第02講閱讀理解——記敘文

目錄

01考情解碼?命題預(yù)警2

02體系構(gòu)建?思維可視3

03核心突破?靶向攻堅4

重

知識點1描述人物的性格特征4

知識點2描述作者對事件的態(tài)度5

難

考向1考查文章標(biāo)題9

考向2考查文章大意11

考向3考查段落大意13

考點三考查細節(jié)理解題14

考點四考查寫作目的16

考點五考查猜測詞義18

04真題溯源?考向感知19

01

考情解碼-命題預(yù)警

閱讀理解之記敘文

年份卷別主題語境話題分類

2025全國1卷人與自我一位寫作教師的教學(xué)認(rèn)知突破之旅

全國II卷人與自我在醫(yī)院學(xué)校幫助患病兒童進行課業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)

新高考1卷人與社會美國獸醫(yī)采用針灸技術(shù)治療動物

2024新高考n卷人與社會舊金山捷運系統(tǒng)(BART)推出自動售貨亭提供短篇故事打印服務(wù)

浙江卷1月人與社會感受電話亭變遷

北京卷人與自我作者重拾畫油畫的信心并接受了自身局限性

新高考?卷人與自然生態(tài)機器凈化污水

2023新高考n卷人與社會UrbanSprouts花園項目幫助學(xué)生通過體驗鄉(xiāng)村生活。

全國甲卷人與自然DIY高手TerriBoltonis的技能

全國乙卷人與社會風(fēng)景攝影師

浙江卷1月人與社會在家庭中過零浪費的生活方式

北京卷人與自我作者職業(yè)成功的經(jīng)歷

天津卷人與自我成為了社區(qū)管弦樂團的首席

新高考II卷人與社會孫子把兒童讀物當(dāng)成平板電腦

2022全國甲卷人與社會GinniBalinton往南極洲的旅程

北京卷人與社會參加保護自然活動治愈好了焦慮

天津卷人與自我獲得自尊就要首先學(xué)會接受自己本來的面目

考情分析：

1.從命題內(nèi)容上看，高考命題主要從以下幾方面考查：記敘文是以敘述描寫為主要方式，以記人

敘事為主要內(nèi)容的一種文體。其主要特點為通過生動的事例來反映生活和作者的思想感情。記敘文

的表達方式常常結(jié)合了說明、議論、描寫、抒情，生動形象地講述發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在和未來的事情。

2.從命題思路上看：

記敘文最主要的特征是考查人物的性格特征，其次是細節(jié)理解，也會考查主旨大意、寫作意圖等。

記敘文閱讀材料內(nèi)容豐富多彩，總是描寫正能量的人物形象，傳遞積極向善的主題思想，有時需要

通過語言、場景、人物思想情緒的描寫來感悟弦外之音和深化主題。

預(yù)計2026年記敘文仍然是命題的必考點。復(fù)習(xí)過程中要熟練掌握記敘文的命題特點和解題方法，做到

成功拿下記敘文閱讀拿。

復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)

1.掌握記敘文的文體特征。

2.掌握記敘文的命題規(guī)律及各種題型的解題要領(lǐng)。如細節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題、主旨大意題、詞義

猜測題。

3.掌握記敘文選項的常見干擾項的設(shè)置特點及應(yīng)對策略。

02

體系構(gòu)建-思維可視

考查細節(jié)理解

■03

核心突破-靶向攻堅

PU

重?考點一考查記敘文中的人物和事件的特征?

知識點1描述人物的性格特征

高考閱讀理解中常有描述人物特點的閱讀理解題。命題人通過文章中對人物的事跡、語言、心理等進

行描述，進而讓考生推測人物的性格特征。

把描述人物的性格特征的詞一一列出，基本上考題不會超出這些詞匯，考前把它們的意思記熟。預(yù)測每

個詞需要和什么樣的事跡相對應(yīng)，這樣在考場上就能迅速地找到答案。對這種題要迅速解決，以給其他試

題提供做題時間。

【描寫人物特征的形容詞】

generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的;intelligent聰明的；智能的；有才智的；悟性強的；有

