選擇性必修第三冊Unit4單元要點回顧知識點1單元長難句突破1.Thesebadhabits,ifleftunchecked,couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.這些壞習慣如果不加以控制，成年后可能會導致更嚴重的壞習慣。【句式剖析】(1)ifleftunchecked是iftheyareleftunchecked的省略形式；if條件句中如果從句主語和句子主語一致，可以直接跟分詞形式。(2)例句：[例1]Ifasked,IwouldsaythatIbelongtothegenerationofhope.如果被問到，我會說我屬于希望的一代。[例2]Ifinvitedtoawedding，youwillreceiveaninvitationsixtoeightweeksbeforetheevent.如果有人邀請你參加婚禮，你會在婚禮之前六到八個星期收到請?zhí)鏈接寫作]——完成句子如果故事講得好的話，它會彰顯你的個性和背景。______________________________________________________________________________Keys：Iftoldproperly,storiesshouldrevealalotoffactsaboutyourpersonalityandbackground.【知識拓展】when，while，once，unless等引導狀語從句也有類似用法，后面可以跟現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、不定式等?！揪毩暋俊獑尉湔Z法填空①Unless__________(invite)tospeak，youshouldremainsilentattheconference.②Theresearchissodesignedthatonce__________(begin)nothingcanbedonetochangeit.Keys:1.invited2.began2.So,whenwefeelunhappyagain(cue),ratherthaneatsnacks,wecouldlistentosomeofourfavouritemusicinstead(routine)...所以，當我們再次感到不開心時(暗示)，而不是吃零食，我們可以聽一些我們最喜歡的音樂來代替(常規(guī))……【句式剖析】(1)句中的ratherthan連接并列謂語，listento和eat。(2)例句：[例1]Muchofthefoodpleasesratherthanexcites.這些食物中許多只是讓人滿意，但并不讓人興奮。[例2]Hedecidedtowriteratherthantelephone.他決定寫信，不打電話。[鏈接寫作]——完成句子我們盡快把它完成吧，不要再拖了。______________________________________________________________________________Key:Let'sgetitoverwithassoonaspossible，ratherthandragitout.【知識拓展】(1)ratherthan用作連詞，連接兩個平行結構。它構成的句型結構：prefertodo...ratherthando...寧愿做……而不愿意做……woulddo...ratherthando... 寧愿做……而不愿意做……wouldratherdo...thando... 寧愿做……而不愿意做……(2)ratherthan用作介詞，與insteadof同義。(3)AratherthanB作主語時，謂語要與A在人稱、數(shù)上保持一致?！揪毩暋俊獑尉湔Z法填空①YouratherthanI__________(be)goingtogocamping.②Iprefer__________(play)basketballratherthangofishing.Keys:are;toplay3.Themainideaissometimesstatedineithertheopeningorclosingsentence.主題有時在開頭或結尾的句子中陳述。【句式剖析】(1)either...or...為“或者……或者……;不是……就是……”之意,表示兩者之一,連接句子中兩個并列的成分。(2)例句：[例1]Whenthegirlishappy,sheeithersingsordances.那個女孩高興時,不是唱歌就是跳舞。[例2]Youcanchoosetoeithertravelwithhimortaketheticketandtravelonyourown.你可以選擇和他一起旅行或拿著這張票單獨旅行。4.Ifitweren’tforseaanimals,wewouldallstarve.要是沒有海洋動物，我們都會餓死的?！揪涫狡饰觥勘揪錇閕f引導的虛擬條件句，敘述與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設。虛擬語氣在if虛擬條件句中的運用：虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設動詞的過去式(be動詞一般用were)would/could/should/might＋動詞原形與過去事實相反的假設had＋過去分詞would/could/should/might＋have＋過去分詞與將來事實相反的假設①動詞的過去式②wereto＋動詞原形③should＋動詞原形would/could/should/might＋動詞原形【練習】——句子仿寫1.如果他們開車多走幾公里，就有可能找到一個更好的賓館。Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey______________________________________.2.如果我是你的話，我會馬上去看牙醫(yī)。_____________________________________________________________________________________3.要是我來做這件事，我會用一種不同的方法來做。_____________________________________________________________________________________Keys：1.haddrivenafewmorekilometers.2.IfIwereyou,Ishould/wouldgoandseethedentistatonce.3.IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.知識點2單元話題寫作——人物描寫本單元寫作項目是描述一個有毅力的人物，屬于人物描寫的寫作范疇。[基本框架]1．開頭(beginning)——總體介紹2．主體(body)——詳細介紹3．結尾(ending)——簡要總結[常用詞塊]1．bekeenon喜歡……2．a(chǎn)dapthimselfto...使自己適應……3．havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困難4．