2025年托?？荚囬喿x真題模擬模擬試卷英語(yǔ)精英提升考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、詞匯選擇要求：下面每道題中，都有一段文字，文中括號(hào)內(nèi)都有一個(gè)詞，請(qǐng)你從每題四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以替換括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞，且使文意保持最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~。注意：可能有多個(gè)選項(xiàng)詞義相近，但只有一個(gè)是最佳的。1.The(abundant)wildlifeinthisnationalparkattractsthousandsoftouristseveryyear,whocometoobservethediversespeciesintheirnaturalhabitat.A.scarceB.limitedC.abundantD.rare解析：這道題考察的是詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的具體運(yùn)用。你看，括號(hào)里的"abundant"意思是“豐富的、大量的”，這里指的是國(guó)家公園里有很多野生動(dòng)物，所以選C“豐富的”最合適。A“稀缺的”明顯不對(duì)，B“有限的”也不如C準(zhǔn)確，D“罕見(jiàn)的”雖然也有“多”的意思，但更側(cè)重于“難得見(jiàn)到”，不如C貼切。想想看，游客去國(guó)家公園，不就是想看那種“到處都是”的動(dòng)物嘛，用“豐富的”再好不過(guò)了。2.Despitethe(persistence)oftheproblem,theteamremainedoptimisticandcontinuedtoworktirelesslytowardasolution.A.recurrenceB.persistenceC.sporadicD.inconsistency解析：這里括號(hào)里的詞是“persistence”，意思是“堅(jiān)持、持續(xù)”。你看，團(tuán)隊(duì)面對(duì)難題不放棄，一直在努力，這就是“堅(jiān)持”的意思。A“復(fù)發(fā)”跟語(yǔ)境完全不符，C“零星的”和D“不一致”更不合適，只有B“堅(jiān)持”最貼切。想想你平時(shí)遇到困難時(shí)，是馬上放棄還是堅(jiān)持到底？這道題就是考察這種“不輕易言敗”的精神。3.The(subsequent)reportrevealedthattheinitialfindingshadbeensignificantlymisinterpretedbytheresearchers.A.preliminaryB.subsequentC.preliminaryD.concurrent解析：括號(hào)里的詞是“subsequent”，意思是“隨后的、接下來(lái)的”。你看，報(bào)告是在最初報(bào)告之后才出來(lái)的，所以用“隨后的”最準(zhǔn)確。A和C都是“初步的”，明顯不對(duì)；D是“同時(shí)的”，也不符合報(bào)告的先后順序。想想你寫(xiě)論文時(shí)，是不是先有初稿，再有修改稿？這道題就是考察這種“時(shí)間順序”的概念。4.The(prevalent)beliefamongthecommunitymemberswasthatthenewpolicywouldleadtoincreasedtaxes,despitethegovernment'sreassurances.A.prevalentB.contentiousC.obscureD.marginalized解析：括號(hào)里的詞是“prevalent”，意思是“盛行的、流行的”。你看，社區(qū)居民普遍認(rèn)為政策會(huì)漲價(jià)，這就是一種“流行”的觀點(diǎn)。B“有爭(zhēng)議的”雖然也可能，但不是詞的本意；C“模糊的”和D“邊緣化的”更不符合語(yǔ)境。想想你平時(shí)聽(tīng)到的各種說(shuō)法，有些是“大家都在說(shuō)”的，有些是“少數(shù)人說(shuō)”的，這道題就是考察這種“多數(shù)人觀點(diǎn)”的概念。5.The(elucidate)natureofthescientist'sexplanationmadeiteasyforthestudentstounderstandthecomplexscientificconcepts.A.clarifyB.elucidateC.complicateD.confuse解析：括號(hào)里的詞是“elucidate”，意思是“闡明、解釋清楚”。你看，科學(xué)家解釋得讓同學(xué)們明白，這就是“闡明”的意思。A“澄清”也有點(diǎn)接近，但不如B準(zhǔn)確；C“復(fù)雜化”和D“迷惑”更不符合語(yǔ)境。想想你上課時(shí)，老師是越講越清楚還是越講越亂？這道題就是考察這種“把復(fù)雜問(wèn)題講簡(jiǎn)單”的能力。二、閱讀理解要求：下面有五篇文章，每篇文章后面都有幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題，選擇最符合文意的選項(xiàng)。注意：每個(gè)問(wèn)題只有一個(gè)最佳答案。1.TheImpactofSocialMediaonTeenagersSocialmediahasbecomeanintegralpartofmodernlife,especiallyforteenagers.PlatformslikeInstagram,Facebook,andTikTokhavetransformedhowyoungpeoplecommunicate,shareinformation,andperceivetheworldaroundthem.Whilesocialmediaoffersnumerousbenefits,suchasstayingconnectedwithfriendsandfamily,italsoposessignificantchallenges,includingcyberbullying,privacyconcerns,andthepotentialforaddiction.Accordingtoarecentstudy,over85%ofteenagersusesocialmediadaily,withtheaverageuserspendingmorethanthreehoursperdayontheseplatforms.Thestudyalsofoundthatsocialmediausageisstronglylinkedtomentalhealthissues,suchasanxietyanddepression.However,it'simportanttonotethattherelationshipbetweensocialmediaandmentalhealthiscomplexandnotfullyunderstood.Proponentsofsocialmediaarguethatitprovidesavaluableoutletforself-expressionandcreativity.Manyteenagersusetheseplatformstosharetheirthoughts,talents,andexperienceswithawideraudience.Additionally,socialmediacanbeapowerfultoolforsocialactivism,allowingyoungpeopletoraiseawarenessaboutimportantissuesandmobilizesupportforcausestheycareabout.Ontheotherhand,criticsofsocialmediahighlightitspotentialnegativeeffects.Cyberbullying,forinstance,hasbecomeaseriousproblem,withmanyteenagersexperiencingharassmentandabuseonline.Privacyconcernsarealsoamajorissue,aspersonalinformationisoftensharedwithoutpropersafeguards.Moreover,theconstantneedtochecksocialmediacanleadtoaddiction,affectingacademicperformanceandoverallwell-being.Inconclusion,socialmediahasaprofoundimpactonteenagers'lives,offeringbothopportunitiesandchallenges.Whileitcanbeapositiveforcewhenusedresponsibly,it'sessentialforteenagers,parents,andeducatorstobeawareofthepotentialrisksandtakestepstomitigatethem.(1)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Socialmediaisharmfultoteenagers'mentalhealth.B.Socialmediaprovidesaplatformforteenagerstoexpressthemselves.C.Socialmediahasbothpositiveandnegativeeffectsonteenagers.D.Socialmediaisatoolforsocialactivism.解析：你看這篇文章主要講了社交媒體對(duì)青少年的影響，既有好處也有壞處。A選項(xiàng)說(shuō)社交媒體有害，這太絕對(duì)了，文章說(shuō)了也有好處；B選項(xiàng)只說(shuō)了好處，也不全面；D選項(xiàng)只說(shuō)了其中一個(gè)方面，不夠準(zhǔn)確。只有C選項(xiàng)“社交媒體對(duì)青少年既有積極影響也有消極影響”最貼切。想想你平時(shí)用社交媒體，是不是既有開(kāi)心的時(shí)刻也有煩惱的時(shí)候？這道題就是考察這種“兩面性”的概念。(2)Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorconcernregardingsocialmediausage?A.Thecostofusingsocialmediaplatforms.B.Thepotentialforaddiction.C.Thelackofprivacysettings.D.Theslowinternetconnection.解析：文章里提到了幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，你看，B選項(xiàng)“成癮的可能性”是明確提到的，比如“theconstantneedtochecksocialmediacanleadtoaddiction”。A選項(xiàng)“使用平臺(tái)的成本”沒(méi)提到；C選項(xiàng)“隱私設(shè)置的缺乏”雖然提到了隱私問(wèn)題，但不是直接說(shuō)設(shè)置缺乏；D選項(xiàng)“網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接慢”更不符合實(shí)際。這道題就是考察這種“容易被沉迷”的特點(diǎn)。(3)Whatdoesthepassagesuggestabouttherelationshipbetweensocialmediaandmentalhealth?A.Thereisaclearanddirectlinkbetweensocialmediausageandmentalhealthissues.B.Socialmediausagehasnoimpactonmentalhealth.C.Therelationshipbetweensocialmediaandmentalhealthiscomplexandnotfullyunderstood.D.Socialmediausageimprovesmentalhealth.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“therelationshipbetweensocialmediaandmentalhealthiscomplexandnotfullyunderstood”，所以C選項(xiàng)“社交媒體和心理健康的關(guān)系復(fù)雜且尚未完全明了”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“有明確的直接聯(lián)系”太絕對(duì)了；B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有影響”和D選項(xiàng)“改善心理健康”都不符合文意。這道題就是考察這種“關(guān)系復(fù)雜”的特點(diǎn)。(4)Accordingtoproponentsofsocialmedia,whataresomeofitsbenefits?A.Itprovidesawayforteenagerstomakemoneyonline.B.Itoffersavaluableoutletforself-expressionandcreativity.C.Ithelpsteenagersdevelopsocialskills.D.Itimprovesacademicperformance.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“proponentsofsocialmediaarguethatitprovidesavaluableoutletforself-expressionandcreativity”，所以B選項(xiàng)“它為自我表達(dá)和創(chuàng)造力提供了一個(gè)有價(jià)值的出口”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“在網(wǎng)上賺錢(qián)”沒(méi)提到；C選項(xiàng)“幫助青少年發(fā)展社交技能”雖然可能，但不是主要觀點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“提高學(xué)業(yè)成績(jī)”更不符合實(shí)際。這道題就是考察這種“自我表達(dá)”的特點(diǎn)。(5)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Topersuadereadersthatsocialmediaisharmful.B.Toinformreadersaboutthebenefitsofsocialmedia.C.Topresentabalancedviewoftheimpactofsocialmediaonteenagers.D.Toencourageteenagerstousesocialmediamoreresponsibly.解析：你看這篇文章既說(shuō)了社交媒體的好處也說(shuō)了壞處，比如“Whilesocialmediaoffersnumerousbenefits...italsoposessignificantchallenges...”，所以C選項(xiàng)“全面展示社交媒體對(duì)青少年的影響”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服讀者社交媒體有害”太片面；B選項(xiàng)“告知讀者社交媒體的好處”也不全面；D選項(xiàng)“鼓勵(lì)青少年更負(fù)責(zé)任地使用社交媒體”雖然可能是建議，但不是文章的主要目的。這道題就是考察這種“客觀全面”的特點(diǎn)。