PAGE1專題01閱讀理解

(暑假提升練)內(nèi)容導(dǎo)航考點(diǎn)聚焦：核心考點(diǎn)+高考考點(diǎn)，有的放矢重點(diǎn)速記：知識點(diǎn)和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)梳理，查漏補(bǔ)缺難點(diǎn)強(qiáng)化：難點(diǎn)內(nèi)容標(biāo)注與講解，能力提升復(fù)習(xí)提升：真題感知+提升專練，全面突破核心考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)一細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)一細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文章中的具體信息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進(jìn)行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則需要我們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。常見的命題方式通常有：1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；2.以是非題的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT，近年這種題型較少；3.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式；4.以填空題的形式，如：(1)Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised________.(2)Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat________.(3)Itseemsthatnowacountry’seconomydependsmuchon________.(4)Ifyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople’slifewillbe,youmayvisit________.(5)Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway”(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat________.(6)Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto________.5.就文中數(shù)字、排序、識圖等提問。做細(xì)節(jié)理解題時，大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培養(yǎng)自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類試題時，不必通篇細(xì)看原文，而常?？刹扇　皫е鴨栴}找答案”的方法.先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認(rèn)和記憶事實或細(xì)節(jié)，就要恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句.仔細(xì)品味，對照比較.確定答案。除了運(yùn)用掃讀法(scanning)外，還可以兼用排除法.將“無此細(xì)節(jié)”和“與此細(xì)節(jié)相反”的選項排除。了解細(xì)節(jié)題干擾選項的特點(diǎn)也有助于考生提高答題的正確率。一般情況下，干擾項有如下幾個特點(diǎn)：(1)是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；(2)符合常識，但不是文章內(nèi)容；(3)與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在程度上有些變動；(4)在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；(5)部分正確，部分錯誤。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認(rèn)不要求讀者對客觀的事實作出解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲取信息。同時還要求讀者記住重要細(xì)節(jié)，在必要的時候(做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時候)能夠準(zhǔn)確而迅速地將他們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案與原文中的語句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)相同的意思。有的細(xì)節(jié)理解題就需要通過有關(guān)詞語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時間、空間等關(guān)系將零碎的細(xì)節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的判斷。此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)?？键c(diǎn)二考點(diǎn)二詞義猜測題在英語閱讀理解中的生詞障礙往往會成為學(xué)生理解的“絆腳石”，這些“絆腳石”的出現(xiàn)大致分五類：1.舊詞新義，考查詞匯表中未出現(xiàn)的詞義；如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation’smostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30th.我們學(xué)過course的意思是“過程，課程”等，在此顯然不符句意。根據(jù)上下文course是汽車賽舉行的地方，可推斷course在該句是“車道”或“跑道”的意思。2.合成詞、轉(zhuǎn)化詞與派生詞，如shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；3.“靈活”的常用詞增多，這些詞必須根據(jù)具體的上下文語境才能正確理解；4.“新鮮”的外國人名、地名、專有名稱增多，這些詞有些帶有一定的文化背景。5.超綱生詞。有的學(xué)生在閱讀訓(xùn)練和測試中存在著“生詞恐懼心理”，一遇到生詞就有讀不下去的感覺。那么閱讀理解時遇到大量生詞該怎么辦?查詞典當(dāng)然是排除詞義障礙的一種方法，當(dāng)然這只有在平常的閱讀訓(xùn)練中才可以使用。但是，頻繁的查閱詞典既影響閱讀速度，又容易破壞學(xué)生閱讀的思路和興趣。況且，一詞多義是英語詞匯的主要特點(diǎn)，詞典不一定能為學(xué)生提供單詞在特定的上下文中的具體或確切的含義。