被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)請(qǐng)觀察下列句子的謂語(yǔ)部分，思考一下，它們有什么共同點(diǎn)？Theclassroomiscleanedeveryday.Theletterwassentyesterday.Theprojectwillbefinishednextweek.Therulesmustbefollowed.Anewroadisbeingbuilt.一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)PassiveVoice的概念和構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是一種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)（動(dòng)作承受者）+be動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞（Ved）+(by+執(zhí)行者)核心特點(diǎn)：主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者（而非執(zhí)行者）。執(zhí)行者（by+賓語(yǔ)）可以省略（如果不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)或未知）。be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)決定整個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)。例句：Thechefcooksdeliciousmealsinthisrestaurant.→Deliciousmealsarecookedinthisrestaurant(bythechef).Shewritesinterestingstoriesforchildren.→Interestingstoriesarewrittenforchildren(byher).Theworkersrepairedtheroadlastmonth.→Theroadwasrepairedlastmonth(bytheworkers).Thepanywilllaunchanewproductnextyear.→Anewproductwillbelaunchednextyear(bythepany).轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：把主動(dòng)句的賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語(yǔ)。把主動(dòng)句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的形式，即“be動(dòng)詞+過(guò)去分詞”。把主動(dòng)句的主語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句中by的賓語(yǔ)，若主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞，要變?yōu)橘e格形式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句型肯定句：Thehomeworkiscorrectedbytheteachereveryday.否定句：Thehomeworkisnotcorrectedbytheteachereveryday.一般疑問(wèn)句：Isthehomeworkcorrectedbytheteachereveryday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：Howoftenisthehomeworkcorrectedbytheteacher?重點(diǎn)總結(jié)所有句型共用同一個(gè)核心結(jié)構(gòu)：be+過(guò)去分詞（僅通過(guò)調(diào)整be動(dòng)詞和語(yǔ)序?qū)崿F(xiàn)句型變化）否定句：在be動(dòng)詞后加not疑問(wèn)句：be動(dòng)詞提前（一般疑問(wèn)句）或疑問(wèn)詞+be動(dòng)詞（特殊疑問(wèn)句）二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的使用情景不知道或沒(méi)必要說(shuō)明執(zhí)行者例：Thewindowwasbroken.（不知道是誰(shuí)打破的）例：Englishisspokenworldwide.（不需要強(qiáng)調(diào)是誰(shuí)說(shuō)的）強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者例：Thenewlibrarywasbuiltlastyear.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“圖書(shū)館”被建）例：Thisbookwaswrittenin1990.（強(qiáng)調(diào)“書(shū)”被寫(xiě)）正式文體（如科學(xué)報(bào)告、新聞、說(shuō)明書(shū)）例：Theexperimentwasconductedcarefully.（科學(xué)報(bào)告）例：Themeetingwillbeheldtomorrow.（正式通知）避免指責(zé)或委婉表達(dá)例：Mistakesweremade.（委婉表達(dá)，不指明誰(shuí)犯錯(cuò)）三、不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)例句1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①Thefloorsaremoppedeveryevening.②Spanishistaughtinourschool.③ThesecarsaremadeinGermany.2.一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①Theoldhousewasdemolishedlastmonth.②Thedocumentsweresignedbythemanager.③Mywalletwasstolenonthebus.3.一般將來(lái)時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①Anewparkwillbeopenednextyear.②Theresultswillbeannouncedtomorrow.③YourorderwillbedeliveredbyFriday.4.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①Theroadisbeingrepairedrightnow.②Dinnerisbeingpreparedinthekitchen.③Thepatientisbeingexaminedbythedoctor.5.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①ThewallswerebeingpaintedwhenIarrived.②Thecakewasbeingbakedallmorning.③Thereportwasbeingwrittenatthattime.6.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①Theticketshavebeensoldout.②Theproblemhasbeensolved.③Allthecookieshavebeeneaten.7.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)①Thismedicinemustbetakentwiceaday.②Therulesshouldbefollowedstrictly.③Thedoorcanbelockedautomatically.總結(jié)：請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上內(nèi)容總結(jié)不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)并且完成下表時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)Theroomiscleanedeveryday.一般過(guò)去時(shí)Theletterwassentyesterday.