beeager/thirsty/dyingtodosth.渴望做某事5．gainreputationfor獲得……榮譽6．haveatalent/giftfor...有……天賦[常用語句]★精彩開頭1．AllanStewart，ofAustraliannationality，wasbornonMarch7th，1915.艾倫·斯圖爾特，澳大利亞國籍，1915年3月7日出生。2．Bornin1911inShanghai，QianXuesenisoneofthegreatestscientistsintheworld.錢學森，1911年生于上海，是世界上最偉大的科學家之一。3．BornintoarichfamilyinShanghaionNov.4th，1933，CharlesKuenKaoshowedgreatinterestindoingdifferentexperimentsduringhischildhood.1933年11月4日出生于上海一個富裕的家庭，高錕從小就對做不同的實驗表現(xiàn)出極大的興趣?！镎募丫?．Heiscleveraswellasfriendly.他既聰明又友好。2．Heissuchanhonestmanthatallthinkhighlyofhim.他是如此誠實的一個人，以至于所有人都高度評價他。3．Hismodestyleavesusadeepimpression.他的謙虛給我們留下了深刻印象。★余味結尾1．Allinall，inmyview，Yanghasagoodfutureconsideringhisabilityandfaith.總之，在我看來，考慮到他的能力和信念，楊有一個美好的未來。2．Notonlydidshemakegreatcontributionstotheworldofsciencebutsheisregardedasthegreatestwomanscientistonaccountofwhatshedid.她不僅為科學界做出了巨大貢獻，而且因為她的所作所為她被認為是最偉大的女科學家。3．Hisscientificachievementhasshapedthefoundationsoftoday'scommunication.他的科學成就為今天的通信奠定了基礎。[典例演練]請根據(jù)以下信息，介紹一位熱門人物。姓名：莫言(管謨業(yè))出生日期：1955年2月17日出生地：山東省高密市一個窮苦人家興趣愛好：自幼喜歡閱讀、書法(calligraphy)性格特征：開朗、幽默主要成就：2011年憑借《蛙》獲中國最高文學獎“茅盾文學獎”；2012年獲諾貝爾文學獎(NobelPrizeinLiterature)。評價：第一位獲得諾貝爾文學獎的中國作家，被譽為是對中國文學做出巨大貢獻的作家之一。1.使用非謂語和定語從句，翻譯人物基本信息。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.使用倒裝句，翻譯兩個個性特征。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3.在一個句子內(nèi)，使用定語從句，翻譯人物主要成就和評價信息。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.連句成文。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Keys：BornintoapoorfamilyinGaomi，ShandongProvinceonFebruary17，1955，MoYan，whoseoriginalnameisGuanMoye，showedgreatinterestinreadingandcalligraphyinhisearlyyears.What'smore，notonlyisheoutgoingbuthealsohasastrongsenseofhumor.Withatalentforliterature，hewonChina'shighestliteratureprize，MaoDunLiteraturePrizebyhisbookFrogin2011.ToallChinese'sexcitement，ayearlaterhebecamethefirstChinesewritertobeawardedtheNobelPrizeinLiterature，whichwillcertainlymakegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofChineseliterature.【課前檢查】語法填空Threeandahalfyearsago,Iwasstandingonthesidewalkwaitingtocrossthestreetwhenapickupcamethroughthecrossroad1.________(try)toturnright.Hisrateofspeedandbloodalcoholcausedhimtogouponthesidewalkandhitme.Iwasanurseandlovedmyjob,buttheinjuries2.________(leave)mewithaparalyzedarmamongotherinjuries.Thedriverwas3.________youngmaninhis20’s.Thelawwouldhavemadehiminprisonforabout10years.,thiswould4.________(obvious)nothavegotmebacktowork.Iaskedthejudgetogivegivetheminimumsentence5.________alcoholrecoveryclasses.Thisyoungmanhadbeenvery6.________(regret)andwhenIreachedouttohiminalettertryingtounderstandthecircumstancesoftheaccident,hecouldhaveignoredmyletter,7.________hecalledmeandapologizedagain.Wehaveallbeenyoungonce,andhavemade8.________(mistake).Myforgivenesshelpedmeenormously,andanyangeror9.________(punish)wouldnothavegivenmemyarmbackormyjob.Beforeyoureacttoasituation,thinkoftheconsequencesofyourreactionandremember10.________theotherpersonisahumanbeing.Keys：記敘文,作者被酒駕司機撞傷,胳膊殘廢,再也不能做喜歡的護士工作了,但她覺得再怎么生氣,再懲罰那個司機也無助于自己胳膊的康復和自己工作的恢復,所以請求法官對司機處以最低懲罰,對司機的原諒也使作者自己放下了包袱。