“休息”)。38.B.Whether解析:與“or”搭配,且位于句首,用whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句(if不能)。39.A.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“hewillcometomorrow”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(Itispossiblethat...為固定句型)。40.A.What解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)(“導(dǎo)致事故的原因/事物”),what表“……的事物”,符合語(yǔ)境。三、綜合提升(41-60題)41.B.What解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)(“老人說(shuō)的話”),what作said的賓語(yǔ),表“……的內(nèi)容”。42.A.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“youdidn’thelpher”,表意完整,用that引導(dǎo)(Itisashamethat...為固定句型)。43.A.Who解析:主語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)(“誰(shuí)會(huì)照顧孩子”),who指人且作主語(yǔ)。44.C.Why解析:主語(yǔ)從句缺少原因狀語(yǔ)(“他為什么總遲到”),用why引導(dǎo)(問(wèn)題暗示“原因”)。45.A.That解析:it為形式主語(yǔ),真正主語(yǔ)是“therewillbeastormtomorrow”,表意完整,

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