英語必修5譯林牛津版Unit1第6課時教案Period6Grammarandusage(To-infinitive)Teachinggoals1．Targetlanguagea．重點詞匯和短語mailboxpersuadebadmintondentistEasteramusement，amusementpark，takecareb．重點句子Thingsseemtobegettingbetter．Johnpretendednottohaveseenme．Shemademepromisetowriteeveryday．WehadnothingtodobutwatchTV．2．Abilitygoals3．Learningabilitygoalscorrectly．TeachingimportantpointsTheuseoftheinfinitivesign“toandthediffformsofthetoinfinitive．TeachingdifficultpointsHowtoteachthestudentstodistinguishdifferentformsofthetoinfinitive．TeachingmethodsExplaining，summarizingandpracticing．TeachingaidsAcomputerandaprojector．TeachingproceduresandwaysStepIRevisionRevisetheadjectivestodescribepesomesentenceswithinfinitive……Step2Grammar*********************************************************To-infinitive.動詞不定式由“不定式符號to+動詞原形”構成，否定形式nottodo。是動詞的一種非謂語的形式，在句中不能單獨作謂語。動詞不定式具有動詞的性質(zhì)，可以有自己的賓語和狀語，也可以有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。同時，它也具有非動詞的性質(zhì)，相當于一個名詞、形容詞或副詞，可以在句中擔任主語、賓語、賓語補足語、表語、定語和狀語.動詞不定式的用法：1、作主語(1)不定式短語在句中作主語。謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。e.g.:Tosayisonethingandtodoisanother.Toknowoneselfisdifficult.但在很多情況下，為了保持句子平衡，通常用it作為形式主語，而把不定式移到謂語之后，e.g.:Itisdifficulttoknowonself.ItisimportanttolearnEnglish.2、作表語。不定式作表語說明主語的具體內(nèi)容或表示目的。e.g.:Hiswishistobecomeanengineer.Toliveistodosomethingworthwhile.3、作賓語.作動詞的賓語，即動詞+todosth.常見的要加不定式作賓語的動詞有：decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,afford,prefer,require,enable,need,order…e.g.:Heagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.HepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.在find,make,think,consider等動詞后，如果賓語帶有賓語補足語時，常用it作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語放在賓語補足語后.e.g.:IfinditinterestingtostudyEnglish.Ithinkitimpossibletoworkouttheproblem.4、作賓語補足語，即Ｖ＋sb.(not)todosth.如動詞advise,allow,ask,cause,challenge,command,consider,enable,encourage,forbid,force,inform,invite,persuade,tell,send,urge,want,warn….Eg.IwantyoutospeaktoTom.Askhimnottomakenoise.(1)在感官動詞以及使役動詞（let,have,make）后作賓語補足語，不定式都不帶to.變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，原不帶to的不定式要變成帶to的不定式.“一感(feel)二聽(hear,listento)三讓(let,have,make)四觀看(see,observe,watch,lookat)”e.g.:Ioftenhearhimsingthesong.Didyouseehimgoout?Thebossmadetheemployeesworktenhoursaday.Theemployeesweremadetoworktenhoursaday.(2)在表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞后作賓語補足語,這時不定式通常是“tobe+形容詞或副詞”的結構.這類動詞有：consider,think,believe,find,imagine,judge,suppose,prove等。consider,think,find后的tobe?？墒÷?e.g.:Weconsiderhim(tobe)agoodteacher.Ithoughther(tobe)niceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.5．作定語.不定式作定語通常放在其修飾的名詞或代詞之后，與被修飾的名詞或代詞之間是主謂關系、動賓關系、同位關系.e.g.:ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.Hehasalotoflettertowrite.Hewasthebestmantodothejob.Womenandchildrenwerethefirsttogetintothelifeboats.Shehasachildtotakecareof.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).6.作狀語.不定式作狀語可以表示行為的目的、結果、原因、條件等.e.g.:Tosavethechild,helaiddownhislife.Tolookathim,youwouldlikehim.Hegottothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.(onlytodo常表意想不到或不愉快的結果)I’mverygladtoseeyou.(表喜怒哀樂的形容詞后跟不定式表原因)動詞不定式的形式：1、一般式：表示的動作通常與主要的謂語動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生.（not）todo（主動）tobedone（被動）e.g.:Iamgladtoseeyou.Thehouseneedstobecleaned.2、進行式：表示謂語的動作或情況發(fā)生時，不定式表示的動作正在進行.tobedoing（主動）e.g.:HepretendedtobereadingwhenIcamein.3、完成式：表示不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前或表動作發(fā)生在過去并且已完成。tohavedone（主動）tohavebeendone（被動）e.g.:I’msorrytohavelostyourkey.Ithasbeenanhonorformetohavebeeninvitedtoyourcountry.4、完成進行式：表示不定式的動作在謂語動作之前發(fā)生并一直進行著.tohavebeendoing（主動）e.g.:HewassaidtohavebeenlivinginLondonfor20years.