1.trying2.left3.a4.obviously5.with6.regretful7.but8.mistakes9.punishment10.that單句語法填空1.Formostcitizens,___________(wage)aretheonlysourceofincome.2.Although38percentofthepeoplediedofdiseasesduringthe___________(expedite),Cook'sdietofproperfoodkepttherestofthemhealthy.3.Finallyoneday,Ididit,I___________(turn)downanunreasonablerequest.11.I'vealwayslookedtomyfatherfor___________(guide)onthesematters.12.Althoughwe___________(thorough)understandeachother,wehavedifferencessometimes.13.Valuethepresentmomentandrememberhow___________(fortune)youaretobealive.14.Theyplacedan___________(advertise)inthelocalpaperforasecretary.15.Nobodywasvery___________(enthusiasm)aboutit,sotheydecidedtocancelthetrip.16.Themostimportantcriterionforentryisthat___________(apply)havedesignandmaketheirownwork.Keys：1.wages2.expedition3.turned4.qualified5.assignment6.abandoned7.perseverance8.resolution9.application10.commitment11.guidance12.thoroughly13.fortunate14.advertisement15.enthusiastic16.applicants【問題查找】長難句I.教材原句考查1.AnexpeditiontotheSouthPolewiththegreatSirErnestShackleton—____________________(這是我一直夢想的冒險).2.ButIwassoenthusiasticabouttheideaofgoingalongwiththemthatIsecretlywentaboardhisship，theEndurance，and_______________________(藏在一個小柜子里).3.Wehavebeenstrugglingfordays，butthingsonElephantIslandaregoing_______________________(每況愈下).4.HoweveryonewillenvymewhenIcomebackandtellthemabout_______________________(我去過的那些神奇的地方).5.Soonafterwearrived，ShackletonleftustofindhelponSouthGeorgiaIsland，1，330kilometersaway—thevoyagewas_______________________.(這次航行太危險了，很難讓我們所有人都坐上小船).Keys:1.thisistheadventurethatIhavebeendreamingof.2.hidinasmallcupboard.3.frombadtoworse.4.theamazingplacesIhavebeento!5.toodangerousanddifficultforallofustomakeitinoursmallboats.II.選詞填空turndown;dreamof;beenthusiasticabout;setoff;becomestuckin;frombadtoworse;holdon;afterall1.Urbantrafficisgetting_______________________.2.WhentheBelgica_______________________packice,hercrewachievedtheunintendeddistinctionofbeingthefirsthumanstooverwinterintheAntarctic.3.Themanageraskedhimto_______________________whileheinvestigated.4.Shecouldnotbeartherelentlessmusicand_______________________thevolume.5.SoyoudidmakeittoAmerica，_______________________.6.We_______________________toseethePyramidsandSphinx.7.Atthetimehe_______________________becomingasoccerplayer.8.He______________________bothstudyandphysicallabour.Keys:1.frombadtoworse.2.becamestuckin3.holdon4.turneddown5.afterall6.setoff7.dreamedof8.isenthusiasticaboutIII.重點句型翻譯1.這些壞習慣如果不加以檢查，成年后可能會導致更嚴重的壞習慣。_______________________________________________________________________________2.很快，這種選擇就會自動形成一種很難改變的習慣。_______________________________________________________________________________3.好消息是，如果我們了解習慣是如何工作的，我們可以改變。_______________________________________________________________________________4.想要促使不良習慣朝著積極的方向變化，我們首先必須審視、調(diào)整我們的習慣環(huán)。_______________________________________________________________________________5.我們中的許多人試圖迅速改變壞習慣，如果我們不能馬上成功，我們往往會變得悲觀而放棄。_______________________________________________________________________________Keys:1.Thesebadhabits，ifleftunchecked，couldleadtomoreseriousoneswhentheybecomeadults.2.Soonthatchoicebecomesautomaticandformsahabitthatismuchhardertochange.3.Thegoodnewsisthatwecanchange,ifweunderstandhowhabitswork.4.Tofacilitateapositivechangeinourbadhabits,wemustfirstexamineourbadhabitcyclesandthentrytoadaptthem.5.Manyofustrytochangebadhabitsquickly，andifwearenotsuccessfulstraightaway,weoftenbecomepessimisticandgiveup.