2.TheEvolutionofRenewableEnergyTechnologiesRenewableenergytechnologieshaveseensignificantadvancementsoverthepastfewdecades,drivenbytheneedtoreducedependenceonfossilfuelsandmitigateclimatechange.Solarpower,windenergy,andhydroelectricpowerhavebecomeincreasinglypopular,offeringsustainablealternativestotraditionalenergysources.Solarenergy,inparticular,haswitnessedremarkableprogress.Theefficiencyofsolarpanelshasimproveddramatically,withsomemodernpanelsachievingefficienciesofover20%.Additionally,thecostofsolarpanelshasdecreasedsubstantially,makingthemmoreaccessibletohomeownersandbusinessesalike.Innovationsinsolarstoragetechnologyhavealsoaddressedoneofthemainlimitationsofsolarpower—itsintermittentnature.Advancesinbatterytechnologyhaveenabledthestorageofexcessenergygeneratedduringthedayforuseatnightorduringcloudyperiods.Windenergyhasalsoseensubstantialgrowth,withlargerandmoreefficientwindturbinesbeingdeveloped.Theseturbinescangeneratemorepoweratlowerwindspeeds,expandingthepotentiallocationsforwindfarms.Offshorewindfarms,inparticular,havegainedtractionduetotheirhigherwindspeedsandgreaterenergyoutputcomparedtoonshorefarms.Hydroelectricpower,whilenotanewtechnology,continuestobeasignificantsourceofrenewableenergy.Theconstructionofnewdamsandtheimprovementofexistingoneshavehelpedtoincreasethecapacityandefficiencyofhydroelectricpowerplants.However,theenvironmentalimpactoflargedamshasledtoincreasedinterestinsmall-scalehydroelectricsystems,whichhaveasmallerfootprintandlessenvironmentaldisruption.Despitetheseadvancements,renewableenergytechnologiesstillfaceseveralchallenges.Theintermittentnatureofsolarandwindenergyrequiresimprovementsinstorageandgridintegration.Additionally,theinfrastructureforrenewableenergy,suchastransmissionlinesandchargingstations,needstobeexpandedtosupportthegrowingdemand.Policysupportandincentivesarealsocrucialfordrivingfurtheradoptionandinnovationinrenewableenergytechnologies.Inconclusion,theevolutionofrenewableenergytechnologieshasbeentransformative,offeringsustainablesolutionstothechallengesoffossilfueldependenceandclimatechange.Whilechallengesremain,ongoingresearchanddevelopmentcontinuetopushtheboundariesofwhatispossible,pavingthewayforamoresustainablefuture.(1)Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?A.Theenvironmentalimpactofrenewableenergytechnologies.B.Theeconomicbenefitsofrenewableenergy.C.Theadvancementsinsolar,wind,andhydroelectricpower.D.Thechallengesfacingrenewableenergytechnologies.解析：你看這篇文章主要講了太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和水能這幾樣新能源的發(fā)展，所以C選項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)能、風(fēng)能和水能這幾樣新能源的進(jìn)步”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“新能源的環(huán)境影響”只講了一個(gè)方面；B選項(xiàng)“新能源的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益”沒(méi)重點(diǎn)講；D選項(xiàng)“新能源面臨的挑戰(zhàn)”也是其中一部分，但不是主要焦點(diǎn)。這道題就是考察這種“新能源發(fā)展”的主題。(2)Accordingtothepassage,whathasbeenamajoradvancementinsolarenergy?A.Thedevelopmentofnewsolarcells.B.Improvementsinsolarpanelefficiency.C.Theconstructionofsolarfarms.D.Theinventionofsolar-poweredvehicles.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“theefficiencyofsolarpanelshasimproveddramatically,withsomemodernpanelsachievingefficienciesofover20%”，所以B選項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)能電池效率的提高”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“新型太陽(yáng)能電池的開(kāi)發(fā)”沒(méi)提到；C選項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)能農(nóng)場(chǎng)的建設(shè)”雖然可能，但不是主要進(jìn)步；D選項(xiàng)“太陽(yáng)能汽車(chē)的發(fā)明”更不符合實(shí)際。這道題就是考察這種“效率提高”的特點(diǎn)。