2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷：生物多樣性考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、選詞填空題要求：從每個(gè)句子中劃線的部分中，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~語填入空格內(nèi)，使句子意思完整、通順。1.Therapidextinctionofspeciesinrecentdecadeshas______scientistsandpolicymakerstoreassessthevalueofbiodiversityandtheurgentneedforconservation.A.alarmedB.fascinatedC.bewilderedD.intriguedE.perplexedF.encouragedG.overwhelmedH.persuaded2.Coralreefs,oftendubbedthe"rainforestsofthesea,"arenotonlyrichinspeciesbutalso______criticalhabitatsfornumerousmarineorganisms.A.supportB.encircleC.diminishD.isolateE.nourishF.threatenG.consumeH.surround3.Manyecologistsarguethatbiodiversityhotspotsshouldbeprioritizedforprotectionbecausethey______adisproportionatenumberofendemicspecies.A.hostB.preserveC.neglectD.exploitE.destroyF.abandonG.threatenH.consume4.Thedeclineofpollinatorpopulations,suchasbeesandbutterflies,has______thebalanceofecosystemsandraisedconcernsaboutfoodsecurity.A.disruptedB.stabilizedC.enhancedD.preservedE.deterioratedF.improvedG.supportedH.maintained5.Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciescan______itsresiliencetodiseasesandenvironmentalchanges,makingitakeyfactorinlong-termsurvival.A.bolsterB.weakenC.diminishD.exploitE.threatenF.reduceG.enhanceH.deteriorate6.Thedestructionofnaturalhabitats,drivenbyhumanactivities,has______themostseverethreatstoglobalbiodiversity.A.emergedB.declinedC.reducedD.exacerbatedE.minimizedF.mitigatedG.controlledH.stabilized7.TheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)aimsto______theconservationofbiologicaldiversity,sustainableuseofitscomponents,andfairandequitablesharingofbenefitsarisingfromgeneticresources.A.promoteB.undermineC.neglectD.exploitE.threatenF.preserveG.endangerH.disrupt8.Manyinvasivespecies,introducedintentionallyoraccidentally,have______nativeecosystemsanddrivennativespeciestoextinction.A.enrichedB.pollutedC.damagedD.preservedE.restoredF.supportedG.stabilizedH.balanced9.Theconceptof"ecosystemservices"highlightshowbiodiversityprovidesessentialbenefitstohumans,suchascleanairandwater.A.sustainsB.harmsC.neglectsD.exploitsE.threatensF.reducesG.enhancesH.deteriorates10.Conservationeffortsoftenfaceeconomicandpoliticalchallenges,buttheyarecrucialto______theplanet'snaturalheritageforfuturegenerations.A.protectB.exploitC.neglectD.destroyE.endangerF.preserveG.diminishH.threaten二、閱讀理解題要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)倪x項(xiàng)回答問題。1.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheprimarycauseofbiodiversitylossinrecentdecades?A.NaturaldisastersandclimatechangeB.HumanactivitiesandhabitatdestructionC.DiseaseoutbreaksandgeneticmutationsD.OverpopulationandresourcedepletionE.Invasivespeciesandecologicalimbalances2.Whatdoesthephrase"biodiversityhotspots"refertointhecontextofthepassage?A.AreaswiththehighestnumberofhumansettlementsB.RegionswiththemostendangeredspeciesC.LocationswiththeleasthumaninterferenceD.PlaceswiththegreatesteconomicvalueE.Zoneswiththemostdiverseecosystems3.Howdocoralreefscontributetomarinebiodiversity,asdescribedinthepassage?A.TheyprovideasourceoffoodformarinespeciesB.TheyserveasbarrierstoprotectcoastlinesC.TheycreatehabitatsforawiderangeoforganismsD.TheyhelpregulateglobalclimatepatternsE.Theyaremajorsourcesofmedicinalcompounds4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainfunctionofgeneticdiversitywithinaspecies?A.ToincreasetheriskofdiseasesB.ToreduceadaptabilitytoenvironmentalchangesC.ToenhanceresilienceandsurvivalchancesD.TolimitpopulationgrowthE.Todecreasereproductivesuccess5.WhatistheprimarygoaloftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD),asmentionedinthepassage?A.TopromotetheexploitationofgeneticresourcesB.TominimizeconservationeffortsC.ToensurethesustainableuseofbiodiversityD.ToprioritizeeconomicdevelopmentoverconservationE.Toeliminateallinvasivespecies6.Howdoinvasivespeciesimpactnativeecosystems,accordingtothepassage?A.TheyenhancebiodiversitybyintroducingnewspeciesB.TheyprovideessentialecosystemservicesC.TheydrivenativespeciestoextinctionD.TheyimprovehabitatqualityfornativeorganismsE.Theyhavenosignificantimpactonnativeecosystems7.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttherelationshipbetweenbiodiversityandecosystemservices?A.BiodiversityhasnodirectimpactonecosystemservicesB.BiodiversityonlyprovidesbenefitstohumansindirectlyC.BiodiversityandecosystemservicesaremutuallyexclusiveD.BiodiversityisessentialformaintainingecosystemservicesE.Biodiversityandecosystemservicesareunrelated8.Whatchallengesdoconservationeffortsface,asdescribedinthepassage?A.LackofscientificevidenceandresearchB.InsufficientfundingandpoliticalsupportC.OverpopulationandresourcescarcityD.NaturaldisastersandclimatechangeE.Publicindifferenceandlackofawareness9.Whatisthesignificanceofprotectingbiodiversityhotspots,asmentionedinthepassage?A.TheyarethemosteconomicallyvaluableregionsB.TheyhavethehighestconcentrationofhumanpopulationsC.TheyarethemostendangeredecosystemsD.TheyarethemostdiverseintermsofplantspeciesE.Theyarethemostimportantforscientificresearch10.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofbiodiversityconservation?A.ItisunlikelytoimprovewithoutsignificantchangesB.ItwillnaturallydeclineashumanactivitiesincreaseC.ItwillremainalowpriorityforgovernmentsandorganizationsD.ItwillimprovewithincreasedpublicawarenessandsupportE.Itwillbereplacedbymoresustainablealternatives三、句子匹配題要求：將下面的句子與對應(yīng)的段落編號匹配起來。1.Coralreefs,oftendubbedthe"rainforestsofthesea,"arenotonlyrichinspeciesbutalso______criticalhabitatsfornumerousmarineorganisms.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph42.Manyecologistsarguethatbiodiversityhotspotsshouldbeprioritizedforprotectionbecausethey______adisproportionatenumberofendemicspecies.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph43.Thedeclineofpollinatorpopulations,suchasbeesandbutterflies,has______thebalanceofecosystemsandraisedconcernsaboutfoodsecurity.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph44.Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciescan______itsresiliencetodiseasesandenvironmentalchanges,makingitakeyfactorinlong-termsurvival.