高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省廣州市增城區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力（略）第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AExploringthewondersofYuanmingyuanisnoweasierthanever!Byfeaturingover190beautifulpaintingsmodelsofbuildings,andotherartworksconnectedtothisamazinggarden-palacefromtheQingdynasty,thisspecialexhibitionhelpsuslearnaboutthelivesoftheemperorswholivedthere,thefestivalstheycelebrated,andhowtheywererelatedtoeachother.Whenyouvisit,you’llgettoseehowthisgarden-palacewasdesigned,hearstoriesaboutthepeoplewholivedthere,andlearnallabouttheQingdynasty’shistory.FullAccessTicketandSpecialExhibitionTicketWithaFullAccessticket,youcanvisitallthegalleries.WithaSpecialExhibitionticket,youwillhaveaccesstothethematicexhibitions(Gallery1toGallery7).AdultsDiscountFullAccessTicket(Gallery1-9)HK$220HK$110SpecialExhibitionTicket(Gallery1—7)HK$150HK$75Discountsincludechildren(age7to11),full-timestudents,seniors(age60andabove),personswithdisabilities(withonecompanion).Entryisfreeforchildrenage6andunder(onlinebookingandavalidFullAccessticketrequired).GroupTicketsTravelagentsticketbookings(with20ticketsorabove)arenowavailablefortheHongKongPalaceMuseum.Pleasebookyourticketsthroughtheonlineapplicationformbelowatleasttwoweeksbeforeyourvisit.Ourstaffwillbeintouchwithinsevenworkingdaysafterreceivingyourapplication.PublicGuidedTourFreeguidedtoursofspecificexhibitionsareavailableforindividualvisitors.PleasecheckthetourtimeandsignupattheG/FInformationCounter.Limitedquota(限額)isavailableonafirst-come-first-servebasis.1.WhatdoesYuanmingyuanexhibitionmainlyshow?A.Thedailylifeoftheemperors.B.ThefeatureofChinesepaintings.C.Theformationofthegarden-palace.D.ThebuildingstyleoftheQingdynasty.2.Howmuchwillaparentwithtwokidsaged9and6payforvisitingallthe9galleries?A.HK$220. B.HK$225. C.HK$330. D.HK$440.3.Whatshouldvisitorsdotogetfreeguidedtours?A.Bookonlinebeforethevisit. B.Visitwithagroupof20people.C.Registeranytimetheyarrive. D.Arriveearlywithinopeninghours.【答案】1.C2.C3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹了關(guān)于探索圓明園奇觀的特別展覽以及相關(guān)的門(mén)票信息和參觀指南?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Byfeaturingover190beautifulpaintings,modelsofbuildings,andotherartworksconnectedtothisamazinggarden-palacefromtheQingdynasty,thisspecialexhibitionhelpsuslearnaboutthelivesoftheemperorswholivedthere,thefestivalstheycelebrated,andhowtheywererelatedtoeachother.Whenyouvisit,you’llgettoseehowthisgarden-palacewasdesigned,hearstoriesaboutthepeoplewholivedthere,andlearnallabouttheQingdynasty’shistory.(通過(guò)展示190多幅美麗的繪畫(huà)、建筑模型和其他與清朝這座令人驚嘆的花園宮殿有關(guān)的藝術(shù)品，這個(gè)特別的展覽幫助我們了解住在那里的皇帝的生活，他們慶祝的節(jié)日，以及他們彼此之間的關(guān)系。當(dāng)你參觀時(shí)，你會(huì)看到這座花園宮殿是如何設(shè)計(jì)的，聽(tīng)到住在那里的人的故事，并了解清朝的歷史。)”可知，圓明園展覽主要展示花園宮殿的形成。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格里的“FullAccessTicket(Gallery1-9)（全票（展覽廳1-9）)”，“Adults(HK$220)，Discount(折扣)HK$110(成人220港元，折扣票110港元)”及表格下方“Discountsincludechildren(age7to11),full-timestudents,seniors(age60andabove),personswithdisabilities(withonecompanion).Entryisfreeforchildrenage6andunder(onlinebookingandavalidFullAccessticketrequired).(折扣包括兒童（7至11歲）、全日制學(xué)生、長(zhǎng)者（60歲或以上）、殘疾人士（一人陪同）。