(3)Whatisonelimitationofsolarenergythatthepassagementions?A.Itshighcost.B.Itsintermittentnature.C.Itslackofgovernmentsupport.D.Itsenvironmentalimpact.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“oneofthemainlimitationsofsolarpower—itsintermittentnature”，所以B選項(xiàng)“它間歇性的特點(diǎn)”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“高成本”雖然可能，但不是主要限制；C選項(xiàng)“缺乏政府支持”沒(méi)提到；D選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境影響”雖然存在，但不是主要限制。這道題就是考察這種“間歇性”的特點(diǎn)。(4)Accordingtothepassage,whatisakeyadvantageofoffshorewindfarms?A.Theyarelessexpensivetobuild.B.Theycangeneratemorepower.C.Theyhaveasmallerenvironmentalimpact.D.Theyareeasiertomaintain.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“Offshorewindfarms,inparticular,havegainedtractionduetotheirhigherwindspeedsandgreaterenergyoutputcomparedtoonshorefarms”，所以B選項(xiàng)“它們可以產(chǎn)生更多電力”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“建設(shè)成本更低”沒(méi)提到；C選項(xiàng)“環(huán)境影響更小”雖然可能，但不是主要優(yōu)勢(shì)；D選項(xiàng)“維護(hù)更容易”更不符合實(shí)際。這道題就是考察這種“發(fā)電量更大”的特點(diǎn)。(5)Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefutureofrenewableenergytechnologies?A.Theywillbecomeobsoleteasnewtechnologiesemerge.B.Theywillcontinuetofacesignificantchallenges.C.Theywillplayacrucialroleincreatingasustainablefuture.D.Theywillrequireminimalgovernmentsupport.解析：你看文章最后說(shuō)“Inconclusion,theevolutionofrenewableenergytechnologieshasbeentransformative,offeringsustainablesolutions...pavingthewayforamoresustainablefuture”，所以C選項(xiàng)“它們將在創(chuàng)造可持續(xù)未來(lái)中發(fā)揮關(guān)鍵作用”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“隨著新技術(shù)的出現(xiàn)它們將被淘汰”太悲觀；B選項(xiàng)“它們將繼續(xù)面臨重大挑戰(zhàn)”雖然可能，但不是主要趨勢(shì)；D選項(xiàng)“它們將需要最小的政府支持”更不符合實(shí)際。這道題就是考察這種“可持續(xù)發(fā)展”的特點(diǎn)。三、句子填空要求：下面有五段文字，每段文字中有五個(gè)括號(hào)，每個(gè)括號(hào)內(nèi)都有一個(gè)詞，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)上下文，選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填入括號(hào)中，使文意通順。注意：每個(gè)括號(hào)只填一個(gè)詞，且每個(gè)詞只能使用一次。1.Thediscoveryofpenicillinwasa(1)______momentinmedicalhistory,revolutionizingthetreatmentofbacterialinfectionsandsavingcountlesslives.Researchershadbeen(2)______forasolutiontoinfectiousdiseasesforcenturies,andAlexanderFleming'saccidentalfinding(3)______themoldthatproducedpenicillin(4)______aturningpoint.The(5)______ofthisantibioticquicklyspreadworldwide,transformingmodernmedicine.A.pivotalB.relentlessC.identificationD.discoveryE.impact解析：你看第一空，講的是青霉素發(fā)現(xiàn)的那個(gè)時(shí)刻，應(yīng)該是“關(guān)鍵的、重要的”，所以選A“pivotal”。第二空講的是研究人員幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)一直在“尋找”，應(yīng)該用“不懈的”，選B“relentless”。第三空講的是弗萊明發(fā)現(xiàn)青霉菌，應(yīng)該是“識(shí)別”，選C“identification”。第四空講的是這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)是“轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)”，選D“discovery”。第五空講的是這種抗生素的影響，選E“impact”。你看，這樣填下來(lái)，整個(gè)句子就通順了，講的是青霉素發(fā)現(xiàn)的重大意義。2.TheancientcityofPetrainJordanis(1)______foritsstunningrock-cutarchitecture,which(2)______hundredsofyearstocomplete.Visitorsare(3)______towalkthroughthenarrowcanyonknownasSiq,which(4)______tothefamousTreasury.Thecity's(5)______havewithstoodthetestoftime,attractingtravelersfromaroundtheworldforcenturies.A.renownedB.intricateC.allowedD.ledE.preservation解析：你看第一空，講的是佩特拉古城以其什么聞名，應(yīng)該是“著名的”，選A“renowned”。第二空講的是巖石雕刻的建筑花了多久完成，應(yīng)該是“復(fù)雜的”，選B“intricate”。第三空講的是游客被允許穿過(guò)狹窄的峽谷，選C“allowed”。第四空講的是峽谷通向著名的寶庫(kù)，選D“l(fā)ed”。第五空講的是這座城市的遺跡經(jīng)得起時(shí)間考驗(yàn)，選E“preservation”。你看，這樣填下來(lái)，整個(gè)句子就通順了，講的是佩特拉古城的聞名和遺跡。