一般將來(lái)時(shí)Theprojectwillbefinishedsoon.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Anewbridgeisbeingbuiltnow.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)Thebridgewasbeingbuiltthen.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Anewbridgehasbeenbuiltthisyear.含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞Therulesmustbefollowed.四、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊用法1、含有雙賓語(yǔ)的句子：主動(dòng)句中有指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)or直接賓語(yǔ)都可作主語(yǔ)。如果間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)保留不變；如果直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，間接賓語(yǔ)前通常加介詞to或for。如Shegavemeabook.→Iwasgivenabookbyher.或→Abookwasgiventomebyher.Mymotherboughtmeanewdress.→Iwasboughtanewdress(bymymother).→Anewdresswasboughtforme(bymymother).Theteachershowedusaninterestingvideo.→Wewereshownaninterestingvideo(bytheteacher).→Aninterestingvideowasshowntous(bytheteacher).注意：常用動(dòng)詞+介詞搭配：tolend...send,show,tell,offer，pass，lend...for：buy,make,cook,choose，save，get，order...練習(xí)：Hesenthisfriendabirthdaycard.→_____________________________________________________________→_____________________________________________________________Theyofferedthevisitorssometea.→_____________________________________________________________→_____________________________________________________________Shewilltellthechildrenastory.→_____________________________________________________________→_____________________________________________________________參考答案：→Hisfriendwassentabirthdaycard(byhim).→Abirthdaycardwassenttohisfriend(byhim).→Thevisitorswereofferedsometea(bythem).→Someteawasofferedtothevisitors(bythem).→Thechildrenwillbetoldastory(byher).→Astorywillbetoldtothechildren(byher).2、含有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的句子：主動(dòng)句中帶有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)成為主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。主動(dòng)句結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句結(jié)構(gòu)：原賓語(yǔ)變主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)WecallhimTom.→HeiscalledTombyus.Theyelectedhimmonitoroftheclass.→Hewaselectedmonitoroftheclass(bythem).使役動(dòng)詞（make/have/let）和感官動(dòng)詞（see/hear/watch等）在主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)時(shí),需要還原to主動(dòng)態(tài)：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+不帶to的不定式（動(dòng)詞原形）被動(dòng)態(tài)：必須恢復(fù)to（因?yàn)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中不再有"使役/感官"的強(qiáng)制力）Shemadehimcleantheroom.→Hewasmadetocleantheroom.Isawhimtakethebook.→Hewasseentotakethebook.Theteachermadethestudentsrepeattheexercise.→Thestudentsweremadetorepeattheexercise(bytheteacher).練習(xí)：主動(dòng)：Wesawtheboyplayingbasketball.被動(dòng)：__________________________________________________________主動(dòng)：Theynamedtheship"Victory".被動(dòng)：__________________________________________________________主動(dòng)：Thebossmakesemployeesworkovertime.被動(dòng)：__________________________________________________________參考答案：Theboywasseenplayingbasketball.Theshipwasnamed"Victory".Employeesaremadetoworkovertime.注意：常見(jiàn)加賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞有感官動(dòng)詞（see/hear/watch等）使役動(dòng)詞（make/let/have等）認(rèn)知?jiǎng)釉~（consider/call/name等）例題講解例題1：時(shí)態(tài)判斷TheGreatWall_______bymillionsoftouristseveryyear.A.visitsB.isvisitedC.visitedD.hasvisited正確答案：B.isvisited考點(diǎn)解析：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)："everyyear"提示一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)語(yǔ)態(tài)判斷：主語(yǔ)"TheGreatWall"是動(dòng)作承受者→需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)=am/is/are+過(guò)去分詞做題思路：①找時(shí)間標(biāo)志→②分析主語(yǔ)是執(zhí)行者還是承受者→③選正確時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例題2：含情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)Theenvironment_______byeveryone.A.mustprotectB.mustbeprotectedC.musttoprotectD.mustprotected正確答案：B.mustbeprotected考點(diǎn)解析：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)：must/can/should+be+過(guò)去分詞語(yǔ)義判斷：環(huán)境是"被保護(hù)"的對(duì)象→需用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤：漏掉be動(dòng)詞（×mustprotected）或加to（×musttoprotect）做題思路：①看到情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（must）→②確認(rèn)需要被動(dòng)→③套用"情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+過(guò)去分詞"公式例題3：雙賓語(yǔ)被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換Mymothergavemeagiftonmybirthday.