6歲及以下兒童免費(fèi)入場(chǎng)（需要在線預(yù)訂和有效的全通道票）。)”可知，6歲孩子免費(fèi)，9歲孩子買(mǎi)折扣票，帶著9歲和6歲孩子的一位家長(zhǎng)參觀全部9個(gè)畫(huà)廊需要支付的錢(qián)是HK$220+HK$110=HK$330。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Freeguidedtoursofspecificexhibitionsareavailableforindividualvisitors.(個(gè)人游客可以獲得特定展覽的免費(fèi)導(dǎo)游服務(wù)。)”和“Limitedquota(限額)isavailableonafirst-come-first-servebasis.(名額有限，先到先得。)”可知，游客在開(kāi)放時(shí)間內(nèi)早點(diǎn)到達(dá)才能獲得免費(fèi)導(dǎo)游服務(wù)。故選D。BPuffinsareadorablebirdswithbig,colorfulbeaks(喙)thatliveingrassycliffsintheFarNorth.Onesummerday,myhusbandandIboardedtheboattoFlateyIsland,eagertocatchaglimpseofthesecharmingcreatures.Assoonastheboatlefttheharbortherainstartedpouring.Thewindpickedup,andtheboatbegantojump.Iwasbeginningtofeelseasick.Bythetimewereachedtheisland,myfingerswereblue.Theboatwouldn’tgobackforfourhours.Wehuddledundertheshelterofawarehouse,wonderingwhattodo.Thenawomanwearingmittens(手套)cameclosetous.“Youlookcold,”shesaid.“Wouldyouliketocometoourhouseforlunch?”Itwasasmallyellowhouseattheedgeofthevillage.Itwasfullofpeople,youngandold.Theymaderoomforusatthetable.Weateanddrankalot,andtheytoldusallaboutthepuffinsandtheotherbirdsontheisland.Itwasalmosttimefortheboattoleave,ournewfriendSigridwalkedintherainwithustothepuffins’cliffs.Wesatstillonthewetrocks,watchingthebirdsflyrighttowardus,cockingtheirheadsasifwonderingwhatweweredoingontheirisland.Theymadeuslaugh.Whentheboatwhistleblew,Sigridtookmyhandtosaygood-bye.“Yourhandsaresocold!”Slippinghermittensoff,shehandedthemtome.“Youneedtohavemittensfortheboatride,”shesaid.It’sbeenseventeenyears,andIstillhaveSigrid’smittens.They’renotfancyandbrightlikethepuffin’sbeak.ButasmuchasIlikedthosefunnylittlebirds,it’sthemittensIthinkofwhenIrememberedtheisland.I’vespentyearstryingtobeaskindtosomeoneelseasSigridwastomethatday.4.Whatwasunexpectedforthecoupleatfirst?A.Remotelivingplaceofthepuffins. B.Thepeacefulboatride.C.Delayingettingonboard. D.Thecoldrainyweather.5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“huddled”meaninparagraph3?A.Walked. B.Crowded. C.Chatted. D.Relaxed.6.Whichwordcanbestdescribethecouple’striponFlateyIsland?A.Disappointing. B.Struggling. C.Exciting. D.Heart-warming.7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.PuffinsandMittens B.AClosePuffinWatchingC.AMagicalTriptoFlateyIsland D.SurvivingaDaywithSigrid【答案】4.D5.B6.D7.A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者和丈夫在一個(gè)夏日里前往Flatey島觀賞海鸚（一種可愛(ài)的鳥(niǎo)類）的經(jīng)歷。在遭遇惡劣天氣和身體不適的情況下，他們遇到了一位善良的女子Sigrid對(duì)其進(jìn)行幫助。這些經(jīng)歷讓作者深深感受到了人與人之間的溫暖和善意?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Assoonastheboatlefttheharbor,therainstartedpouring.Thewindpickedup,andtheboatbegantojump.Iwasbeginningtofeelseasick.(船一離開(kāi)港口，就下起了傾盆大雨。風(fēng)起了，船開(kāi)始顛簸。我開(kāi)始覺(jué)得暈船了。)”可知，當(dāng)船離開(kāi)港口時(shí)，突然下起了大雨，風(fēng)也大了起來(lái)，船開(kāi)始顛簸，作者開(kāi)始感到暈船。這表明最初這對(duì)夫婦沒(méi)有預(yù)料到會(huì)遇到如此寒冷的雨天。故選D?！?題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中劃線詞前面的句子“Bythetimewereachedtheisland,myfingerswereblue.Theboatwouldn’tgobackforfourhours.(當(dāng)我們到達(dá)小島時(shí)，我的手指都發(fā)青了。這艘船要四個(gè)小時(shí)才能返航。)”以及后文“Thenawomanwearingmittens(手套)cameclosetous.“Youlookcold,”shesaid.