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph45.Thedestructionofnaturalhabitats,drivenbyhumanactivities,has______themostseverethreatstoglobalbiodiversity.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph46.TheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)aimsto______theconservationofbiologicaldiversity,sustainableuseofitscomponents,andfairandequitablesharingofbenefitsarisingfromgeneticresources.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph47.Manyinvasivespecies,introducedintentionallyoraccidentally,have______nativeecosystemsanddrivennativespeciestoextinction.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph48.Theconceptof"ecosystemservices"highlightshowbiodiversityprovidesessentialbenefitstohumans,suchascleanairandwater.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph49.Conservationeffortsoftenfaceeconomicandpoliticalchallenges,buttheyarecrucialto______theplanet'snaturalheritageforfuturegenerations.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph410.Therapidextinctionofspeciesinrecentdecadeshas______scientistsandpolicymakerstoreassessthevalueofbiodiversityandtheurgentneedforconservation.A.Paragraph1B.Paragraph2C.Paragraph3D.Paragraph4四、判斷題要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，判斷下列陳述是否正確，正確的寫“T”，錯(cuò)誤的寫“F”。1.Coralreefsareoftenreferredtoasthe"rainforestsofthesea"becausetheyarerichinplantlife.T/F2.Biodiversityhotspotsareareaswiththehighestnumberofhumansettlements.T/F3.Geneticdiversitywithinaspeciesenhancesitsresiliencetoenvironmentalchanges.T/F4.TheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)focusessolelyontheconservationofbiodiversitywithoutconsideringsustainableuse.T/F5.Invasivespeciescanenrichnativeecosystemsbyintroducingnewspecies.T/F6.Thedestructionofnaturalhabitatsisprimarilycausedbynaturaldisasters.T/F7.Ecosystemservicesarebenefitsthatbiodiversityprovidestohumans,suchascleanairandwater.T/F8.Conservationeffortsarenotchallengedbyeconomicandpoliticalissues.T/F9.Protectingbiodiversityhotspotsisunnecessarybecausetheyarealreadywell-protected.T/F10.Therapidextinctionofspecieshasnotsignificantlyimpactedscientistsandpolicymakers.T/F五、簡答題要求：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，回答下列問題。1.Whatarethemainthreatstoglobalbiodiversity,andhowdotheyimpactecosystems?2.Explaintheimportanceofgeneticdiversitywithinaspeciesanditsroleinlong-termsurvival.3.DescribetheprimarygoalsoftheConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)andhowtheycontributetobiodiversityconservation.4.Howdoinvasivespeciesaffectnativeecosystems,andwhatcanbedonetomitigatetheirimpact?5.Discusstheconceptof"ecosystemservices"andhowbiodiversitycontributestotheseservices.6.Whyarebiodiversityhotspotsconsideredpriorityareasforconservation,andwhatmakesthemunique?7.Whatchallengesdoconservationeffortsface,andhowcanthesechallengesbeaddressed?8.Explaintherelationshipbetweenbiodiversityandecosystemservices,andwhyitisimportanttoprotectbiodiversity.9.Howdohumanactivitiescontributetothedeclineofpollinatorpopulations,andwhataretheconsequences?10.Whatdoesthefutureholdforbiodiversityconservation,andwhatstepscanbetakentoensureitssuccess?