主動式被動式一般式todotobedone進行式tobedoing無完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進行式tohavebeendoing無不定式的常見結構:1、用作獨立成分.有一些不定式短語可以用作狀語修飾整個句子，也可被稱為插入語.e.g.:Tobehonest,wearenotsuretoworkouttheproblem.Tobefrank,Idon’tagreewithyou.totellyoutruth說老實話tobeginwith首先tosaynothingof姑且不說tobesure誠然，固然tomakealongstoryshort長話短說tobebrief簡言之toconclude總而言之2、疑問詞+不定式結構疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,how,why后加動詞不定式構成不定式短語，它在句中作主語、賓語和表語.e.g.:Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.Hedidn’tknowwhattosay.Myquestioniswhentostart.3、不定式的復合結構，即Itis+形容詞+for/ofsb.+不定式在“Itis+形容詞+ofsb.+不定式”的結構中，形容詞往往表示人物的性格和特征，如：kind,silly,good,clever,wrong,right,foolish,careless,impolite,honest,bad等.e.g.:Itiskindofyoutothinksomuchofme.Itisfoolishofyoutosaythat.在“Itis+形容詞+forsb.+不定式”的結構中，形容詞往往表示事物的性質(zhì),如:important,possible,impossible,necessary,difficult,hard,reasonable等.e.g.:Itisnecessaryforyoutocompletetheprogramontime.Itishardforhimtogetridofhisbadhabits.不定式的特殊用法:1、在hadbetter,hadbest,wouldrather,wouldrather…than,wouldsooner,cannotbut,cannothelpbut,whynot等結構后直接跟動詞原形或“not+動詞原形”.e.g.:You’dbetterlistentoyourteacher’sopinion.Hecannotbutmovetoanotherstreet.Wecannothelpbutadmirehiscourage.Healwayspreferstorideabicycleratherthanrideonacrowdedbus.2、兩個不定式由and,or,except,but,whether等并列使用時,為了避免重復，后面的不定式符號to可省略.e.g.:Thelittlegirlhardlyknewwhethertolaughorcry.Canyouhelpmetocallhimandaskhimtoattendthemeeting?3、不定式符號的單獨使用。為了避免重復上文中出現(xiàn)過的動詞，可以用不定式符號to來代替上文中出現(xiàn)過的不定式結構.(1)在助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后，如begoingto,usedto,haveto,oughtto,beableto,beaboutto等。e.g.:Shehastogo,butyoudon’thaveto(go).Hedoesn’tlikefishbutheusedto(like).(2)在want,decide,like,love,hope,wish,mean,refuse,try等動詞之后.e.g.:Youmaygowiththemifyouhopeto(go).-DidyougotoseetheGreatWall?-Iwantedto(go),butIwastoobusy.(3)在作賓語補足語的ask,tell,order,advise,persuade,warn,wish,permit,allow等動詞之后.e.g.:Don’tdoanythingunlessyourfathertellsyouto(do).-MayIuseyourcar?-No,Idon’tallowyouto(use).(4)在對話的答語中的happy,glad,anxious,willing,ready,pleased,afraid等形容詞之后.e.g.:-Willyoulendmeahand?-I’mwillingto(lendyouahand).-Wouldyoucometomybirthdaypartytomorrow?-I’llbegladto(come).*****************************************************Step3PracticeChoosethebestanswer.1.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_____.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning2.Weagreed___herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet3.Thedoctorandthenursesdidalltheycould____thepatient’slife.A.saveB.tosaveC.tobesavingD.tohavesave4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycletothestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto5.Iwouldlove____tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone6.Thepurposeofnewtechnologyistomakelifeeasier,___itmoredifficult.A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake7.Iwenttoseehim____himout.A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.found8.Twomenwerereported____intheaccident.A.tokillB.killedC.tobekilledD.tohavebeenkilled9.Idon’twant_______likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesounded10.Energydrinksarenotallowed______inAustraliabutarebroughtinfromNewZealand.A.tomakeB.tobemadeC.tohavebeenmadeD.tobemaking11.AIDSissaid______thebiggesthealthchallengetobothmenandwomeninthatareaoverthepastfewyears(2006·湖北)A.thatitisB.tobeC.thatithasbeenD.tohavebeen12.It’spolite_____you________so.A.of;todoB.for;todoC.of;sayingD.for;saying13.______thiscake,you’llneed2eggs,175gsugarand175gflour.A.HavingmadeB.MakeC.TomakeD.Making14.Hehurriedtothebookingofficeonly______thatalltheticketshadbeensoldout.(陜西)A.totellB.tobetoldC.