平時的練習(xí)中遇到生詞不要馬上查詞典，可以通過一定的方法來猜測理解。猜測詞義不僅是一項閱讀技巧，也是高考閱讀能力考查的一個方面，每年在高考閱讀中都有猜測詞義的試題。掌握正確方法快速而又準(zhǔn)確地猜測出生詞的含義，對提高閱讀速度和答題效率相當(dāng)重要。該類題常見的考查形式有：1.Thephrase“…”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby____.2.Theword“…”intheparagraphrefersto____.3.Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunlinedwordmean?4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase“…”?5.Theword“…”mostnearlymeans____.對此類試題，考生應(yīng)該進(jìn)行大膽猜測，但這種猜測不是胡亂的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧?？键c(diǎn)三推理判斷題考點(diǎn)三推理判斷題推理判斷題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細(xì)節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時，考生應(yīng)在理解全文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運(yùn)用邏輯思維，同時借助一定的常識進(jìn)行分析、推理、判斷。提問整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思時，問句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest(推斷，暗指)等詞。對付這類題時我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義，和作者所給的提示。同時要對文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測和推論。關(guān)鍵是：意思要靠推斷得出，而不是原文照搬。這就要把握住文章的主題思想和每段的內(nèi)容；明確作者的觀點(diǎn)及其寫作該文的目的；分析文章里所給的有關(guān)信息；注意詞匯在詞典的定義和詞典以外的含義；最后運(yùn)用自己的知識進(jìn)行由表及里的邏輯推理，挖出文章的伏筆，得出正確的推論。這種問題的提問方式通常有：1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwecaninferthat.2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat…/Whatcanwelearnfrom…?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat…3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat…toshow.7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_________?8.Theauthor’sattitudetoward…is_________?9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas_________?這些提問方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必須根據(jù)提問中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與短文中相應(yīng)的有關(guān)內(nèi)容加以邏輯推理或演算，從而得出某些作者并未說明卻已在字里行間所暗含的意思及觀點(diǎn)。具體的說，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1.首先要注意一定要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知，遵循“詞不離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。千萬不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。2.要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。有的推斷，考生完全可以根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細(xì)節(jié)，再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識、有關(guān)背景知識或常識來幫助進(jìn)行分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論。3.要對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行挖掘加工，由表及里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分析、綜合、判斷等，進(jìn)行深層處理，合乎邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。4.要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時還要體會文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，摸準(zhǔn)邏輯發(fā)展方向，悟出作者的言外之意?？键c(diǎn)四主旨大意題5.在解答推理性問題時，一定要注意確定推理依據(jù)的位置或范圍。應(yīng)清楚所要解答的問題需要針對某個細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行推斷，還是針對主題思想、作者的意圖進(jìn)行推斷。針對細(xì)節(jié)的推斷可運(yùn)用考點(diǎn)四主旨大意題高考閱讀理解對文章的主旨大意進(jìn)行命題，旨在考查考生通過對原文快速瀏覽正確獲取語篇的大意，并對文章的主題、標(biāo)題、段落、中心思想加以歸納理解以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在閱讀短文時，能夠提煉文章的中心情節(jié)，體會作者的主要意圖，充分運(yùn)用邏輯概括能力，透過字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點(diǎn)、中心論點(diǎn)及作者的情感傾向。在高考閱讀理解中，針對短文主旨常見的命題形式如下：(1)Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?/Whatisthetopicofthetext?