苛求的；需要高技能（或耐性等）的；費力的；要求極智力的；有理解和學(xué)習(xí)能力的；grateful感激的；

嚴(yán)的；難滿足的；impatient不耐煩的；outgoing外向helpful有幫助的;talkative健談的;athletic運動型；體

的；easy-going隨和的；organized有條理的；modest育運動的；健壯的；patient有耐心的；innovative創(chuàng)

謙虛的；optimistic樂觀的；cautious小心，謹(jǐn)慎的；新的；tolerant忍受的；positive積極的；committed

caring樂于助人的；關(guān)心他人的；體貼人的；skillful堅信的；盡心盡力的；堅定的；considerate體貼的；

熟練的；靈巧的；擅長于（at;in）;制作精巧的；ashamed慚愧的；regretful后悔的；disappointed失望

responsible負(fù)責(zé)任的；determined有決心的；modest的；amazed吃驚的；satisfied滿意的；disappointed

謙虛的；creative有創(chuàng)造力的；ambitious有雄心的；失望的；shocked震驚的；overjoyed過度高興的；

adventurous冒險的；cooperative有合作意識的；pleased滿意的；indifferent冷漠的；sorrowful悲傷的；

honest誠實的；capableadj.有能力的，有才能的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤勞的；embarrassed

confidentadj.自信的；diligentadj.勤奮的；voluntary尷尬的；proud自豪的；energetic充滿活力的；

adj.自愿的，主動的；energeticadj.精力旺盛的；courageous勇敢的；無畏的；independent獨立的；

humorousadj.幽默的；enthusiasticadj.熱情的；sensitive敏感的。

experiencedadj.有經(jīng)驗的

熟記這些人物特征的形容詞，深刻理解每個詞的含義。設(shè)想每個詞可能支撐的事實。這樣我們在考試上,

就能迅速找到正確答案。

甘國的⑥圓

關(guān)于人物的性質(zhì)特征的描述，在試題題有時出現(xiàn)兩個并列的詞。例如：Determinedand

adaptable這時要注意，考生一定要從文章找到兩個詞的相關(guān)依據(jù)，不要看到一個詞依據(jù)就做出判斷，這樣

容易出錯。

知識點2描述作者對發(fā)生事件的態(tài)度

高考記敘文閱讀理解中常有描述作者對事件的態(tài)度閱讀理解題。命題人通過文章中對文章的整體內(nèi)容

的思考，進而讓考生推測作者的寫作態(tài)度。

【解題指導(dǎo)】

把描述作者態(tài)度的詞一一列出，基本上考題不會超出這些詞匯，考前把它們的意思記熟。預(yù)測每個詞

需要和什么樣的事實相對應(yīng)，這樣在考場上就能迅速地找到答案。對這種題要迅速解決，以給其他試題提

供做題時間。

【描寫作者態(tài)度的形容詞】（選項常用詞）

ambitious有雄心的；undoubted無懷疑的；indifferentunclear不清楚的；opposed反對的；appreciativeadj.

冷漠的；unconfident沒信心的；uncaring不關(guān)心的；感激的；感謝的;欣賞的；賞識的；suspiciousadj.感

worried擔(dān)心的；satisfied滿意的；cautious謹(jǐn)慎的；覺可疑的；懷疑的；令人懷疑的；可疑的；不信任的；

favorable贊同的；doubtful懷疑的；uninterested不感持懷疑態(tài)度的；objectiveadj.客觀的；就事論事的；不

興趣的；frightened害怕的；puzzled迷惑不解的；帶個人感情的；客觀存在的；基于事實的；confused

concerned關(guān)心的；happy高興的；tolerant忍受的；迷惑不解的；conservativeadj.保守的；守舊的;（英國）

sympathetic同情的；delighted高興的；carefree無憂保守黨的；pessimistic悲觀的；disapproving不同意

無慮的；無牽掛的；不負(fù)責(zé)任的的；ambiguous模棱兩可的；skeptical懷疑的

【考場上的實用方法】

熟記這些作者態(tài)度的形容詞，深刻理解每個詞的含義。設(shè)想每個詞可能的描述事實。這樣我們在考試上，

就能迅速找到正確答案。

目向Q?

考向1考查描述人物的性格特征

甌（2024新課標(biāo)I卷）“Iamnotcrazy,saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture（針

灸）onarabbit.66IamaheadofmyIfheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhis

coworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe'llhavethelastlaugh.He'soneofa

smallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians（獸醫(yī)）nowpracticing"holistic“medicine-combining

traditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic（按摩療法）andherbalmedicine.

