高中英語時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)專項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)概述時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)是高中英語語法的核心板塊，直接影響閱讀理解、書面表達(dá)及單項(xiàng)選擇的得分。以下是核心時(shí)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)的關(guān)鍵梳理，需重點(diǎn)掌握：（一）核心時(shí)態(tài)梳理時(shí)態(tài)基本用法標(biāo)志詞示例一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)1.經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)；2.客觀真理；3.按計(jì)劃的將來（時(shí)刻表）always,usually,everyday;真理句；火車時(shí)刻表一般過去時(shí)過去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)（與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）yesterday,lastweek,in2020一般將來時(shí)將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；計(jì)劃/意愿tomorrow,nextyear;begoingto（計(jì)劃）；will（意愿/臨時(shí)決定）過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去某一時(shí)刻/時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作at8yesterdayevening,whileIwasreading現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.過去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響；2.從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作already,yet,ever,never;since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)；for+時(shí)間段；sofar過去完成時(shí)過去的過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（強(qiáng)調(diào)“先于過去某動(dòng)作”）bytheendoflastyear,before+過去時(shí)間；when引導(dǎo)的從句（主句過去時(shí)，從句過去完成時(shí)）現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（強(qiáng)調(diào)“持續(xù)性”）have/hasbeendoing；for+時(shí)間段（如I’vebeenstudyingEnglishfor5years.）（二）被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的核心是“動(dòng)作承受者作主語”，基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞（done）。不同時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式需結(jié)合be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)變化：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/aredone（如Thebookiswrittenbyhim.）一般過去時(shí)：was/weredone（如Theletterwassentyesterday.）一般將來時(shí)：willbedone/begoingtobedone（如Thebridgewillbebuiltnextyear.）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：have/hasbeendone（如Theworkhasbeenfinished.）過去完成時(shí)：hadbeendone（如ThecakehadbeeneatenbeforeIcame.）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+bedone（如Theproblemmustbesolved.）注意：1.不及物動(dòng)詞（如happen,takeplace,occur,appear）無被動(dòng)語態(tài)（如Theaccidenthappenedyesterday.不能說Theaccidentwashappenedyesterday.）；2.感官動(dòng)詞（see/hear/watch）與使役動(dòng)詞（make/let）的被動(dòng)需加to（如Hewasseentoentertheroom.；Hewasmadetoworklate.）；3.某些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)（如sell/wash/write/read，如Thebooksellswell.這本書賣得好）。二、專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（一）單項(xiàng)選擇（每題1分，共10分）考點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)辨析、被動(dòng)語態(tài)構(gòu)成、時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)結(jié)合。1.—HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?—Yes,I______theretwicesince2018.A.wentB.havebeenC.willgoD.wasgoing2.Themeeting______at3p.m.tomorrow.Pleasebeontime.A.startsB.willstartC.isstartingD.started3.—Whatwereyoudoingwhentherainstormcame?—I______myhomeworkinthestudy.A.doB.didC.wasdoingD.havedone4.Theoldphoto______meofmychildhood.A.remindsB.remindedC.isremindingD.hasreminded5.BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrain______already.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleftD.willleave6.Anewhospital______inourtownnextyear.A.buildsB.willbuildC.isbuiltD.willbebuilt7.—CanyouhelpmewithmyEnglish?—Sure,I______youtomorrowafternoon.A.helpB.willhelpC.havehelpedD.helped8.Thefilm______for10minuteswhenwearrivedatthecinema.A.hadbeenonB.hadstartedC.hasbeenonD.started9.—Look!Thegirl______akiteinthepark.—Howhappysheis!A.fliesB.flewC.isflyingD.hasflown10.Theclassroom______everyday.A.cleansB.iscleanedC.cleanedD.willbecleaned（二）用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（每題1分，共10分）考點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)選擇、被動(dòng)語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換、主謂一致。