(2)Themaintopic/subjectofthepassageis_________.(3)Themainidea/Thegeneralideais/Themainthemeofthispassageis…(4)Thelastparagraphendsthepassagewithanemphasison_________.(5)Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext?(6)Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?(7)What’sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph?(8)Thepurposeofthispassageis.(9)Whichofthefollowingstatementsisbestsupportedbythetext?(10)Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizedthepassage?(11)Thepassagemainlyfocuseson.從上述命題形式可以看出，此類閱讀測試題主要可概括為兩大類，即怎樣理解段落及文章整體的中心思想和怎樣擬定或選擇恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題。下面結(jié)合高考題實例來具體分析此類題目的解題技巧?！炯记牲c(diǎn)撥】文章是由段落組成的。段落是發(fā)展一個主題的一群句子，段落圍繞著中心思想展開，而段落的中心思想又是為文章整體的中心思想服務(wù)的。尋找具體段落的中心思想的方法是：通過分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出每小段的主題句，通過主題句找出文章的主題。找準(zhǔn)文章的主題句是確定文章主旨大意的關(guān)鍵。主題是文章要表達(dá)的中心思想，文章的主題句通常都有一個話題，它是文章的核心?！爸黝}句定位法”是一種行之有效的方法。但是由于文章的不同，表現(xiàn)的手法也各有不同，主題句出現(xiàn)的位置也不是一成不變的。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說明文和議論文時，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們可以通過尋找短文的主題句來歸納出文章的主題。主題句在文章中的位置通常有三種情況：開頭、中間、結(jié)尾(含在開頭結(jié)尾同時出現(xiàn)、首尾呼應(yīng)的主題句)。因此，仔細(xì)閱讀這類文章或段落的首尾句是關(guān)鍵。做主旨大意類試題多采用瀏覽法(skimming)，瀏覽時，一般不需逐句細(xì)讀，只選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重點(diǎn)搜索主題線索和主題信息。Passage1（2025·安徽馬鞍山高二開學(xué)考）Ahigh-endtrainjourneyenablesyoutoexperiencedestinationsatauniquepaceandintotalcomfortwhileenjoyingfirst-classservice.Thesearesomeofthemostexcitingrailroutestochoosefrom.GoldenPassExpress,SwitzerlandGoldenPassExpresstakespassengersfromMontreuxtoInterlaken.It’sathree-hourridewithfourdeparturesaday.Theheatedleatherseatscanrecline(后傾)androtate(旋轉(zhuǎn))180degrees.They’realsoraised15incheshighertoboosttheviewsovervineyards,greenvalleysandblue-iceglaciers.Aone-wayticketcosts￡115.LaDolceVita,ItalyLaDolceVitatrainservicetransportspassengerstoItalyofthe1960s.Therearealtogether30rooms—plusabarcarwherepassengerscanwatchappealingfieldsflybyasapianistplays.Avarietyofimpressiveoff-boardexperiencesareavailable,fromtouringvineyardsatMontalcinotoridinghorsesinAbruzzo.Aone-wayticketstartsat￡2,140.SpaciaX,JapanThistrainprovidesastylishwayofmakingthetwo-hourjourneybetweenTokyo’sAsakusastationandthecityofNikko.SpaciaXalsoincludescomfortablesofasandseats.Passengerscanappreciatethesceneryastheyshootpastmountains,waterfallsandtemples.TicketscanbeboughtonlineorfromanystationontheTobuline.Aone-wayticketstartsfrom￡7.50.TheVietage,VietnamTheVietagerunsbetweenDaNangandQuyNhoninsupremecomfort.TravelerscantakeinthebeautyoftheVietnamesecountrysideoverathirty-courselunchwithfreedrinks.Theticketpricealsoincludesahead-and-shouldermassage(按摩).Aone-wayticketis￡330.1．WhichofthefollowingmakesLaDolceVitastandout?A．Comfortableseats. B．Variousoff-boardexperiences.C．Onlineticketbooking. D．Ahead-and-shouldermassage.2．Whichoftherailroutesprovidesaheartylunch?A．SpaciaX,Japan. B．LaDolceVita,Italy.C．TheVietage,Vietnam. D．GoldenPassExpress,Switzerland.3．Whatdothefourrailrouteshaveincommon?A．Thetraveltime. B．Theticketprice. C．Thesuperiorservice. D．