3.TheGreatBarrierReef,locatedoffthecoastofAustralia,is(1)______theworld'slargestcoralreefsystem,(2)______over2,300individualreefsand900islands.This(3)______ecosystemishometoa(4)______varietyofmarinelife,includingthousandsofspeciesoffish,turtles,andsharks.However,thereef(5)______facingnumerousthreats,suchasclimatechange,pollution,andoverfishing,which(6)______itssurvival.A.comprisesB.diverseC.fragileD.increasinglyE.endangering解析：你看第一空，講的是大堡礁是世界上最大的珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)，應(yīng)該是“包括”，選A“comprises”。第二空講的是這個(gè)系統(tǒng)包括2300多個(gè)珊瑚礁和900個(gè)島嶼，選A“comprises”。第三空講的是這個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是“脆弱的”，選C“fragile”。第四空講的是這里有許多“多樣的”海洋生物，選B“diverse”。第五空講的是這個(gè)礁正在面臨威脅，選D“increasingly”。第六空講的是這些威脅威脅著它的生存，選E“endangering”。你看，這樣填下來(lái)，整個(gè)句子就通順了，講的是大堡礁的構(gòu)成和面臨的威脅。4.TheRenaissancewasa(1)______periodinEuropeanhistory,markedbyarevivalofart,science,andliterature.This(2)______era,whichbeganinthe14thcenturyand(3)______inthe17thcentury,sawtheemergenceofinfluentialfiguressuchasLeonardodaVinci,Michelangelo,andGalileo.The(4)______ofhumanismduringtheRenaissance(5)______thewaypeopleviewedtheworld,emphasizingindividualpotentialandsecularachievements.A.transformativeB.remarkableC.lastedD.flourishingE.influence解析：你看第一空，講的是文藝復(fù)興是歐洲歷史上的一個(gè)“變革的”時(shí)期，選A“transformative”。第二空講的是這是一個(gè)“非凡的”時(shí)代，選B“remarkable”。第三空講的是這個(gè)時(shí)代從14世紀(jì)開(kāi)始到17世紀(jì)結(jié)束，選C“l(fā)asted”。第四空講的是人文主義在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期的“繁榮”，選D“flourishing”。第五空講的是人文主義的影響改變了人們看待世界的方式，選E“influence”。你看，這樣填下來(lái)，整個(gè)句子就通順了，講的是文藝復(fù)興的意義和影響。5.TheinventionoftheprintingpressbyJohannesGutenberginthe15thcentury(1)______asignificantimpactonthespreadofknowledgethroughoutEurope.Priortothis(2)______,bookswere(3)______byhand,makingthemexpensiveand(4)______accessibletothegeneralpopulation.Theprintingpress(5)______bookstobeproducedmorequicklyand(6)______,makinginformationmorewidelyavailableandfosteringthespreadofliteracy.A.hadB.inventionC.laboriousD.rareE.affordable解析：你看第一空，講的是印刷機(jī)的發(fā)明對(duì)知識(shí)傳播的影響，應(yīng)該是“有”，選A“had”。第二空講的是這個(gè)發(fā)明之前，選B“invention”。第三空講的是書(shū)是“費(fèi)力地”手工制作的，選C“l(fā)aborious”。第四空講的是它們“稀有”的，選D“rare”。第五空講的是印刷機(jī)使得書(shū)可以被更快地生產(chǎn)，選A“had”。第六空講的是它們更“便宜”的，選E“affordable”。你看，這樣填下來(lái)，整個(gè)句子就通順了，講的是印刷機(jī)的發(fā)明和影響。四、閱讀理解要求：下面有五篇文章，每篇文章后面都有幾個(gè)問(wèn)題，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容回答問(wèn)題，選擇最符合文意的選項(xiàng)。注意：每個(gè)問(wèn)題只有一個(gè)最佳答案。3.TheImportanceofSleepforMemoryConsolidationSleepplaysacrucialroleintheprocessofmemoryconsolidation,whichisthetransformationofshort-termmemoriesintolong-termmemories.Duringsleep,thebrainundergoesvariousactivitiesthathelptostrengthenandstabilizenewmemories.Theseactivitiesincludethesynthesisofproteinsthatareessentialformemoryformationandthepruningofneuralconnectionsthatarenolongerneeded.Researchhasshownthatsleepdeprivationsignificantlyimpairsmemoryconsolidation.Studieshavefoundthatindividualswhosleepforlessthansixhourspernighthavedifficultyrecallinginformationlearnedduringtheday.Thisisbecausethebraindoesnothaveenoughtimetoperformthenecessaryprocessesformemoryconsolidationduringshortsleepperiods.Additionally,sleepdeprivationcanleadtothedeteriorationofexistingmemories,makingithardertoretrieveinformationthatwaspreviouslylearned.Ontheotherhand,adequatesleepenhancesmemoryconsolidation.Duringslow-wavesleep,whichisadeepstageofsleep,thebrainisparticularlyactiveinconsolidatingmemories.Thisstageofsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwavesandisessentialforthetransferofinformationfromthehippocampustotheneocortex,wherelong-termmemoriesarestored.REMsleep,anotherstageofsleep,isalsoimportantformemoryconsolidation,particularlyforproceduralandemotionalmemories.Thebenefitsofsleepformemoryconsolidationarenotlimitedtohumans.Studiesonanimalshaveshownthatsleepdeprivationalsoimpairsmemoryconsolidationinrodentsandothermammals.Thissuggeststhattheroleofsleepinmemoryconsolidationisafundamentalaspectofmammalianbiology.Inconclusion,sleepisessentialformemoryconsolidation,helpingtostrengthenandstabilizenewmemoriesandpreventthedeteriorationofexistingmemories.Adequatesleepiscrucialforlearningandretaininginformation,makingitanimportantfactorinacademicandprofessionalsuccess.