24.WhatdosomeofFarber'scoworkersthinkofhim?

A.He'sodd.B.He'sstrict.C.He'sbrave.D.He'srude.

帆（2022年新高考全國II卷）Sorry,kid.Thisbookisnotpartofyourhigh-techworld.Ifsanoutdated,lifeless

thing.Anantique,likeyourgrandfather.Well,Imaybeold,butI'mnothopelesslychallenged,digitallyspeaking.I

editvideoandproduceaudio.Iusemobilepayment.I'veevenbuiltwebsites.

6.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhimself?

A.Sociallyambitious.B.Physicallyattractive.

C.Financiallyindependent.D.Digitallycompetent.

例3|（2025?河北省部分學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期二輪復(fù)習(xí)聯(lián)考（三））Atfirst,Lammtriedtoputherphoneinadrawer

anddidn'tlookatitforawholeday,whichshesaid“wasveryinconvenienttoeveryoneinmylife".Ittookher

aboutayeartosellhersmartphoneandfullycommittothedumbphonelifestyle.Herdumbphoneoffersonlybasic

callingandtexting.

Still,therearecertainthingsthatmayfeelimpossibletonavigatewithoutsmartphones,sincetheyaremore

thanjusttextingandscrolling（滾動）throughsocialmedia.In2025,thesedevicesfunctionasvirtualwallets,health

trackers,identificationtools,andevenpersonalassistants.However,Lammhasfoundsolutionsforthechallenges.

“Youfigureoutthesesolutionsbyasking,9,Lammsaid,“l(fā)ikeaskingtheparkingcompanyiftheycangiveyou

anotheroptionwhenyoucan'tuseparkingmeter（計時器），andalotofthetimetheywill”

21.HowcanwebestdescribeAugustLammaccordingtothetext?

A.Responsibleandstrict.B.Determinedandadaptable.

C.Generousandcharitable.D.Fashionableandknowledgeable.

【變式訓(xùn)練?變載體】（2025屆遼寧省沈陽市東北育才學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期適應(yīng)性考試）節(jié)選

Theideaofspendingtimeabroadhadn'toccurredtomeuntilmyadvisorsuggesteditduringmyfirstyear.

Withhissupport,IenjoyedaremarkablesummerinalaboratoryinJapan,whichleftmewantingmore.So,I

appliedforaFulbrightfellowshipinPoland.Toreceivethefellowship,Ifirsthadtofindalabtohostme,and

neitherInormyadvisorhadanyconnectionstoPoland.

RelyingonGoogletotranslatelabwebsites,Ibegantosendcoldemails.Whenmyeventualhostresponded,

eagertocollaborate,Iwasthrilled.Isuddenlyfeltthepossibilitiesformyresearchcareerwereendlessandglobal.

IwasthefirstvisitingscholarmyresearchgrouphadhostedfromtheUnitedStates,andmyPolish

colleagueswerecuriousaboutwhatbroughtmetotheircountry.Thisledtomanyfruitfuldiscussionsaboutthe

similaritiesanddifferencesinhowscienceisconductedacrosscultures.Forexample,muchofthefundingin

Polandisawardedtoteamsratherthanindividuals.Thesystempromotescross-disciplinary（跨學(xué)科的）

cooperationsacrossthecountry,whichinturnshapeshowscientistsdesignandcarryoutstudies.

IlearnedasmuchaboutthehistoryandcultureinCentralandEasternEuropeasIdidscientifically.

ColleaguesrelatedfirsthandaccountsaboutchallengestheregionfacedduringtheColdWar.Manylaboratories

hadlimitedresources,andtheyrarelypublishedtheirresearchinEnglish.Thoseconditionshelpedshaperesearch

onantimicrobialtreatmentintobacteriophageandantibiotics,andPolandremainleadersintheformertothisday.

24.Whichwordsbestdescribetheauthor?

A.Helpfulanddetermined.B.Cautiousandinnovative.

C.Adventurousandinquisitive.D.Curiousandcompetitive.