Theadjustableseats.Passage2（2025河南新鄉(xiāng)·高二開學(xué)考）FouroftheBestMoneyGamesforKidsWhenwasthelasttimeyourkidssawyoupayforsomethingincash?Chancesarethatyourkidsrarelyseebillsandcoinsexchangehands.Livinginadigitalworld,it’sdifficultforkidstounderstandwhatreallyhappenswhenadultspayforthings.Thefollowingaresomemoneygamesforkidsthatcanteachthemthedifferentvaluesofbillsandcoins,howtohandlemoney,andeveneconomics.BuyItRightAgerange:Ages7to12BuyItRightletskidsgethands-onexperiencedealingwithbillsandcoinswhileintroducingtheconceptofpricesandthinkingthroughwhetheranobjectistooexpensiveornot.Kidssettheirpricesandbuyandsellitemswhilemovingtheirpiecearoundtheboard.MoneyMatchMeAgerange:Ages5to8Whilenotentirelyagame,MoneyMatchMecanbeafunwaytotestkids’knowledgeofcoins.Onecardshowsagroupofcoinsneedingtobematchedwithawrittendescription.Forexample,apictureofthreequarterswouldbematchedwithacardthatsays“seventy-fivecents”.MoneyBagsAgerange:Recommendedforages7+Ifyourkidsneedpracticecountingmoneyandtellingapartdifferentcoins,theMoneyBagsgamecanhelp.Asplayersmovealongtheboard,theycollectmoneyfromthebank.Thewinneristhepersonwhohasthemostmoneywhenthegameends.PayDayAgerange:Ages8andupThisclassicboardgamesimulateswhatit’sliketogetapaycheckeachmonthwhilealsohavingfinancialduties.Playersarealsoabletoreceive10%interestonthebalanceoftheirsavings.Theplayerwiththemostcashandsavingsattheendwins.4．WhatistheskillfocusofBuyItRight?A．Introducingbasicbusinessconcepts. B．Recognizingdifferentbillsandcoins.C．Learningtoidentifyandcountmoney. D．Makingkidsconsiderpricesandexpenses.5．Whichmoneygamerecommendstheyoungestagelimit?A．BuyItRight. B．MoneyBags.C．MoneyMatchMe. D．PayDay.6．WhatdoMoneyBagsandPayDayhaveincommon?A．Playersfocusonaddingdifferentbills.B．Whoeverownsthemostmoneyisthewinner.C．Kidslearnhowtobudgetinareasonableway.D．Kidsareabletoreceiveinterestontheirsavings.Passage3（2025山東濟(jì)寧·高二開學(xué)考）Europe’sBestLong-DistanceHikingTrailsThesehikesonsomeofEurope’sbestlongdistancetrails(路線)offerachancetoreconnectwiththeworld,getsomeenergeticexerciseandenjoypeacefulmomentsinsomeoftheEurope’smostbeautifulscenery.HyssnaTrail,SwedenWestSweden’squietbeautyisthestaroftheshowonthis40-kilometer,two-dayhike.TheroundtrailstartsatHyssna’s12thcenturychurch,whichcanbeaccessedbybusfromGothenburginjust40minutes.Therouteiswellguided,withplentyofpicnicspotsandawellappointedcampsite.KarhunkierrosTrall,FinlandFinnishLaplandiswell-knownasawinterdestination,withmagicalauroraborealis(極光)andanamazingancientSamiculture.It’salsohometothe82-kilometerKarhunkierrosTrail,themostwell-knownlong-distancewalkinFinland.ThepathbeginsinHautajarvivillageinLapland’sSallaandendsattheRukatunturiFellinKuusamo,takingfourdays.KingCharlesIIIEnglandCoastalPath,EnglandCoveringanareaof4,300kilometers,theEnglandCoastalPathisalifetime’sattemptforthosewhowishtocovereverystep.Anditcanbeeasilybrokendownintoareas,withnorthwest,northeast,east,southeastandsouthwestregionstoexplore.WalkingaroundthecoastofCornwallwillleaveanyoneenergetic.SlovenianMountainTrail,SloveniaIt’snosurprisethattheSloveniaMountainTrailhasbecomesopopular.Thisattractivetrailcoveringsome616kilometersrunsfromMariborinthecountry’snortheast,allthewaytoAnkaran.Andwhiledoingitalltogetherover28daysmightseemextreme,itcanbebrokenintosmallerregions.TherearepathsthroughtheancientforestsandwetlandsofthePohorjeHillsoracrosstheJulianAlos.7．Whichtrailcoverstheshortestdistance?A．