→Agift_______tomebymymotheronmybirthday.A.gaveB.wasgivenC.givesD.isgiven正確答案：B.wasgiven考點(diǎn)解析：原句結(jié)構(gòu)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）被動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：直接賓語(yǔ)（agift）變主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改為"was/were+過(guò)去分詞"（原句為過(guò)去時(shí)）間接賓語(yǔ)前加to（give/send/show等動(dòng)詞固定搭配）做題思路：①確定原句時(shí)態(tài)（過(guò)去時(shí)）→②選擇正確被動(dòng)形式→③注意介詞to/for的使用鞏固練習(xí)一、將下列主動(dòng)句改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。PeoplespeakEnglishinmanycountries.→_________________________________________Theworkersbuiltthisbridgelastyear.→_________________________________________Someonewilldeliverthepackagetomorrow.→_________________________________________Theteacherisexplainingthelessonnow.→_________________________________________Youmustfollowtherules.→_________________________________________參考答案Englishisspokeninmanycountries.Thisbridgewasbuiltlastyear.Thepackagewillbedeliveredtomorrow.Thelessonisbeingexplainednow.Therulesmustbefollowed.二、單項(xiàng)選擇Theletter_______byTomyesterday.A.writesB.wroteC.waswrittenD.iswrittenEnglish_______inmanycountriesaroundtheworld.A.speaksB.isspokenC.spokeD.spokenAnewbridge_______inourcitynextyear.A.willbuildB.buildsC.willbebuiltD.builtThewindows_______everyweek.A.cleanB.arecleanedC.cleanedD.cleaningThecake_______bymymomwhenIgothome.A.wasbeingmadeB.ismadeC.makesD.madeTherules_______carefullyintheexam.A.mustfollowB.mustbefollowedC.mustfollowedD.musttofollowTheproblem_______bytheteacheralready.A.hassolvedB.solvedC.hasbeensolvedD.wassolvedThebook_______byafamouswriterlastyear.A.wroteB.waswrittenC.writesD.iswrittenTomusually_______hishomeworkafterdinner.A.doesB.isdoingC.hasdoneD.didLook!Theboys_______basketballintheplayground.A.playB.playedC.areplayingD.wereplayingMymother_______adeliciouscakeformybirthdaylastweek.A.makesB.madeC.hasmadeD.wasmakingBythetimewearrived,themovie_______.A.startsB.startedC.hadstartedD.wasstartingI_______mygrandparentsnextweekend.A.visitB.visitedC.willvisitD.amvisitingTheroom_______rightnow.Pleasewaitoutside.A.iscleaningB.isbeingcleanedC.cleansD.cleanedThekeys_______onthetable.Canyouseethem?A.areleftB.leftC.wasleftD.leavesThemovie_______inthiscinemanextFriday.A.showsB.willshowC.willbeshownD.shownThefood_______ifyouleaveitoutside.A.willeatB.willbeeatenC.eatsD.eatenThestudents_______towearuniformsatschool.A.requireB.requiredC.arerequiredD.requiringTheoldhouse_______downlastmonth.A.waspulledB.pulledC.pullsD.ispulledThereport_______bytheteamleadertomorrow.A.finishesB.willfinishC.willbefinishedD.finishedThenewbridge_______inourcitynextyear.A.buildsB.isbuiltC.willbebuiltD.builtLook!Thestudents_______theclassroomnow.A.cleanB.arecleaningC.werecleanedD.havecleanedThisbook_______byafamouswriterlastyear.A.writesB.wroteC.waswrittenD.iswrittenBythetimewearrived,allthefood_______.A.eatsB.ateC.hadbeeneatenD.waseatingTherules_______carefullyintheexam.A.mustfollowB.mustbefollowedC.mustfollowedD.musttofollowMymother_______adeliciouscakeformybirthdayyesterday.A.makesB.madeC.hasmadeD.wasmadeTheproblem_______bytheteacheralready.A.solvesB.solvedC.hasbeensolvedD.wassolvingThechildren_______tothezoonextSunday.A.takeB.tookC.willbetakenD.havetakenThewindows_______everySaturdaymorning.A.arecleanedB.cleanC.cleanedD.havecleanedI_______myhomeworkwhenthephonerang.A.didB.wasdoingC.haddoneD.amdoing三、翻譯練習(xí)：這本書(shū)是去年出版的。（publish）______________________________________________________________________教室每天都被打掃。（clean）________________________________________