考向2考查作者對事件的態(tài)度

|例（2024北京卷）WhenIwasalittlegirl,Ilikeddrawing,freelyandjoyouslymakingmarksonthewalls

athome.Inprimaryschool,Ilearnedtowriteusingchalks.Writingseemedtobeanotherformofdrawing.Ishaped

individuallettersintorepeatinglines,whichwereabstractforms,delightfulbutmeaninglesspatterns.

Insecondaryschool,artwasmyfavouritesubject.Since.IloveditsomuchIthoughtIwasgoodatit.Forthe

artO-levelexamIhadtopresentanoilpainting.Ifounditdifficult,butstillhopedtopass.Ifailed,withalow

grade.Tdbeenover-confident.NowI'dbeendeclaredtalentless.

Butotherchannelsofcreativitystayedopen:Iwentonwritingpoemsandstories.Still,Iwenttoexhibitions

often.Icontinuedmyhabitualdrawing,whichInowcharacterisedaschildishdoodling（舌L畫）.Inmy30s,Imade

painterfriendsandlearnednewwaysoflookingatart.However,Icouldn'tletmyselfhaveagoatactuallydoingit.

Thoughthesenewfriendswereabstractpaintersusingoilpaints,orwereprintmakersorsculptors,Itookoil

paintingasthetaboo（禁忌）highformIwasn'tallowedtopractice.

Onenight,inmyearly40s,Idreamedthatabigwomaninredapproachedme,handedmeabagofpaints,and

toldmetostartpainting.Thedreamfeltsoauthoritativethatitshookme.Itwasaformofenergy,givingmeback

somethingI'dlost.Accordingly,Istartedbyexperimentingwithwatercolours.Finally,Iboughtsomeoilpaints.

AlthoughIhaveenjoyedbreakingmydecades-longtabooaboutworkingwithoilpaints,IhavediscoveredI

nowpreferchalksandink.IletmylinedrawingsturnintocartoonsIsendtofriends.Itallfeelsfreeandeasy.

Un-anxious.Thistimearound,Icanacceptmylimitationsbutkeepgoing.

Becomingasuccessfulpaintercallsforbeingresolute.IrealisedIwasalwaysafraidofwantingtoomuch.

Thatdreamremindedmethatthosefearsanddesirescouldencouragemetotakerisksandmakeexperiments.

24.Howdidtheauthorfeelabouttheresultoftheartexam?

A.Scared.B.Worried.C.Discouraged.D.Wronged.

|例（2025云南省昭通市三校高三期中）Owenbeganhisexerciseplanbywalking,thoughhestartedhuffingand

puffingafterfiveminutes.Butthatdidn'tdiscouragehim.Hekeptatthewalkseveryday,alongwithsome

stretching.Oncehehadthosebasicsdown,hestartedweightliftingandhiredapersonaltrainertoteachhimand

designaroutinehecouldfollowonhisown.Thelastpiecewasfindingotheractivitiesheenjoyed,whichturned

outtobecyclingandswimming.

Inlessthanfiveyears,Owenwasabletodothreesetsof50push-upseachandwalkformileseachday.And

yes,hewasfreeofachesandpains.6<Agingwellisonlyabout20to25percentgenes,andtherestislifestyle,9,he

says.

OwenusedhisexperiencetowriteabookcalledJustMove!ANewApproachtoFitnessAfter50,inwhichhe

detailshowolderadultscansafelygetoffthecouchandaddmoremovementtotheirlives."Thinkofitas

movement,notexercise,justgetstarted,“hesays."Thekeyisslowandsteadyprogress.^^

10.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeOwen'sexercisingprocess?

A.Boringandpainful.B.Slowbutfruitful.

C.Toughanddiscouraging.D.Complexbutineffective.

【變式訓(xùn)練?變載體】

（2025?黑龍江省大慶實驗中學(xué)高三考前仿真模擬）節(jié)選

Throughthecontinuousstreamofinformationnowavailableinthemodemage,thekids'youngmindswere

filledwiththeknowledgeofdeforestation,forestfires,extinctspecies,pollutedwaterways,andcelebritiestelling

themto“dobetter”.Well-meaningbutheavy-handedprogramslaidthesebig,scaryproblemsattheirfeet,andthen

offeredlittlehelptotinyhands.Afterparticipatinginclasseslikethisforyears,Icanconfidentlyreportthatthe

resultofsuchteachingwasoftenlittlemorethanhelplessness,andcontinueddisconnectionfromnature.