【查漏補缺】單句語法填空1．Mathistoodifficultforme_________(learn)well.2．Mikeis_________anhonestboythatweallbelievehim.3．Previousteachingexperienceisanecessary_________(qualify)forthisjob.4．Butthebasementwonoutandtheysetabout_________(try)toraisemoremoneyforthebusiness.5．Thechildwasfound_________(abandon)butunharmed.6．Ineededtosortmy_________(belong)atthattime.Keys:1.tolearn2.such3.qualification4.trying5.abandoned6.belongings【強化鞏固】I.單句語法填空1．TheChinesegovernment___________________(do)researchintovaccine(疫苗)againstAfricanSwineFeverformonths，recentlymanyhavereceivedthefirstdoses.2．Thedollar___________________(climb)steadilyallweek.3．I___________________(wait)foranhourandahalf.4．Sheisverytired.She___________________(work)allmorning.5．Jim___________________(phone)Jennyeverynightforthepastweek.6．They___________________(build)thebridgefortwomonths.7．Thetelephone___________________(ring)intheofficeallthemorning.Keys:1.hasbeendoing2.hasbeenclimbing3.havebeenwaiting4.hasbeenworking5.hasbeenphoning6.havebeenbuilding7.hasbeenringing語法填空Deardairy,IthasbeentwomonthssinceIwentintomyseniorhighschool.Thereisnodoubtthatseniorhighschoolyearsshouldbefilledwithlotsofchallenges,whichare15.___________greatsignificancetoourlearningandgrowth.Takingchancesbravelyaswellas16.___________(manage)timewiselyisofequalimportance.17.___________,effortsmatter.Ialwayskeepinmindthatthosewhomakethemostoftimeandresourceswillholdthemselvesto18.___________(high)standards.Frommypointofview,thisisallquitenewanddifferentfromlifeatjuniorhighschool,butIbelieveIwillmake19.___________.Parent-childtensionsseemquitecommonamongteenagersinseniorhighschoolandIamnoexception.Ioftenstruggleto20.___________(recognize)bymyparents.Disagreementsand21.___________(misunderstand)mayhappenoverthecourseofparent-childrelationship.Arealfriendisaperson22.___________supportwecancountonthroughthickandthin.Itislikelythatwecomefromdifferentbackground,whilewecanalsogiveeachotherencouragementand23.___________(comfortable).Friendshipisworthvaluingandrequireseffort.Ibelievethesechancesandchallengesofseniorschoollifewillbringout24.___________bestinme.Keys:15.of16.managing17.Therefore18.higher19.it20.berecognized21.misunderstandings22.whose23.comfort24.the日記。作者自從上高中以來已經(jīng)兩個月了。毫無疑問，高中生活應該充滿了很多挑戰(zhàn)，對學習和成長是非常重要的。作者相信這些高中生活的機會和挑戰(zhàn)會讓他變得更好?！菊n后練習】閱讀理解ATakeatriptooneofLondon’sthemeparksforanadrenaline-packeddayout.Fromthrillingridesthroughhistory,towildanimals—bothmythicalandreal—London’sthemeparksoffergreatentertainmentforfamiliesandgroups.UnlikemostLondonattractions,someamusementparksaren’tincentralLondon,butareeasilyreachedbytrain,coachorcar.ChessingtonWorldofAdventuresWhetherit’sadrenaline-pumpingrides,wildanimalsorunderwateradventuresyou’reafter,Chessingtondelivers.Therearethreemainsections:thethemeparkhas10themedlandswithmorethan40ridesandattractionsincludingrollercoasters,dodgemsandridessuitableforyoungerchildren.ChessingtonZoohouses1,000