1.Mymotheroften______(cook)dinnerforusafterwork.2.Look!Thechildren______(play)footballontheplayground.3.Theletter______(write)bymysisteryesterday.4.We______(visit)theGreatWalllastsummerholiday.5.Bytheendoflastmonth,they______(finish)theproject.6.Theflowers______(water)bymyfathereverymorning.7.I______(learn)Englishfor6years.8.—What______you______(do)tomorrow?—I______(go)tothelibrary.9.Thebook______(sell)wellsinceitwaspublished.10.WhenIgothome,mybrother______(watch)TV.（三）短文改錯(cuò)（每題1分，共10分）考點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)一致性、被動(dòng)語態(tài)誤用、標(biāo)志詞搭配錯(cuò)誤。Lastweek,Igotothelibrarytoborrowabookabouthistory.WhenIgotthere,thelibrariantoldmethatthebookwasalreadyborrowedbysomeoneelse.Ifeltverydisappointing.Justthen,ImeetmyclassmateTom,whosaidhehadjustreturnedthebook.Iwashappyandthankhimfortellingme.ThenIwenttotheshelfandtakethebook.WhenIgothome,Istartreadingitimmediately.ItwassuchinterestingthatIcouldn’tputitdown.Ifinishreadingityesterdayandplantoreturnittomorrow.三、答案與解析（一）單項(xiàng)選擇1.B（since2018是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志，強(qiáng)調(diào)“到現(xiàn)在為止去過兩次”）2.A（按時(shí)刻表的將來動(dòng)作，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來）3.C（過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示“暴雨來臨時(shí)正在做的事”）4.A（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示“照片常讓我想起童年”，客觀事實(shí)）5.C（bythetime+過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“火車在我到達(dá)前已經(jīng)離開”）6.D（nextyear是將來時(shí)，hospital是動(dòng)作承受者，用一般將來時(shí)被動(dòng)）7.B（tomorrowafternoon是將來時(shí)，will表示“意愿”）8.A（for10minutes需用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，start是瞬間動(dòng)詞，需改為beon；bythetime+過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)）9.C（look是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志）10.B（everyday是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，classroom是承受者，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)）（二）用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.cooks（often是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)標(biāo)志，主語mymother是第三人稱單數(shù)）2.areplaying（look是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)標(biāo)志）3.waswritten（yesterday是一般過去時(shí)，letter是承受者）4.visited（lastsummerholiday是一般過去時(shí)標(biāo)志）5.hadfinished（bytheendoflastmonth是過去完成時(shí)標(biāo)志）6.arewatered（everymorning是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，flowers是承受者）7.havelearned（for6years是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志）8.will;do;amgoingtogo/willgo（tomorrow是將來時(shí)，begoingto表計(jì)劃，will表意愿）9.hassold（since是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)標(biāo)志，sell用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)）10.waswatching（when引導(dǎo)的從句用過去時(shí)，主句用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)）（三）短文改錯(cuò)1.go→went（lastweek是一般過去時(shí)標(biāo)志）2.borrowed→beenborrowed（book是承受者，用被動(dòng)）3.disappointing→disappointed（形容人的感受用-ed形式）4.meet→met（過去時(shí)）5.thank→thanked（過去時(shí)，與washappy并列）6.take→took（過去時(shí)，與went并列）7.start→started（過去時(shí)，與gothome并列）8.such→so（so+形容詞+that；such+名詞+that）9.finish→finished（yesterday是一般過去時(shí)標(biāo)志）10.plan→planned（與finished并列，用過去時(shí)）四、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)總結(jié)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)vs一般過去時(shí)：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響”（如Ihaveeatenbreakfast.我吃過了，現(xiàn)在不餓）；一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的動(dòng)作”（如Iatebreakfastat7a.m.我7點(diǎn)吃的，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)）。標(biāo)志詞區(qū)分：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用since/for/sofar；一般過去時(shí)用yesterday/lastweek/in2020。2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的“禁區(qū)”：不及物動(dòng)詞（happen/takeplace/occur）無被動(dòng)；主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞（sell/wash/write）無需加be動(dòng)詞（如Theshirtwasheswell.這件襯衫耐洗）。3.時(shí)態(tài)的“呼應(yīng)”：賓語從句中，主句用過去時(shí)，從句需用相應(yīng)過去時(shí)態(tài)（如Hesaidhewastired.）；客觀真理（如Theearthgoesaroundthesun.）無論主句時(shí)態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。4.將來時(shí)的“計(jì)劃vs意愿”：beg