80.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresentenvironmentaleducation?

A.Ambiguous.B.Indifferent.C.Favorable.D.Critical.

?考點二考查主旨大意?

記敘文主旨要義題解題指導(dǎo)

在記敘文的閱讀過程中，要注意把握人物的情感發(fā)展過程；事件的發(fā)展線索；作者思想感情的變化過

程以及時間、空間的變化。閱讀時做到不漏細節(jié)，把準(zhǔn)寓意，方能成功。

在閱讀過程中，找出“5Ws和1H”；按照線索弄清事情的來龍去脈，理解了文章的脈絡(luò)，理解整個

故事。記敘文需要事件的發(fā)展過程作支撐，一半以上的題目都會用來檢測考生對故事的了解，因此，我們

必須弄明白整件事情的發(fā)展脈絡(luò)。而其余像主旨大意、作者意圖之類的題目，集中考查對作者所發(fā)的感觸

的理解。

依附原文，切忌主觀臆斷

答題時把握文章的線索，結(jié)合文章的主旨大意，切勿主觀臆斷；

主旨大意題

1.避免主觀臆斷：在閱讀原文基礎(chǔ)上，仔細甄別選項是否與文章主題有密切聯(lián)系；

2.涵蓋性強：看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何。避免以偏概全，范圍過大或過小。

解題步驟

1.通覽全局

2,關(guān)注首尾段落：70%的記敘文在開頭點題，結(jié)尾升華

3.勾畫重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞（人物行為/情感變化/象征物）

4.分析結(jié)構(gòu)情節(jié)發(fā)展：開端一發(fā)展一高潮一結(jié)局一感悟

5.情感曲線：通過形容詞/副詞捕捉情緒變化（如：frustrated-determined—relieved）

6.定位核心要素

①主人公的關(guān)鍵抉擇或頓悟時刻

②人物關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折點（如：從沖突到和解）

③象征物的深層含義（如：brokenwatch象征時間珍貴）

④排除干擾項錯誤選項特征：□僅概括某個細節(jié)（出現(xiàn)具體人名/數(shù)字）口包含未提及的推論（出現(xiàn)must/only等絕

對詞）口與作者情感基調(diào)相悖（如文章悲傷卻選樂觀選項）

實戰(zhàn)技巧

1.標(biāo)題關(guān)聯(lián)法：結(jié)合文章標(biāo)題理解主旨（如標(biāo)題'TheGift”多指情感饋贈而非實物）

2.三問檢驗法：

①主要人物經(jīng)歷了什么？

②這個經(jīng)歷帶來什么改變？

③作者想通過這個變化說明什么？

④高頻詞統(tǒng)計：快速統(tǒng)計重復(fù)3次以上的名詞/動詞

⑤視角判斷：第一人稱故事往往包含個人成長主題

典型錯誤規(guī)避

1.混淆客觀事實與主觀意圖：避免把故事內(nèi)容當(dāng)主旨

2.過度解讀：不添加原文未有元素

目向Q?

考向1考查文章標(biāo)題

|例］（2023年新高考全國II卷）Turningsoil,pullingweeds,andharvestingcabbagesoundliketoughworkfor

middleandhighschoolkids.Andatfirstitis,saysAbbyJaramillo,whowithanotherteacherstartedUrbanSprouts,

aschoolgardenprogramatfourlow-incomeschools.Theprogramaimstohelpstudentsdevelopscienceskills,

environmentalawareness,andhealthylifestyles.

Jaramillo'sstudentsliveinneighborhoodswherefreshfoodandgreenspacearenoteasytofindandfastfood

restaurantsoutnumbergrocerystores.t4Thekidsliterallycometoschoolwithbagsofsnacksandlargebottlesofsoft

drinks,“shesays."Theycometousthinkingvegetablesareawful,dirtisawful,insectsareawfiil."Thoughsomeare

initiallyscaredoftheinsectsandturnedoffbythedirt,mostareeagertotrysomethingnew.

UrbanSprouts5classes,attwomiddleschoolsandtwohighschools,includehands-onexperimentssuchassoil

testing,flower-and-seeddissection,tastingsoffreshordriedproduce,andworkinthegarden.Severaltimesayear,

studentscookthevegetablestheygrow,andtheyoccasionallymakesaladsfortheirentireschools.