HyssnaTrail. B．KarhunkierrosTrail.C．KingCharlesIIIEnglandCoastalPath D．SlovenianMountainTrail.8．WhatcanbedonealongthetrailofFinland?A．Goingonabustour. B．Hikingaroundthecoast.C．AdmiringtheSamiculture. D．Exploringancientforests.9．WhatdotheEnglandCoastalPathandtheSloveniaMountainTrailhaveincommon?A．Theyshareasimilarlandscape. B．Theyarelocatedinthesamecountry.C．Theycanbebrokenintosmallregions. D．Theyarefamousaswinterdestinations.Passage4（2025河北保定·高二開學(xué)考）ThispastyearI’vebeenwithtwolovedonesatthetimeoftheirpassing.Thefirstpassing,lastSeptember,wasthatofmybelovedfather-in-lawat91,afterhislengthybattlewithParkinson’sdisease.Morerecently,IwasintheroomwhenmydearfriendThomasSteinbeckpassedawayattheageof72afteralongbattlewithCOPD(慢阻肺).ThereweremomentswhenIwantedtothankthemforallthey’ddonefortheirlovedones,aswellashumanityatlarge,buttherewerealsotimesduringtheirmorelucidmomentswhenIlongedtohavethemanswersomedeepphilosophicalquestions.Theybothknewtheyweredying,andbecauseoftheirgenerousspirits,theywouldhavetoldmeanythingIwantedtoknow.Infact,Thomtoldmeafewweeksbeforehispassingthathedidn’thavemuchtimeleft.WhileIknewhewasstrugglingwithhisbreathing,Iwasindenial.Itoldhimthathe’dsurvivedtheVietnamWarandanumberofhealthchallenges,andwouldsurvivethissetbackaswell.Lookingback,Ithinkhewasgivingmeanopeningtotalktohimasifheweredying.Thedeathofthesetwolovedoneshastaughtmealot.Ittaughtmetobeevenmoremindfulinthefuture,andcarefully“l(fā)istentothemessages”thedyingareconveyingtome.HadIdoneso,ImighthavehadafinalconfirmationofwhatImeanttothesemen,althoughinsomewaysIalreadyknewbecausetheywerethetypeofindividualswhowerealwaysopenandstraightforwardwithrespecttowhattheybelievedin.Knowinghearingisthefinalsensetogo,Ididtakethechancetotellthemhowmuchtheymeanttome,andhowmuchIlovedthem,andforthatIamgrateful.10．Whatdotheauthor’stwolovedoneshaveincommon?A．Theyweretheauthor’sfamilymembers.B．Theysufferedfromlong-termillnesses.C．Theylosttheirlivesinthesameyear.D．Theywereextremelyafraidofdeath.11．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraph2?A．Abletothinkclearly. B．Eagertowalkaround.C．Willingtohelpothers. D．Bravetofacethefuture.12．WhydidThomtelltheauthorhewasdying?A．Hecouldnolongeraccompanytheauthor.B．Hedesiredtomakehisbreathingsmooth.C．Hewasingreatneedoftheauthor’scare.D．Hewantedtohaveachatwiththeauthor.13．Whatdiddeathteachtheauthoraboutliving?A．Deathisatimeforloveandforgiveness.B．Thosewhoaredyingareeagertoshare.C．Hearingisthefinalsensetodisappear.D．Itisvitaltosaywhatcomesnaturally.Passage5（2025河北張家口·高二開學(xué)考）Oneevening,TomPetersondecidedtogoonahikeinthemountainsnearhishome.Hetoldhisfamilyhe’dbebackbynightfall,sowhenhedidn’treturnasexpected,theybecameconcerned.Ataround8p.m.,theytriedtoreachhimonhiscellphonebutreceivednoresponse.Tom’sbrother,Jack,decidedtoheadtothetrail(小徑)andlookforhim.WhenJackarrived,hefoundTom’sbackpackonthesideofthetrail,buttherewasnosignofTomhimself.Tom’sfamilybecameevenmoreanxious.Hismotherkeptpicturinghimlostandalone,wonderingifhewascold,scared,oreveninjured.Shefelthelpless,knowingshecouldn’tprotectherson.Hisfather,ontheotherhand,struggledtoremaincalm,reassuringhiswifewhilesilentlyfearingtheworst.Asmidnightapproached,Tom’sfamilydecideditwastimetocallforprofessionalhelp.Thesearchteamarrivedswiftly,equippedwithflashlightsandheat-sensitivecameras,andbegancombingthetrail.Tom,downthehillwithaninjuredankle,layinthedark,battlingwavesofdoubt.Asthecoldnightdeepened,hequestionedifanyonewouldfindhim,feelingsmallanddefencelessagainstthevastwilderness.Heturnedhisflashlightonandoff,hopingsomeonewouldnoticetheweaklight,holdingontothelastbitofhopehehad.Finally,theteamspottedhimaboutamilefromthemainpath.Seeingtherescuersapproach,Tom’sreliefwashedoverhim,andhisworriesmeltedaway.Hisfamilywasoverjoyedwhentheysawhim,theirworstfearsreplacedbydeepthankfulnessandnewfoundappreciationforeachother.Later,whenaskedabouthowhemadeitthroughthelong,darkhoursalone,Tomsharedthatitwasthethoughtofhisfamilythatkepthimgoing.Forhim,holdingontothehopeofreunitingwiththemwashisonlychoiceinthevast,lonelywilderness.14．WhywereTom’sfamilyworriedinitially?A．Tomfailedtoreturnhomeasplanned.B．Tom’sphonewasswitchedoffallevening.C．Tomlefthisbackpackonthetrailintentionally.D．Tomwasunpreparedforhishikeinthemountains.15．HowdidTom’smotheremotionallyreacttotheincidentinparagraph2?A．Shedoubtedthesearchteam’sabilities.B．SheblamedTomforbeingirresponsible.C．Sheremainedcalmandsupportedherfamily.D．ShefeltfrustratedaboutherinabilitytohelpTom.16．WhatallowedtherescuerstolocateTom?A．Histracksledthemtohislocation. B．Hesignaledthemwithhisflashlight.C．Heusedspecialcamerastospotthem. D．Heshoutedforhelpuntiltheyheardhim.17．WhathelpedTomsurvivethenightinthewilderness?A．Hisrichhikingexperience. B．Thewarmclotheshewore.C．Hisstrongphysicalstrength. D．Thebeliefofseeinghislovedonesagain.Passage6（2025江蘇南京·高二開學(xué)考）JohnHarperhadalwaysbeenafanofpainting.Heusedtoadmiretheartworksatgalleriesandexhibitions,oftenstandinginawebeforethepiecesthatseemedtospeakdirectlytohissoul.At58,hedecideditwastimetopickupthebrushhimself.HisfirstattemptatanopenartexhibitionindowntownNewYorklefthimoverwhelmed—thevibrancy,thediversity,andthesheertalentondisplaywerelikenothinghehadeverimagined.“Itfeltliberating.Ithought,‘ThisiswhatIwanttodofortherestofmylife,’”Johnsaid.Paintinghassincegivenhimanewidentityandpurpose.Allhislife,Johnhadworkedasanaccountant,numbersbeinghisdailycompanionsratherthancolorsandcanvases.Earlyon,helostbothparentsinatragicaccidentwhenhewastwenty,whichledhimtoseekcomfortinthestructuredworldoffinance.Foryears,hisartisticsideremaineddormant,onlycomingaliveinsecretsketchesanddoodlesduringbreaksfromwork.Afterretiring,Johnrediscoveredhisloveforart.Heenrolledinclasses,joinedlocalartistgroups,andbegantoshowcasehiswork.“ArtallowsmetoexpressmyselfinwaysInevercouldwithnumbers,”heexplains.Throughpainting,hefoundawaytohealoldwoundsandgiveformtohisemotions.“Expressingyourselfthroughcolorsandshapesisnotjustaboutcreatingsomethingbeautiful;it’salsoaboutconnectingwithyourinnerself,”hesays.Doeshestillfeeldisconnectedfromothers?“I’vecometoseemyuniquenessasastrength.IcelebratethefactthatIdon’tfitintoatypicalmold.Ittookmethislongtofindmytruecalling!”heexclaims.“Butnow,IknowwhoIam,andI’mproudofit.Iwouldn’ttradeplaceswithanyone.”18．HowdidJohnfeelabouthisfirstexperienceatanartexhibition?A．Intimidated.B．Indifferent.C．Inspired.D．Confused.19．WhatcausedJohntoinitiallysuppresshisartisticinterests?A．Hislackofnaturaltalentinart.B．Theinfluenceofhisaccountingjob.C．Thelossofhisparents.D．Hisfearoffailure.20．