(1)Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?A.Theeffectsofsleepdeprivationonmemory.B.Thestagesofsleepandtheirfunctions.C.Theroleofsleepinmemoryconsolidation.D.Theimportanceofsleepforacademicsuccess.解析：你看這篇文章主要講了睡眠在記憶鞏固中的作用，所以C選項(xiàng)“睡眠在記憶鞏固中的作用”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足對(duì)記憶的影響”只講了一個(gè)方面；B選項(xiàng)“睡眠的階段及其功能”也是其中一部分，但不是主要焦點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“睡眠對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)成功的重要性”更可能是結(jié)論，但不是主要內(nèi)容。這道題就是考察這種“睡眠和記憶”的關(guān)系。(2)Accordingtothepassage,whathappensduringslow-wavesleep?A.Thebrainislessactive.B.Memoriesaretransferredfromthehippocampustotheneocortex.C.Thebrainsynthesizesproteins.D.Sleepdeprivationoccurs.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“Duringslow-wavesleep,whichisadeepstageofsleep,thebrainisparticularlyactiveinconsolidatingmemories.Thisstageofsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwavesandisessentialforthetransferofinformationfromthehippocampustotheneocortex,wherelong-termmemoriesarestored”，所以B選項(xiàng)“記憶從海馬體轉(zhuǎn)移到新皮質(zhì)”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“大腦活動(dòng)減少”與文意相反；C選項(xiàng)“大腦合成蛋白質(zhì)”雖然可能，但不是慢波睡眠的主要特點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足發(fā)生”更不符合實(shí)際。這道題就是考察這種“慢波睡眠的功能”的特點(diǎn)。(3)Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthebenefitsofadequatesleep?A.Itimprovesacademicperformance.B.Itenhancesmemoryconsolidation.C.Itpreventssleepdeprivation.D.Itincreasestheneedforsleep.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“Adequatesleepenhancesmemoryconsolidation”，所以B選項(xiàng)“它增強(qiáng)了記憶鞏固”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“它提高了學(xué)業(yè)表現(xiàn)”雖然可能是結(jié)果，但不是直接說(shuō)法；C選項(xiàng)“它防止睡眠不足”太絕對(duì)了；D選項(xiàng)“它增加了睡眠需求”更不符合實(shí)際。這道題就是考察這種“充足睡眠的好處”的特點(diǎn)。(4)Accordingtothepassage,whatevidencesupportstheimportanceofsleepformemoryconsolidation?A.Studiesonanimals.B.Personaltestimonials.C.Observationsofsleepdeprivation.D.Expertopinions.解析：你看文章里提到了“Studiesonanimalshaveshownthatsleepdeprivationalsoimpairsmemoryconsolidationinrodentsandothermammals”，所以A選項(xiàng)“對(duì)動(dòng)物的研究”最準(zhǔn)確。B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人證詞”沒(méi)提到；C選項(xiàng)“睡眠不足的觀察”是其中一部分，但不是主要證據(jù)；D選項(xiàng)“專(zhuān)家意見(jiàn)”更不符合實(shí)際。這道題就是考察這種“動(dòng)物研究”的證據(jù)。(5)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Topersuadereaderstogetmoresleep.B.Toinformreadersaboutthestagesofsleep.C.Toexplainthescientificbasisofsleepandmemory.D.Todiscussthebenefitsofsleepforacademicsuccess.解析：你看這篇文章主要解釋了睡眠和記憶鞏固的科學(xué)原理，比如“Duringslow-wavesleep,thebrainisparticularlyactiveinconsolidatingmemories”，所以C選項(xiàng)“解釋睡眠和記憶的科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)服讀者多睡覺(jué)”雖然可能是建議，但不是主要目的；B選項(xiàng)“告知讀者睡眠的階段”是其中一部分，但不是主要內(nèi)容；D選項(xiàng)“討論睡眠對(duì)學(xué)業(yè)成功的好處”也是其中一部分，但不是主要目的。這道題就是考察這種“科學(xué)解釋”的特點(diǎn)。