Programevaluationsshowthatkidseatmorevegetablesasaresultoftheclasses.atWehavestudentswhosay

theywenthomeandtalkedtotheirparentsandnowthey5reeatingdifferently,Jaramillosays.

Sheaddsthattheprogram'sbenefitsgobeyondnutrition.Somestudentsgetsointerestedingardeningthatthey

bringhomeseedstostarttheirownvegetablegardens.Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffect

onJaramillo'sspecialeducationstudents,manyofwhomhaveemotionalcontrolissues.4tTheygetoutside,9,shesays,

“andtheyfeelsuccessful.^^

7.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.RescuingSchoolGardensB.ExperiencingCountryLife

C.GrowingVegetableLoversD.ChangingLocalLandscape

阿耳（2021年新高考全國II卷）ABritishwomanwhowonaSImillionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld's

BestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.

AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroom

revolution（變革）."Wearegoingtomakeachange,"shesaid."I'vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingofthe

artsinourschools.^^

Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheran

up-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.

ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears.'Tve

seenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheir

faceslightup,“shesaid."Weneedartists.morethaneverinourschools.n

ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:"Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontact

withchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools.1'Itwasamistaketo

seetheartsasunnecessary,headded.

HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjust

anadd-on."Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.What

willremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,our

visionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies."

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.BringArtiststoSchoolsB.WhenHistoriansMeetArtists

C.ArtsEducationinBritainD.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacher

【變式訓(xùn)練?變載體】（2025?廣西部分學(xué)校高三模擬聯(lián)考）

Whenitcomestothebusinessofmovingelephants,Dr.AmirKhalilandhisteammightbethebest.The

workexperienceofthisEgyptiananimaldoctorincludespossiblythemostfamouselephantrelocationever.

In2020,KhalirsteamsavedKaavan,anAsianelephant,fromyearsoflonelinessatazooinPakistan.They

flewhimtoCambodia,wherehecouldliveahappierlifeatanelephantreserve.Therelocationprojectwasagreat

success.

Afterthat,therewasCharley,anAfricanelephantinSouthAfrica.CharleyhadbeenlivinginPretoriaZoo

formorethan20years.Sincehispartnerpassedawayin2020,hewasextremelyunhappy.Elephantsarevery

sensitiveanimals.Zooofficialshopedthathecouldspendhisremainingyearsinabetterplace.Hisnewhomewas

goingtobeaprivategamereserve200kilometresaway.

Charleywascaptured（捕獲）inZimbabweinthe1980s.Hespent16yearsinacircusandthen23yearsat

thezoo.Itisestimatedthatheis42yearsoldandhasbeenincaptivityfor40years.

Asananimalrescuespecialist,Khalilwasselectedforthistask.Twootherdoctors,whohadparticipatedin

Kaavan'srelocation,alsojoinedin.TheymetCharleytwoyearsagotoassesswhetherhewasreadyforrelocation

andtoearnhistrust.

TheytrainedCharleytoenteratransportcontainerbyusinghisfavouritefoodssuchaspumpkins.To

everyone'ssurprise,hewasreadyinlessthantwoweeks.

InlateAugust,CharleywasmovedtotheShambalareserve.Atfirst,hewillbekeptinaseparateareato

adapttothenewenvironment.Itisquiterareforcaptiveelephantstobereturnedtothewild.Khalilpraisedthezoo

andthegovernment.AtShambala,Charleywillbefreeandmightrecallhisearlylife.Hehasalreadystarted

communicatingwithotherelephants.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheDifficultiesDr.AmirKhalilandHisTeamHaveMet

B.Dr.AmirKhalilandHisTeam'sSuccessinElephantRelocation

C.MethodsofMovingElephantsfromOnePlacetoAnother

D.ZoosandElephantConservationAllOvertheWorld

考向2考查文章大意

|例（2023年浙江1月卷）Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatif

you9relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadytojumponthat

bandwagon.

IexperiencedthiswhenIstartedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmy

parents,andIcontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I'velearned

afewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureout

howyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.

Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBea

Johnson,sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater,

Icamebackwithmyfirstjarsofzerowastegroceries,andmydadcommentedonhowsillyitwasformetocarry

jarseverywhere.Itcameoffasabitdiscouraging.

Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmy

ownbedroom,soIworkedonremovingthingsIdidn'tneed.SinceIhadmyowntoiletries（洗漱用品），Iwasable

tostartpersonalisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedouta

bitofthecupboardformyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon'tentirelymaketheswitch,but

youmayhavesomecontroloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.

Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantingtospeakupforyourselfifothers

commentonwhatyou'redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.Ifyouhaveindividualswho

arenotonboard,yourwordsprobablywon'tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.

27.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Howtogetonwellwithotherfamilymembers.

B.Howtohaveone'sownpersonalspaceathome.

C.Howtoliveazerowastelifestyleinahousehold.

D.Howtocontrolthebudgetwhenbuyinggroceries.

亟（2018年北京卷）MyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswasinjuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,

leavingmeonlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

Irememberbacktomy7thyearinschool.InmyfirstP.E.class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsand

thenhitasoftball.Ididn'tdoeitherwell.HelaterinformedmethatIwas"notathletic".

TheideathatIwas"notathletic"stuckwithmeforyears.WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealized

runningwasabattleagainstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwasathletic.Itwasallaboutthe

battleagainstmyownbodyandmind.Atestofwills!

Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn'tevenfindthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingand

nervous,butreadytoprovesomethingtomyself.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.Notthe

startIwanted!

Atmile3,1passedasign:"GOFORIT,RUNNERS!"

Bymile17,1becameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredanklehurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthe

coursewalkingabitandthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,1wasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,1couldseemywifewavingasign.Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthe

alarmclocksoundingat4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalas

theonethattheguywhocameinfirstplacehad.zxxk

Determinedtobemyself,moveforward,freeofshameandworldlylabels（世俗標(biāo)簽），Icannowcallmyself

a”marathonwinner”.

39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.

B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.

C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

【變式訓(xùn)練?變載體】（2025.廣東省廣東省兩校高考臨門一腳考試）

MaybenooneunderstandsthepowerofimaginationbetterthanChinesewriterLiuCixin.Untilfouryears

ago,Liuwasafull-timecomputerengineeratapowerplantinShanxi.Heonlywrotesciencefictioninhisfree

time.Butitwasduringthistimethathisimaginationreallytookoff.Hedidthingshemightnevergettodoinreal

life-liketravelinginspace,fightingaliens,andvisitingfarawayplanets.

Evenwithsuchapowerfulimagination,Liu,whois55yearsold,probablydidn'texpectthathewould

becomethefirstAsiantowintheHugoAwardin2015.Thafsthetopprizeinsciencefiction.Hemightalsohave

neverimaginedthatformerUSPresidentBarackObamawouldreadhisbookTheThree-BodyProblem,orthathe

wouldwinthe2018ArthurC.ClarkeAwardforImaginationinServicetoSocietyonNovember9inWashington

DC.ThiswasthefirsttimeaChinesewriterhadeverwonthisaward.

Inhisspeechwhenheacceptedtheaward,LiusaidthathisimaginationcamefromArthurC.Clarke,a

famousUKsci-fiwriter.HesaidthatreadingClarke'sbook2001:ASpaceOdysseyintheearly1980schangedhis

life.

“Mymindopenedupinawayitneverhadbefore.Ifeltlikeasmallriverfinallyseeingtheocean,Liusaid.

“Thatnight,thenightskylookedcompletelydifferenttome.Forthefirsttime,Iwasamazedbyhowmysterious

theuniverseis.”

ButeventhoughLiu'simaginationtakeshimtofarawayplaces,hisbooksalwaysmakesense.InThe

Three-BodyProblem,forexample,hetellsastoryaboutalienscomingtoEarth.Butinsteadofjustfocusingonthe

aliens,hetalksabouthowdifferentcivilizationsinteract,therulesofsurvival,andwhatlifemeans.Inanotherbook,

TheWanderingEarth,hethinksaboutwhatwillhappenwhenoursolarsystemendsandhumansneedtofindanew

home.Butallhisideasarebasedonrealscience.Liu'sbooksaren'tjustdreams——they'regroundedinfacts.

Whafsthetextmainlyabout?

A.LiuCixin'scontributionstosciencefiction.

B.LiuCixin'sachievementsandwritingstyle.