animalsincludingtigers,lions,giraffes,penguinsandapettingzoo.Shrek’sAdventureBoardtheDreamworks.TourBusfora4DexperiencewithcheekyDonkeyasyourguide.You’llbetakenthrough10live,fairy-tale-themedshowsincludingShrek’sSwampandamirrormaze(迷宮).Suitableforallages,butparticularlythoseaged6to12yearsold.LondonDungeonTakeascarybuthumorous90-minutejourneythrough1,000yearsofLondon’shistoryattheever-popularLondonDungeon.Thereare18interactiveshowswith20livetheatreactorsandtworidestoguideyouthroughthecity’smurkypast.WalktheWhitechapelMazewithJacktheRipper,visitamedievaltorturechamber,andbecarefulnottoloseyourheadonTheTyrantboatridewithKingHenryⅧ!KidZaniaSetyourimaginationfreeatKidZaniaatWestfieldLondon—thenewrole-playingparkforchildrenthat’stakingtheworldbystorm.Achild-sizecitycompletewithshopsandlocationsincludingafirestation,abankandatheatrestagewherechildrencanrole-playaround60differentjobsandprofessions,KidZaniaaimstoteachlifeskillssuchasfinancialliteracy,teamworkandindependence.1.Ifvisitorswanttoenjoytheexcitementofrollercoasters,theycangoto______________-.A.KidZania B.Shrek’sAdventure C.LondonDungeon D.ChessingtonWorldofAdventures2.WhomightbemostlikelyinterestedinLondonDungeon?A.Studentsstudyinghistory. B.Underwateradventurers.C.Policeofficers. D.Animallovers.3.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?A.Asciencetextbook. B.Anewsreport.C.Atravelguidebook. D.Ageographymagazine.Keys:DACBGrowingup,DekaIsmailsaidsheletlabelsdefinewhatshecouldbe.“Iwasablackgirl,fromarefugee(難民)family,”saidDeka.“ItwasasifIwasonlyallowedtoexploreinthispredeterminedbox.”Afterahighschoolchemistryclassinspiredhertothinkaboutacareerinscienceandgaveherconfidenceinthefield,Dekalearnedtoliveoutsidelabelsandbeganmakingbigplansforherfuture.NowsheisabouttobeginherfreshmanyearattheUniversityofCalifornia,planningtobecomeaprofessor.BornandraisedinSanDiego'sCityHeightsneighbourhood,DekaisthedaughterofaSomaliarefugeecouple.WhilesomemightsayDeka'ssuccesshappenedinspiteofherbackground,shewouldsaydifferently,thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobeadriven(奮發(fā)努力的),youngscientist.WhenDekawaseightyearsold,hermothergotajobbystudyinghardbackinschoolinordertosupportthewholefamily.ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.Shespentalotoftimeinthelibraryreadingbooks,anddidn'tdomanyofthethingsherpeersdid,likepartyingorhavingromanticrelationships.“IalwaysfeltlikeIhadtobetheperfectgirlformyfamily,”saidDeka.“Youhavetonotevendoyourbestbuttwotimesbetterthaneveryoneelse.Ifeltlikethewholeworldwaswaitingformetomessup.”Deka'seffortpaidoff.Thesummerbeforehersenioryearofhighschool,shewasacceptedintotheAmericanChemicalSocietyProjectSEEDProgramme.“Shebroughtbothenthusiasmandfocus,”Botham,aresearcheratthisresearchinstitute,recalled.“Shearrivedeverydayreadytowork,readytolearnandreadytoresolvenewchallengesregardlessofwhetherornotshehaddoneanythingsimilar.”Whenaskedwhatadviceshewouldgivetootherslikeher,Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don'ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobig,thisprogrammeistoocompetitiveorI'llnevergetintothisschool,”shesaid.“IwasnotsurewhetherIcouldmakeituntilIstartedseeingtheacceptancelettersrollingin.”4.