PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing語法感知Ⅰ.用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空1．OnafreezingcolddayinJanuary1994，JiesangSuonandajiefoundwhathewaslookingfor—agroupofpoacherswerekillingtheendangeredTibetanantelope.2．InthebattlefollowedJiesangwasshotandkilled.3．Oftenworkingatnight，thepoachersshootwholeherdsofantelopesatatime，leavingonlythebabies，woolisnotworthsomuch.4．Sometimesthereweregunfights，liketheoneinJiesangSuonandajiewaskilled.5．Meanwhile，inthosecountriestheshawlsaresold，policearegettingtoughwiththedealers.6．Ithasthousandsofvolunteersandmorethanfivemillionsupportershelpbygivingmoney.7．Inthe1980stheWWFbecameinterestedinallactivitieshaveaneffectontheenvironment.8．TheWWFhasworkedwiththeChinesegovernmentsince1980，DrGeorgeShallerarrivedtoworkwithChinesescientistsonthepandaproject.Ⅱ.完成句子1．他們上個月住過的旅館離此不遠。Thehotelisnotfarfromhere.2．這是今年上映的最好的電影之一。Thisisoneofthebestfilmsshownthisyear.3．他們到達了一個農(nóng)舍，農(nóng)舍前坐著一個小男孩。Theyarrivedatafarmhouse，asmallboy.4．他數(shù)學(xué)考試又不及格，這使他自己很失望。Hehadfailedinthemathsexamagain，.5．我們車間使用的機器是中國制造的。SuchmachinesinourworkshoparemadeinChina.語法精析定語從句在句中起定語作用，修飾某一名詞或代詞。定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞后面。定語從句分為兩類：限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。連接先行詞與從句的詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；關(guān)系副詞有where，when，why等。一、由關(guān)系代詞who，whom，whose，which，that引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系詞說明成分備注who代替人主語、賓語作賓語時可以省略whom代替人賓語whose代替人或物定語which代替物主語、賓語that代替人或物主語、賓語TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩來自一班。Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.足球是一項大部分男孩喜歡的項目。Isthereanyoneinyourdepartmentwhosefatherisapainter?你們系里有誰的父親是畫家嗎？Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.＝Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.門壞了的教室將很快會被修理。[題組訓(xùn)練1](1)用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空①Theboyisstandingthereismycousin.②Thepenmyunclegavemeismissing.③TheputerCPUdoesn’tworkhastoberepaired.(2)完成句子①Helivesinahouse(窗子朝南)．②Theman(你遇到的)justnowismyfriend.二、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作介詞賓語時，從句常由“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)。Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.＝Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾經(jīng)就讀的學(xué)校非常有名。2．若介詞放在關(guān)系代詞前，關(guān)系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關(guān)系代詞是所有格時用whose。Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.和你說話的那個人是我的朋友。TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisveryfortable.我們乘坐的去加拿大的飛機非常舒適。[題組訓(xùn)練2]介詞填空(1)Thereisamountainthetopwhichisalwayscoveredwithsnow.(2)ThisistheboywhomIplayedtennisyesterday.(3)Iboughtaputer，whichIspent4,000yuan.(4)ThisisthehousewhichMarkTwainoncelived.三、由關(guān)系副詞when，where，why引導(dǎo)的定語從句1．when代替時間，在從句中作時間狀語；where代替地點，在從句中作地點狀語；why代替原因，在從句中作原因狀語。它們的含義相當于“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和此結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。Thereareoccasionswhen(onwhich)onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。Beijingistheplacewhere(inwhich)Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)hequitthejob?這是他辭職的理由嗎？2．“fromwhere”結(jié)構(gòu)，也可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。Westoodatthetopofthehill，fromwherewecanseethetown.我們站在山頂上，從那里我們能看見那個城鎮(zhèn)。3．在定語從句中，基于意義上的需要，可以在some，any，few，several，many，all，both，none，neither，either，each，enough，half，one，two等詞之后接ofwhom或ofwhich。Intheroomtherearelotsofpeople，manyofwhomIdon’tknow.房間里有很多人，其中很多我不認識。[題組訓(xùn)練3](1)用when，where，why填空①IstillremembertheplaceImetherforthefirsttime.②Wearelivinginanagemanythingsaredoneonputer.③Hedidn’ttellherthereasonhewassohappy.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換①IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoQingdao.→IstillrememberthedayIfirstcametoQingdao.②Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?→Canyoutellmetheofficeheworks?四、限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況1．如果先行詞是all，much，little，anything，something，nothing，everything，none，some等不定代詞時，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.在場的所有人都哭了。IsthereanythingthatIcandoforyou?我能為你做些什么嗎？2．如果先行詞被theonly，thevery，theright，thesame，thelast，thebest等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞常用that(指人時，還可以用who)。ThisistheverybookthatIwanttofind.這就是我想找的那本書。Thatisthebestfilmthatwehaveseen.這是我們看過的最好的電影。Iwastheonlypersoninmyofficethat/whowasinvited.我是我們辦公室唯一被邀請的人。3．當先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much修飾時。Youcantakeanyseatthatisfree.你可以坐任何空著的座位。4．當先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級或被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。WhenpeopletalkaboutHangzhou，thefirstthatestomindistheWestLake.當人們談及杭州時，第一個想到的就是西湖。ItisthefirstforeignbookthatIhaveeverseen.這是我看過的第一本外文書。ThisisthemostbeautifulflowerthatIhaveseen.這是我見過的最美的花。5．在therebe句型中，常用that。Thereisamanthatlivesinthatvillage.在那個村莊里住著一個人。6．先行詞既有人又有物時，關(guān)系代詞用that。Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.圖畫中的小男孩和小狗非常可愛。7．當主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問句時，關(guān)系代詞用that。Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?哪些書是你給我買的？[題組訓(xùn)練4](1)(他們參觀的第一個地方)inLondonwastheBigBen.(2)Haveyoutakendowneverything(史密斯先生說的)?(3)Theytalkedaboutthepersonsandthethings(他們記起的)atschool.(4)Thisistheverydictionary(我想買的)．(5)Whoistheman(正和我們英語老師說話的)?五、限制性和非限制性定語從句定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。限制性定語從句是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確；非限制性定語從句是先行詞的附加說明，去掉了也不會影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號分開。翻譯時常常不譯作定語，而是譯成與主句并列的句子。Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.這是我們上個月買的那幢房子。Myhouse，whichIboughtlastyear，hasgotalovelygarden.我去年買的那幢房子帶著個漂亮的花園。注意關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。[題組訓(xùn)練5](1)英譯漢①Shehastwosons，whoworkinthesameschool.②Shehastwosonswhoworkinthesameschool.(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換Thatishisfather，andheworksinShanghai.→Thatishisfather，worksinShanghai.六、關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。1．a(chǎn)s和which都可以在定語從句中作主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。Hemarriedher，as/whichwasnatural.他娶了她，這是意料之中的。2．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如……，正像……”的意思。Asisknowntoall，Chinaisadevelopingcountry.眾所周知，中國是一個發(fā)展中國家。Heisfromthesouth，aswecanseefromhisaccent.他是從南方來的，我們從他的口音可以看出來。John，asyouknow，isafamouswriter.正如你所知道的，John是一個有名的作家。HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes，whichIdon’tbelieve.我不相信他去過巴黎好多次了。注意當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which。Tomwasalwayslateforschool，whichmadehisteacherangry.湯姆上學(xué)總是遲到，這讓他的老師很生氣。3．當先行詞由such，thesame修飾時，常用as。Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.我從來沒有聽過他講那樣的故事。Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.他并不像他看上去那樣傻。ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.這是我上星期丟的那本書。4．以theway為先行詞的定語從句通常由inwhich，that引導(dǎo)，而且通常可以省略。Theway(inwhich/that)heansweredthequestionwassurprising.他回答問題的方式令人吃驚。[題組訓(xùn)練6](1)用關(guān)系代詞as或which填空①Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpricepeopleexpected.②Sheisnotthesamewomanshewas.③HehaspassedtheCollegeEntranceExaminations，makeshisparentsquitehappy.④Iheardaterriblenoise，frightenedme.(2)一句多譯眾所周知，地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。①②③④高考鏈接Ⅰ.用適當?shù)年P(guān)系詞或“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”填空1．Manyyoungpeople，mostofwerewell-educated，headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.(2016·江蘇)2．Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears，noneofhasbeenproved.(2016·浙江)3．