4.TheImpactofUrbanizationonWildlifeUrbanizationhasbecomeoneofthemostsignificantenvironmentalchallengesofthe21stcentury,withtherapidexpansionofcitiesandtownsleadingtothelossofnaturalhabitatsandfragmentationofecosystems.Thisphenomenonhasaprofoundimpactonwildlife,affectingtheirpopulations,behaviors,andsurvivalprospects.Oneoftheprimaryconsequencesofurbanizationisthelossofhabitat.Ascitiesexpand,naturalareasareconvertedintoresidential,commercial,andindustrialzones,leavingwildlifewithfewerplacestolive,feed,andreproduce.Thishabitatlosscanleadtoadeclineinwildlifepopulations,asspeciesthatareunabletoadapttourbanenvironmentsmaystruggletofindadequateresources.Anothersignificantimpactofurbanizationisthefragmentationofecosystems.Urbandevelopmentoftencreatesbarrierssuchasroads,buildings,andfences,whichcandividewildlifepopulationsintosmaller,isolatedgroups.Thisfragmentationcanreducegeneticdiversity,makingpopulationsmorevulnerabletodiseasesandenvironmentalchanges.Additionally,itcanlimittheabilityofspeciestomigrateandfindnewresources,furtherexacerbatingtheirdecline.Urbanizationalsointroducesvariousstressorsthataffectwildlife.Noisepollution,forexample,candisruptthenaturalbehaviorsofanimals,suchasmatingandforaging.Lightpollutioncaninterferewiththeabilityofnocturnalspeciestonavigateandhunt.Chemicalpollutionfromurbanareas,includingrunofffromroadsandindustrialsites,cancontaminatewatersourcesandharmwildlife.Despitethesechallenges,somewildlifespecieshaveadaptedtourbanenvironments.Certainbirds,suchaspigeonsandsparrows,havebecomecommonincities,utilizinghuman-madestructuresfornestingandfindingfoodinurbangardensandparks.Similarly,somemammals,likeraccoonsandfoxes,havethrivedinurbanareas,takingadvantageoftheabundantfoodsourcesandshelterprovidedbyhumanactivities.However,theabilityofwildlifetoadapttourbanizationislimited,andmanyspeciescontinuetofacesignificantthreats.Conservationeffortsarecrucialformitigatingthenegativeimpactsofurbanizationonwildlife.Theseeffortsincludethecreationofurbangreenspaces,suchasparksandwildlifereserves,whichcanprovidehabitatsandcorridorsforwildlifetomovebetweenfragmentedareas.Additionally,policiesthatpromotesustainableurbandevelopmentandminimizehabitatdestructionareessentialforprotectingwildlifeinurbanenvironments.Inconclusion,urbanizationhasaprofoundimpactonwildlife,leadingtohabitatloss,ecosystemfragmentation,andvariousstressorsthataffectanimalpopulations.Whilesomespecieshaveadaptedtourbanenvironments,manycontinuetofacesignificantthreats.Conservationeffortsandsustainableurbanplanningarenecessarytoensurethesurvivalandwell-beingofwildlifeinthefaceofongoingurbanization.(1)Whatisthemainfocusofthepassage?A.Thebenefitsofurbanizationforwildlife.B.Thechallengesofurbanizationforwildlife.C.Theadaptationofwildlifetourbanenvironments.D.Theroleofurbangreenspacesinconservation.解析：你看這篇文章主要講了城市化對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的負(fù)面影響，所以B選項(xiàng)“城市化對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的挑戰(zhàn)”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“城市化對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的好處”與文意相反；C選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)物對(duì)城市環(huán)境的適應(yīng)”是其中一部分，但不是主要焦點(diǎn)；D選項(xiàng)“城市綠地在大自然保護(hù)中的作用”也是其中一部分，但不是主要內(nèi)容。這道題就是考察這種“城市化挑戰(zhàn)”的主題。(2)Accordingtothepassage,whatisoneconsequenceofurbanization?A.Anincreaseinwildlifepopulations.B.Thecreationofurbangreenspaces.C.Habitatloss.D.Improvedgeneticdiversity.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“Ascitiesexpand,naturalareasareconvertedintoresidential,commercial,andindustrialzones,leavingwildlifewithfewerplacestolive,feed,andreproduce.Thishabitatlosscanleadtoadeclineinwildlifepopulations”，所以C選項(xiàng)“棲息地喪失”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“野生動(dòng)物數(shù)量增加”與文意相反；B選項(xiàng)“城市綠地的創(chuàng)建”是其中一部分，但不是直接后果；D選項(xiàng)“遺傳多樣性提高”更不符合實(shí)際。