本次試卷答案如下一、選詞填空題1.A.alarmed解析：句意“近年來物種的快速滅絕已經(jīng)______科學(xué)家和政策制定者重新評估生物多樣性的價(jià)值以及保護(hù)生物多樣性的緊迫性。”根據(jù)上下文，物種滅絕應(yīng)該是引起警覺，所以“alarmed”（引起警覺的）最合適。2.E.nourish解析：句意“珊瑚礁，常被稱為“海洋中的熱帶雨林”，不僅物種豐富，而且______眾多海洋生物的關(guān)鍵棲息地?！鄙汉鹘笧楹Ｑ笊锾峁B(yǎng)分和生存空間，所以“nourish”（滋養(yǎng)）最符合語境。3.B.preserve解析：句意“許多生態(tài)學(xué)家認(rèn)為，生物多樣性熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)應(yīng)該優(yōu)先保護(hù)，因?yàn)樗鼈僟_____不成比例的特有種。”熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)需要保護(hù)以維持物種，所以“preserve”（保護(hù)）最恰當(dāng)。4.A.disrupted解析：句意“傳粉者（如蜜蜂和蝴蝶）數(shù)量的下降已經(jīng)______生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡，并引發(fā)了關(guān)于糧食安全的擔(dān)憂?！眰鞣壅邷p少會破壞生態(tài)平衡，所以“disrupted”（破壞）最符合句意。5.G.enhance解析：句意“物種內(nèi)的遺傳多樣性可以______其對疾病和環(huán)境變化的適應(yīng)力，使其成為長期生存的關(guān)鍵因素?！边z傳多樣性越高，適應(yīng)力越強(qiáng)，所以“enhance”（增強(qiáng)）最合適。6.D.exacerbated解析：句意“自然棲息地的破壞，由人類活動(dòng)驅(qū)動(dòng)，已經(jīng)______對全球生物多樣性的最嚴(yán)重威脅?！比祟惢顒?dòng)加劇了棲息地破壞，所以“exacerbated”（加?。┳罘险Z境。7.A.promote解析：句意“《生物多樣性公約》（CBD）旨在______生物多樣性的保護(hù)、其組成部分的可持續(xù)利用以及源于遺傳資源的惠益的公平和公正分享?！惫s的目標(biāo)是促進(jìn)保護(hù)，所以“promote”（促進(jìn)）最恰當(dāng)。8.C.damaged解析：句意“許多入侵物種，有意或無意地被引入，已經(jīng)______原生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)并導(dǎo)致原生物種滅絕?！比肭治锓N通常對原生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成損害，所以“damaged”（損害）最符合句意。9.A.sustains解析：句意“生物多樣性的概念“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)”突出了生物多樣性如何為人類提供基本益處，例如清潔的空氣和水。”生物多樣性維持了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)，所以“sustains”（維持）最合適。10.F.preserve解析：句意“盡管保護(hù)工作常常面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治挑戰(zhàn)，但它們對于______地球的自然遺產(chǎn)以留給子孫后代至關(guān)重要?！北Ｗo(hù)工作的目的是保護(hù)遺產(chǎn)，所以“preserve”（保護(hù)）最恰當(dāng)。二、閱讀理解題1.B.Humanactivitiesandhabitatdestruction解析：根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，生物多樣性喪失的主要原因是人類活動(dòng)和棲息地破壞，這與選項(xiàng)B一致。2.B.Regionswiththemostendangeredspecies解析：文章中提到生物多樣性熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)擁有不成比例的特有種，這意味著這些地區(qū)物種最瀕危，所以選項(xiàng)B最符合。3.C.Theycreatehabitatsforawiderangeoforganisms解析：文章指出珊瑚礁為多種海洋生物提供棲息地，與選項(xiàng)C一致。4.C.Toenhanceresilienceandsurvivalchances解析：文章說明遺傳多樣性增強(qiáng)物種對疾病和環(huán)境變化的適應(yīng)力，所以選項(xiàng)C最符合。5.C.Toensurethesustainableuseofbiodiversity解析：CBD的目標(biāo)包括生物多樣性的可持續(xù)利用，與選項(xiàng)C一致。6.C.Theydrivenativespeciestoextinction解析：文章提到入侵物種破壞原生生態(tài)系統(tǒng)并導(dǎo)致原生物種滅絕，所以選項(xiàng)C最符合。7.D.Itwillimprovewithincreasedpublicawarenessandsupport解析：文章暗示未來生物多樣性保護(hù)需要公眾意識和支持，所以選項(xiàng)D最符合。8.B.Insufficientfundingandpoliticalsupport解析：文章提到保護(hù)工作面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治挑戰(zhàn)，與選項(xiàng)B一致。9.B.Theyhavethehighestconcentrationofendemicspecies解析：生物多樣性熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)特有種最多，所以選項(xiàng)B最符合。10.D.Itwillimprovewithincreasedpublicawarenessandsupport解析：文章暗示未來生物多樣性保護(hù)需要公眾意識和支持，所以選項(xiàng)D最符合。三、句子匹配題1.B.Paragraph2解析：句子描述珊瑚礁的多樣性和重要性，與段落2內(nèi)容一致。2.C.Paragraph3解析：句子討論生物多樣性熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)的保護(hù)，與段落3內(nèi)容一致。3.A.Paragraph1解析：句子提到傳粉者數(shù)量下降對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響，與段落1內(nèi)容一致。4