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthat_________________.A.Dekawasadoptedbyarefugeefamily B.DekaspentalotoftimegoingtopartiesC.Dekabecameaprofessoraftergraduation D.Deka'sexperiencesdrovehertoworkhard5.Dekarealizedtheimportanceofeducation_________________.A.fromhermother'sexperience B.afterherchemistryclassC.byreadingbooksinthelibrary D.throughworkingattheinstitute6.Accordingtothelastparagraph,Dekaadvisedthatstudentsshouldbe_________________.A.patient B.positive C.ambitious D.enthusiastic7.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Lifeisnotallroses. B.Practicemakesperfect.C.Wellbegunishalfdone. D.Hardworkleadstosuccess.\Keys:記敘文。文章講述了難民家庭出身的黑人女孩Deka決心奮發(fā)努力,改變現(xiàn)狀,在學習和工作中奮力拼搏的經(jīng)歷。4.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的shewouldsaydifferently,thatherexperiencesshapedherandinspiredhertobeadriven,youngscientist可知是她的經(jīng)歷使她奮發(fā)努力,故D項正確。注意該題中的C項,由文章第二段最后一句可知她現(xiàn)在即將上大學,打算成為一名教授,所以C項“她畢業(yè)后成了一名教授”表述是不準確的,可排除。5.A細節(jié)理解題。第四段第二句ThatmadeDekarealizethateducationcouldmakeadifferencetoone'slife.中的That指前一句她母親的經(jīng)歷,所以是她母親的經(jīng)歷使她意識到教育的重要性,故A項正確。6.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的...Dekawarnedthemnottounderestimatethemselves.“Don'ttellyourselfthatscholarshipistoobig...I'llnevergetintothisschool,”可知Deka建議學生要敢于夢想,要有雄心,所以C項正確。7.D主旨大意題。文章講述Deka為了改變自身的狀況,舍棄了很多同齡人的娛樂、交往等活動,在學習和工作中奮力拼搏的經(jīng)歷,故可判斷故事的意圖是告訴我們勤奮造就成功。CAnobstacle(障礙)usuallyreferstoadifficultyorproblemthatpreventsyoufromachievingsomething.Whetheritwasinyourpast,oryou'representlyfacinganobstacle,youhavetoresolveit.Somepeopleavoidobstaclesordenytheirexistence.Othersletobstaclescontrolthem,andtheyfeeldefeated.Yourattitudetowardsobstacleswilldefinetheoutcomeofwhetheryourisefromthechallenge,orremainstuckinit.Herearesomereasonsforlovingobstacles.First,obstaclesgiveyoupurposes.Sometimesobstaclescanresetyourgoals.Youmighthavealwayshadaparticularwayofdoingthings,orwantedtopursue(追求)certaingoals,butwhenyou'refacedwithsetbacksordifficulties,you'reforcedtorethink,andre-examineyourpath.Youmayendupfocusingonsomethingnewandexciting.Or,youmayconcentrateonsomethingthatyouotherwisewouldn'thaveifnotfortheparticularsetback.Byhavingtoovercomeanobstacle,you'llbetryingyourbesttofulfillapurpose,ratherthanjustgoingthroughthemotions.Second,obstaclesprepareyoufortheunexpected.Obstaclesserveasguidestowheretogonext.Eventhoughobstaclescanbringoutmanynegativeemotionsinus,suchasfrustration,anger,orsadness,it'simportanttorealizethattheydon'tstopyoufromreachingyourintendedgoals.Instead,they,inaway,giveyoutimetostopandthinkifperhapsthereisanewandbetterpathtotakeandwhatyoucanprepareforwhatwillhappenalongtheway.Obstaclesshift(轉變)yourperspective.Obstacles,whetheryoulikethemornot,areunavoidable.Lifewillneverstopthrowingyounewobstacles.So,thebestthingtodoisknowhowtobetterseeanddealwiththeseobstacles,andtransformthemintoopportunitiesforself-improvement.Themoreyou'reabletoseeobstaclesasadvantagesinyourlife,thebetteryou'llbeatmanagingthem.Acceptingobstacleswillberewarding.Itwillmakeyouconstantlychangeandadapttonewsituations,allowingyoutogrowintoabetterversionofyourself.12.Whatdeterminestheoutcomeofobstaclesyouface?A.Yourownattitude. B.Yourquickadaptation.C.Youradequatepreparation. D.Youroptimisticperseverance.