Ilivenextdoortoacouplechildrenoftenmakealotofnoise.(2016·北京)4．Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek，theweathermaybebetter.(2016·天津)5．ButmyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s，IwasthefirstWesternTVreporterpermittedtofilmaspecialunitcaringforpandasrescuedfromstarvationinthewild.(2016·全國Ⅰ)6．SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,livedfromroughly551to479B．C.，influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.(2016·全國Ⅲ)7．Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskilluponschooleducationdepends.(2015·安徽)8．Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks，nearlyhalfofwerepublishedinthe1990s.(2015·重慶)9．OppositeisSt.Paul’sChurch，youcanhearsomelovelymusic.(2015·北京)10．Itisatrulydelightfulplace，looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.(2015·湖南)11．Thenumberofsmokers，isreported，hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.(2015·江蘇)12．Creatinganatmosphereemployeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.(2015·浙江)Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1．ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.(2016·四川，短文改錯)2．Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner，thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o’clockatnight.(2013·新課標全國Ⅱ，短文改錯)3．There，Katiawillintroducemetosomeofherfriends，oneofwhohasbeentoChinaseveraltimes.(2011·重慶，短文改錯)寫作指導(dǎo)本單元的寫作目標是要描寫一種動物，這類文章屬于說明文的范疇，以“說明”為主要表達方式，用來介紹動物的類屬、生活習(xí)性、生存狀態(tài)、外貌特征等，可對描述的對象作總體概括介紹，給人以直觀的總體認識，然后進行具體說明，目的在于使人知道、了解此種動物。所以，文章多用一般現(xiàn)在時。文章應(yīng)合理安排結(jié)構(gòu)，注意行文的條理清晰，在動筆之前要想好描述順序，句與句之間怎樣銜接，段與段之間怎樣聯(lián)系。常用句式1．Ifhumanbeingsdon’tprotectendangeredanimals，they’llprobablydisappearsoon.2．...everyoneshouldetorealizetheimportanceofprotectingendangeredanimals.3．Imaginewhattheworldwouldbelikewithoutanimalsorplants.4．simportantforusto...humansandanimalsarefriends.simportantforusto...humansandanimalsarefriends.5．Weshouldprotect...from...6．Weshouldn’tbenefitfrom...7．Itiswrongtohuntfor...8．Ithasanimportanteffecton...典題示例大熊貓是中國的國寶。請根據(jù)下列提示寫一篇英語短文，介紹大熊貓。1．大熊貓是中國的稀有動物，也是世界稀有動物之一，為中國人民和世界人民所喜愛；2．大熊貓生長在山里，以竹筍為食；由于山林遭到破壞，竹子被砍伐，大熊貓覓食越來越困難，瀕臨滅絕；3．我國已經(jīng)建立數(shù)個自然保護區(qū)，但需要更多的資金；4．希望大家伸出援助之手來保護它們。注意：詞數(shù)100左右。寫作步驟StepOne審題謀篇寫作要求是根據(jù)提示描寫一種動物，寫作時應(yīng)注意下面幾點：1．確定文體：這是一篇說明文。2．主體時態(tài)：介紹時主要用一般現(xiàn)在時，提出希望時用一般將來時。3．主體人稱：主要是第三人稱。StepTwo聯(lián)想詞匯1．稀有動物 2．以……為主食 3．砍伐 4．建立；設(shè)立 5．自然保護區(qū) 6．實施 7．伸出援手 StepThree句式升級1．由于山林遭到破壞，竹子被砍伐，大熊貓覓食越來越困難。(1)，giantpandascanhardlyfindfoodforthemselves.(運用原因狀語從句)(2)，it’sdifficultforgiantpandastofindfoodforthemselves.(運用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))2．希望大家伸出援助之手來保護它們，讓這種可愛的稀有動物永遠與人類共存。(1)Wehopethatpeoplewillhelpsavethegiantpandas，mankindforever.(運用并列句)(2)Wehopethatpeoplewilllendahelpinghandtosavethegiantpandas，mankindforever.(運用sothat作目的狀語)StepFour連句成篇

答案精析語法感知Ⅰ.1.who2.which3.whose4.which5.where6．who7.which8.whenⅡ.1.where/atwhichtheystayedlastmonth2.thathavebeen3.infrontofwhichsat4.whichmadehimselfverydisappointed5.asareused語法精析題組訓(xùn)練1(1)①who/that②which/that③whose(2)①whosewindowsfacesouth②(who/whom/that)youmet題組訓(xùn)練2(1)of(2)with(3)on(4)in題組訓(xùn)練3(1)①where②when③why(2)①on；which②in；which題組訓(xùn)練4(1)Thefirstplacethattheyvisited(2)thatMr.Smithsaid(3)thattheyremembered(4)thatIwanttobuy(5)thatistalkingwithourEnglishteacher題組訓(xùn)練5(1)①她有兩個兒子，他們在同一所學(xué)校上班。②她有兩個在同一所學(xué)校上班的兒子。(2)who題組訓(xùn)練6(1)①as②as③which④which(2)①Asweallknow，theearthtravelsaroundthesun.②Asisknowntousall，theearthtravelsaroundthesun.③Itisknowntousallthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.④Whatisknowntousallisthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.高考鏈接Ⅰ.1.whom2.which3.whose4.when5.when6．who7.which8.which9.where10.which11．a(chǎn)s12.inwhich/whereⅡ.1.Thedisheseq\f(what,which/that)或whatIcookedwereMom’sfavorite.2．Havingteainthelateaft