HowdoespaintingbenefitJohn?A．Itimproveshisfinancialstatus.B．Ithelpshimconnectwithhisinnerself.C．Itmakeshimmoreefficientathisjob.D．Itincreaseshispopularityamongpeers.21．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．JohnHarper’sFirstExhibitionB．JohnHarper’sArtisticAwakeningafterRetirementC．JohnHarper’sStrugglewithAccountingD．JohnHarper’sImpactonModernArt（2025江蘇鹽城·高二開學(xué)考）Ididmyfirstmarathonat25.I’dtakenuprunningtogetfitandthoughtI’dgiveitatry.However,Istartedtoofast,founditverypainfulandstruggledtofinish.Then,sevenyearsago,whenIwas43,IwenttotalkwithsomeonewhohadjustdonetheSaharaDesertrace.IfeltsoinspiredandpromisedIwouldrunit,too.Ayearlater,Icompleted24-hourultra-marathonintheNamibiandesert,IwonderedwhatonearthIcoulddonext.Myfather,aformersoldier,hadjustdiedofcancerandIwantedtogatherfund(資金)forasoldierscharityinhismemory.Thereare66citiesintheUKsoIcameupwithachallenge—a50kmmarathonineachcity,norestdaysinbetween.Onthefirstday,Iranforaroundsixtosevenhours,eatingalongthewaytogetmoreenergy.Ondaytwo,ItoremyrightAchillestendon(跟腱).Islowedmypaceandthoughtaboutthesoldiers’charityIwasdoingtherunfor.Itwasnothingcomparedwithsomeoftheirinjuries.Then,onday26,itgotworse.Icouldn’tbeareventhelighttouchofanicecube.Ihadtowalkthroughtheday,whichtookalmost11hours.IkepttellingmyselfIcouldn’tfail.IfIquit,thepainwouldhavestopped,butIknewIwouldregretitfortherestofmylife.OnMay20Ifinished,fourdaysaftermy50thbirthday.It’sbeenalongprogressionfrombeinganunfitslacker(懶散的人)towhereIamnow.Ihaveabetterbodynowthanatanypointinmylife.Anyonecandothis,I’mnotasuperhuman.I’mjustdetermined,andIhavethenextthingplannedalready.22．Howwastheauthor’sfirstmarathon?A．Hedidn’tfinishit. B．Hedidn’tdoitwell.C．Hegothurthalfway. D．Hefellinlovewithit.23．Whatwasthewriter’spurposeofrunningmarathonsintheUK?A．Toraisemoneyforacharity. B．Tocreateanewworldrecord.C．Toprepareforamarathonrace. D．Topushhimselftoreachthegoal.24．Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemostimportantqualityhehas?A．Kindness. B．Curiosity. C．Bravery. D．Determination.25．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．NeverStopRunning B．RunningMakesSuccessC．BeingPreparedforRunning D．RunningforaBetterFuturePassage8（2025浙江·高二開學(xué)考）InTheSocietyoftheSpectacle(1967，《景觀社會》),FrenchphilosopherGuyDebordunveiledaradicalcritiqueofmoderncapitalism,arguingthatsocialrelationshadbeenreplacedbymediatedimages—aphenomenonhetermed“thespectacle.”ThisconceptbuildsonMarx’scritiqueofcommodityfetishismbutshiftsfocusfrommaterialproductiontoculturalconsumption.Debordpositsthatthespectacleis“asocialrelationshipmediatedbyimages”,wherepassiveconsumptionofmedia,advertising,andentertainmentobscuresrealhumaninteractions.UnlikeMarx’seraoftangiblecommoditydomination,today’scapitalismoperatesthroughthreespectacleforms:concentrated(authoritarianregimesmanipulatingheroicimagery),diffuse(consumeristsocietiesmaskingcontrolbehindillusorychoices),andintegrated(ahybridsystemcombiningtechnology,statepower,andperpetualpresentism).Centraltohisthesisistheideaofseparation:workersarealienated(異化)notonlyfromtheirlaborbutalsofromleisure,asnon-workinghoursbecomecolonizedbyspectaclesliketelevisionandsocialmedia.Thiscreates“l(fā)onelycrowds”whomistakecuratedimagesforauthenticexperiences.Forinstance,advertisingtransformsdiamondsintosymbolsoflove,fabricatingdesiresdetachedfrommaterialneeds.Debord’sanalysisextendstotimeandspace.Hecritiques“pseudo-cyclicaltime”wheremediacycleserasehistoricalconsciousness,andurbanplanningisolatesindividualsin“psychogeographical”(心理地理學(xué))traps.Hissolution—“situations”createdthroughrevolutionaryart—aimstoshatterspectacle-inducedpassivity.Whilecriticizedfortechnologicaldeterminism,Debord’sworkremainsvitalinanalyzingdigital-eraphenomenalikeinfluencercultureandalgorithm-driven“informationcocoons”.Ashewarned:“Thespectacleisthesunthatneversetsovertheempireofmodernpassivity.”26．AccordingtoDebord,whatfundamentallycharacterizesthespectaclesociety?A．Theriseofartificialintelligenceinlabormarkets.B．Socialrelationshipsreplacedbyimage-basedmediation.C．Governmentcensorshipofhistoricalnarratives.D．Environmentaldegradationcausedbyconsumerism.27．WhichofthefollowingisNOTaformofspectacleidentifiedbyDebord?A．Integratedscenecombiningtechnologyandstatepower.B．Diffusespectaclepromotingillusoryconsumerfreedom.C．Revolutionaryspectacleadvocatingproletarianuprising.D．Concentratedscenerycenteredonauthoritarianimagery.28．Whatdoestheauthormeanbymentioning“diamondsassymbolsoflove”?A．Describetheeconomicvalueofluxurygoods.B．Illustratespectacle’screationofartificialdesires.C．Presentromanticidealsincapitalistsocieties.D．Uncoverenvironmentalimpactsofminingindustries.29．Whichtitlebestcapturesthearticle’scriticalperspectiveonDebord’stheory?A．TheSpectacleSociety:WhenImageDominatesReality.B．ImperialImage:AModernAlienationBeyondDebord.C．FromFactoriestoScreens:TheEvolutionofLaborExploitation.D．ArtVersusAlgorithms:ReshapingCulturalConsumption.Passage9（2025安徽·高二開學(xué)考）FromBeijing,morethan400kilometersaway,allthewayupnorth,thetemperaturegraduallydrops.Withtheemergenceoffirepreventionwarnings,Saihanba(塞罕壩),knownasa“miracleonearth”,beginstocomeintoview.InOctober,thecoldwindblowingfromSiberiahasdyed(染色)Saihanbagolden.InMongolian,Saihanbameansbeautifulhighmountains.However,Saihanbawasadesertof“yellowsandcoveringtheskyandflyingbirdswithoutinhabitingtrees”62yearsago.Wheneverthenorthwindblows,thewindysandlocatedinInnerMongoliawilldrivesouthward,reachingBeijingandTianjin.Aftermorethanhalfacenturyofforestplantation,peoplewhohavecometoSaihanbacanhardlyimaginethearid(干旱)scene.Occasionally,agustofwindpassesby,andtheywouldjustsighandshouthowstrongthewindis,buttheywouldnotfeelsandblasted(噴砂).OnOct9,watchmenLiuJunandWangJuanwereobservingthesurroundingforestareaonawatchtowerinSaihanbaForestFarminHebeiprovince.LiuisinchargeoftheobservationandWangkeepsrecording.“Springandautumnarethecriticalfirepreventionperiodsforourforestfarm.Weneedtostayhereforthreemonths,havethreemealsaday,workandliveinthebuilding,”saysLiuJun,whohasbeenengagedinobservationfor13years.Simpleasitlooks,thejobisquitetheburdenontheirshoulders.Onlybyenjoyinglonelinesscantheykeepthisforestsafeandsound.Saihanbatodayisnotonlya“greenGreatWall”forwindbreakandsandfixation(固化),butalsoatimber(林木)source.Manypeoplewoulddoubtwhythetreesthathavegrownupherearetobecutdowninaplannedway.Liuexplainsthatmostofthetreeshereareplantedforest,andtheforestspeciesarerelativelysingle,unlikenaturalforeststhatcanadaptontheirownandsurvivethefittest.Theselectivecuttingofplantationforestsismor