這道題就是考察這種“棲息地喪失”的特點(diǎn)。(3)Whatdoesthepassagesuggestaboutthefragmentationofecosystems?A.Itincreasesgeneticdiversity.B.Itmakespopulationsmorevulnerable.C.Itimprovesmigrationopportunities.D.Itenhancesresourceavailability.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“Urbandevelopmentoftencreatesbarrierssuchasroads,buildings,andfences,whichcandividewildlifepopulationsintosmaller,isolatedgroups.Thisfragmentationcanreducegeneticdiversity,makingpopulationsmorevulnerabletodiseasesandenvironmentalchanges”，所以B選項(xiàng)“它使種群更容易受到威脅”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“它增加遺傳多樣性”與文意相反；C選項(xiàng)“它改善遷徙機(jī)會(huì)”更不符合實(shí)際；D選項(xiàng)“它增加資源可用性”也不符合文意。這道題就是考察這種“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)破碎化”的特點(diǎn)。(4)Accordingtothepassage,whataresomestressorsintroducedbyurbanization?A.Noisepollutionandlightpollution.B.Habitatlossandfragmentation.C.Geneticdiversityandresourceavailability.D.Migrationopportunitiesandhabitatdestruction.解析：你看文章里說(shuō)“Noisepollution,forexample,candisruptthenaturalbehaviorsofanimals,suchasmatingandforaging.Lightpollutioncaninterferewiththeabilityofnocturnalspeciestonavigateandhunt”，所以A選項(xiàng)“噪音污染和光污染”最準(zhǔn)確。B選項(xiàng)“棲息地喪失和破碎化”是其中一部分，但不是直接壓力；C選項(xiàng)“遺傳多樣性和資源可用性”更不符合實(shí)際；D選項(xiàng)“遷徙機(jī)會(huì)和棲息地破壞”也不符合文意。這道題就是考察這種“城市壓力”的特點(diǎn)。(5)Whatistheauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Tohighlightthebenefitsofurbangreenspaces.B.Todiscussthechallengesofurbanizationforwildlife.C.Tosuggestsolutionsforwildlifeconservationinurbanareas.D.Toadvocateforsustainableurbandevelopment.解析：你看這篇文章主要討論了城市化對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的挑戰(zhàn)，并提出了保護(hù)措施，比如“Conservationeffortsarecrucialformitigatingthenegativeimpactsofurbanizationonwildlife.Theseeffortsincludethecreationofurbangreenspaces...”,所以B選項(xiàng)“討論城市化對(duì)野生動(dòng)物的挑戰(zhàn)”最準(zhǔn)確。A選項(xiàng)“突出城市綠地的好處”是其中一部分，但不是主要目的；C選項(xiàng)“建議城市地區(qū)野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)的解決方案”也是其中一部分，但不是主要目的；D選項(xiàng)“提倡可持續(xù)城市發(fā)展”更可能是建議，但不是主要目的。這道題就是考察這種“挑戰(zhàn)討論”的特點(diǎn)。5.TheRoleofTechnologyinModernEducationTechnologyhasrevolutionizedthewayeducationisdeliveredandexperiencedinthemodernera.Theintegrationofdigitaltoolsandplatformshastransformedtraditionalclassroomsintodynamiclearningenvironments,offeringstudentsandeducatorsnewopportunitiesforengagement,collaboration,andpersonalizedlearning.Oneofthemostsignificantadvantagesoftechnologyineducationisitsabilitytoprovideaccesstoawealthofinformationandresources.Onlinedatabases,digitallibraries,andeducationalwebsitesofferstudentsavastarrayofmaterialstoexplore,enablingthemtoconductresearchandlearnattheirownpace.Thisaccesstoinformationhasdemocratizededucation,allowingstudentsfromdiversebackgroundstoaccesshigh-qualitylearningresourcesregardlessoftheirlocation.Anotherkeybenefitoftechnologyineducationisitsabilitytofacilitatepersonalizedlearning.Digitalplatformscanadapttoeachstudent'slearningstyle,pace,andpreferences,providingcustomizedcontentandfeedback.Adaptivelearningsoftware,forexample,canidentifyareaswhereastudentisstrugglingandofferadditionalresourcesandpracticeexercisestohelpthemmasterthematerial.Thispersonalizedapproachcanimprovestudentengagementandlearningoutcomes.Technologyalsoenhancescollaborationandcommunicationintheclassroom.Onlinecollaborationtools,suchasGoogleDocsandMicrosoftTeams,allowstudentstoworktogetheronprojectsandassignments,regardlessoftheirphysicallocation.Thisfostersteamworkandcommunicationskills,whichareessentialinthemodernwor