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?A.Actingenthusiastically. B.Actinghalf-heartedly.C.Beingmoremotivated. D.Beingmoredetermined.14.Howwouldobstaclesresultinbenefits?A.Theypreventyournegativeemotions. B.Theygiveyouadvantagesoverothers.C.Theymakeyouthinkquicklyandcritically. D.Theyallowyoutoviewthingsfromnewangles.15.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Avoidingobstaclesdoesharmtolife. B.Lovingobstaclesbenefitsalot.C.Obstaclesareactuallyunavoidable. D.Obstaclesaredouble-edgedswords.Keys:議論文,闡述的主要觀點為:以積極的態(tài)度對待人生中的障礙,因為它們有益于人的成長和提升。12.A細節(jié)理解題。由第一段第五句中的Yourattitudetowardsobstacleswilldefinetheoutcome可知決定人生障礙的最終結果的是人的態(tài)度,故A項正確。13.B推理判斷題。由畫線部分前面的ratherthanjust可知畫線部分的意思與前面的you'llbetryingyourbesttofulfillapurpose意思相反。tryingyourbesttofulfillapurpose在這里指全力以赴實現(xiàn)目標,故可推測goingthroughthemotions指并未全力去做事,而只是走過場,故B項正確。14.D細節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后兩句Instead,they,inaway,giveyoutimetostopandthinkifperhapsthereisanewandbetterpathtotakeandwhatyoucanprepareforwhatwillhappenalongtheway.Obstaclesshift(轉變)yourperspective.可知障礙會使人尋找更新、更好的途徑,轉變?nèi)丝创龁栴}的視角,故D項正確。15.B主旨大意題。本文第一段點題,指出障礙值得人們?nèi)?第二段從兩個方面闡述了障礙帶給人的好處,第三、四段總結,指出把障礙看作有利因素,克服障礙會使人得到提升,故全文的主旨是接受障礙對人有益,所以B項正確。七選五Tipsforovercomingadversity◆Beawareof,andacceptthatadversityisunavoidableinlife.36.________Toavoidorresistitwillonlymakeitpersist(持續(xù)).Everywhereyoulookintheworldthereisunmistakablestruggle.Therearefloods,tsunamis,warsanddisastersofalltypes.Althoughpainisunavoidable,sufferingisoptional.◆Buildyourinternalresources.Beforeadversityhits,workoncultivating(培養(yǎng))emotionalstrength,courageanddiscipline.Whenyoumakeyourselfawarethatcertaindifficultiesareunavoidable,youcanprepareyourselfmentallyforfacingadversityhead-on.37.________◆Buildyourexternalresources.Buildasupportsystemoffamilyandfriends.38.________Weneedsomeonetotalkto,someonetohelpeasetheburden(負擔).Youwouldbesurprisedtodiscoverhowoftenafriendhashadasimilarexperienceandcanhelpguideyouthroughthedifficulttime.◆Thatwhatdoesnotkillyouwillmakeyoustronger.Ifyoudonothaveenoughbuilt-upresilience(韌性)orexperienceindealingwithdifficulties,adversitycancrushyou.39.________Resiliencelikeanymuscleisbuiltupgraduallywithrepeatedexposuretoadversity.◆Takeinspirationandlearnfromotherswhohavedealtsuccessfullywithadversity.Therearemanyinspiringstoriesofpeoplewhoovercameseeminglyinsurmountable(無法超越的)difficulties.40.________Forexample,whenHelenKellerwasonly18monthsold,shelosthersightandhearingduetoamysteriousfever.Sheovercameherdeafnessandblindnesstobecomeastrongandeducatedwoman.A.Whetherwelikeitornot,adversityispartoflife.B.Butjustknowingafriendistherecanbemostcomforting.C.Butifyouhavesufficientresilience,itwillmakeyoustronger.D.Heprepareshimselfphysicallyandmentallyforanypossibility.E.Whenthegoinggetstough,weallneedencouragementandsupport.F.Usually,whenyou'repreparedfortheworst,theworstneverhappens.G.Theyovercameadversitytolivesuccessfullivesinsteadofyieldingtoit.Keys:說明文。文章介紹了幾條如何戰(zhàn)勝逆境的建議。36.A。設空處是對上文的進一步解釋。A項是對上文