(然后一個(gè)戴著手套的女人走近我們。“你看起來(lái)很冷，”她說(shuō)。)”可知，當(dāng)作者和丈夫到達(dá)島嶼時(shí)，手指都凍青了，船還需要四個(gè)小時(shí)后才會(huì)返回。因此，他們?cè)趥}(cāng)庫(kù)的庇護(hù)下擠成一團(tuán)（縮在一起抵御寒冷），想知道接下來(lái)該做什么。故劃線詞與B選項(xiàng)“Crowded.(擁擠的)”為同義詞。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Whentheboatwhistleblew,Sigridtookmyhandtosaygood-bye.“Yourhandsaresocold!”Slippinghermittensoff,shehandedthemtome.“Youneedtohavemittensfortheboatride,”shesaid.(船鳴笛時(shí)，Sigrid拉著我的手說(shuō)再見(jiàn)。“你的手好冷啊!”她脫下手套，遞給我?！俺舜瑫r(shí)你需要戴上連指手套，”她說(shuō)。)”以及最后一段中“It’sbeenseventeenyears,andIstillhaveSigrid’smittens.They’renotfancyandbrightlikethepuffin’sbeak.ButasmuchasIlikedthosefunnylittlebirds,it’sthemittensIthinkofwhenIrememberedtheisland.I’vespentyearstryingtobeaskindtosomeoneelseasSigridwastomethatday.(十七年過(guò)去了，我還留著Sigrid的連指手套。它們不像海雀的嘴那樣華麗明亮。盡管我很喜歡那些有趣的小鳥(niǎo)，但當(dāng)我想起那個(gè)島時(shí)，我想到的卻是那副連指手套。多年來(lái)，我一直努力像西格麗德那天對(duì)我那樣善待別人。)”可知，盡管這對(duì)夫婦最初遇到了不利的天氣條件和困難，但他們遇到了善良的Sigrid，她的熱情和善良給他們的旅程帶來(lái)了溫暖。特別是她把手套送給作者以抵御船上的寒冷，這一行為讓作者印象深刻，并讓她在之后的歲月里努力向別人展現(xiàn)同樣的善良。因此，這次旅行可以被描述為“暖心的”。故選D。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章主要講述了作者和丈夫在前往Flatey島觀看海鸚的過(guò)程中遇到了一位善良的女子Sigrid，并講述了她把手套送給作者以抵御船上的寒冷的溫暖故事，這一溫暖的行為讓作者印象深刻，并讓她在之后的歲月里努力向別人展現(xiàn)同樣的善良。因此，選項(xiàng)A“PuffinsandMittens(海鸚和手套)”既包含了文章的主題元素——海鸚，也反映了文章的核心情感——手套所代表的善良和溫暖，因此是最佳標(biāo)題。故選A。CImaginelivinginacool,greencityfilledwithparksandthreadedwithfootpaths,bikelanesandbuseswhichtransportpeopletoshops,schoolsandservicecentersinamatterofminutes.Thisfancydreamisbehindtheideaofthe15-minutecity,whereallbasicneedsandservicesarewithinaquarterofanhour’sreach,improvingpublichealthandreducingpollution.Artificialintelligencecouldhelpcityplannersrealizethatvisionfaster,withanewstudyfromresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinChinademonstratinghowmachinelearningcanproducemoreefficientspatialdesignsthanhumanscan.Automation(自動(dòng)化)scientistZhengYuandhiscolleagueswantedtofindnewsolutionstoourcrowdedcities.TheydevelopedanAIsystemtodealwiththetoughtasksofcityplanningandfounditcanproducecityplansthatoutperformhumandesignsbyabout50percentonthreeaspects:accesstoservices,greenspacesandtrafficlevels.Startingsmall,Zheng’steamtaskedtheirmodelwithdesigningthecityareaonlyafewsquarekilometersinsize(about3x3blocks).Aftertwodaysoftraining,theAIsystemsearchedfortheidealroadlayoutsandlandusetofitwiththeconceptofthe15-minutecity.WhiletheAImodelcanincreaseitsuseforplanninglargercityareas,designinganentirecitywouldbemuchmorecomplex.Draftinganeighborhoodconsistingof4x4blockscontainstwiceasmanyplanningdecisionsasdesigning3x3blocks.Butautomatingevenafewstepsintheplanningprocesscansavehugeamountsoftime:theAImodelcancomputeinsecondscertaintasksthattakehumanplannersbetween50to100minutestoworkthrough.Automatingcertaintasksofcityplanningwouldfreeuphumanplannerstofocusonmorechallengingorhuman-centrictasks,suchaspublicengagementandaesthetics.RatherthanAIreplacingpeople,ZhengthinkstheirAIsystemcanworkasan“assistant”tocityplanners,whocouldproduceconceptdesignsthatareimprovedbythesystem,andreviewed,adjustedbyhumanexpertsbasedoncommunityfeedback.8.Whatdoes“thatvision”refertoinparagraph2?A.Buildingupaconvenientandgreencity.B.Improvingworkefficiencyincitydesign.C.UsingAIwidelytoimprovelifeinthecity.D.Creatingmoreneedsandservicesinthecity.9.HowdidZheng’steamcarryouttheirstudy?A.BycomparingtheperfomancesofAIandhumans.B.ByaskingAItocompleteadesignofanentirecity.C.Bytraininghumandesignersformorechallengingjobs.D.ByholdingadesigncompetitionbetweenAIandhumans.10.WhichisAIincapableofconsideringincityplanningaccordingtothestudy?A.Trafficlevel. B.Greenspaces.C.Accesstoservices. D.Publicengagement.11.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldtheauthormostprobablyagreewith?A.TheuseofAIwillleadtolessfriendlycities.B.Humansshoulddealwithminortasksincitydesign.C.AIcanworkwithhumanstocreatemorelivablecities.D.AIwilltaketheplaceofhumanexpertsinthefuture.【答案】8.A9.A10.D11.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章的主旨是討論如何利用人工智能（AI）在城市規(guī)劃中實(shí)現(xiàn)15分鐘城市的概念，即居民的所有基本需求和服務(wù)都能在15分鐘內(nèi)得到滿足，以提高公共健康和減少污染?！?題詳析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“Imaginelivinginacool,greencityfilledwithparksandthreadedwithfootpaths,bikelanesandbuseswhichtransportpeopletoshops,schoolsandservicecentersinamatterofminutes.Thisfancydreamisbehindtheideaofthe15-minutecity,whereallbasicneedsandservicesarewithinaquarterofanhour’sreach,improvingpublichealthandreducingpollution.(想象一下，生活在一個(gè)涼爽、綠色的城市里，到處都是公園，人行道、自行車道和公共汽車，這些公共汽車可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)把人們送到商店、學(xué)校和服務(wù)中心。這個(gè)奇特的夢(mèng)想是“15分鐘城市”理念的背后，在這里，所有的基本需求和服務(wù)都在一刻鐘的時(shí)間內(nèi)到達(dá)，改善了公眾健康，減少了污染。)”以及劃線詞所在的句子“Artificialintelligencecouldhelpcityplannersrealize

thatvision

faster(人工智能可以幫助城市規(guī)劃者更快地實(shí)現(xiàn)這一愿景)”可知，此處的“愿景”指的是前文所提的“這個(gè)奇特的夢(mèng)想是‘15分鐘城市’理念”，即建設(shè)便捷綠色城市。故選A。【9題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“TheydevelopedanAIsystemtodealwiththetoughtasksofcityplanningandfounditcanproducecityplansthatoutperformhumandesignsbyabout50percentonthreeaspects:accesstoservices,greenspacesandtrafficlevels.(他們開(kāi)發(fā)了一種人工智能系統(tǒng)來(lái)處理城市規(guī)劃的艱巨任務(wù)，并發(fā)現(xiàn)它可以在服務(wù)可及性、綠地和交通水平三個(gè)方面比人類設(shè)計(jì)的城市規(guī)劃高出約50%。)”可知，在Zheng團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究中，他們通過(guò)比較人工智能和人類在城市規(guī)劃方面的性能來(lái)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)，AI系統(tǒng)在服務(wù)可達(dá)性、綠地面積和交通水平三個(gè)方面優(yōu)于人類設(shè)計(jì)約50%。由此該研究是通過(guò)比較的方式開(kāi)展的。故選A?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Automatingcertaintasksofcityplanningwouldfreeuphumanplannerstofocusonmorechallengingorhuman-centrictasks,suchaspublicengagementandaesthetics.(自動(dòng)化城市規(guī)劃的某些任務(wù)將使人類規(guī)劃師能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂诟咛魬?zhàn)性或以人為本的任務(wù)，如公眾參與和美學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)。)”可知，自動(dòng)化城市規(guī)劃任務(wù)可以讓人類規(guī)劃師專注于更具挑戰(zhàn)性或以人為中心的任務(wù)，如公眾參與和美學(xué)，暗示AI目前無(wú)法考慮這些因素。故選D?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“RatherthanAIreplacingpeople,ZhengthinkstheirAIsystemcanworkasan“assistant”tocityplanners,whocouldproduceconceptdesignsthatareimprovedbythesystem,andreviewed,adjustedbyhumanexpertsbasedoncommunityfeedback.(鄭認(rèn)為，他們的人工智能系統(tǒng)可以作為城市規(guī)劃者的“助手”，而不是人工智能取代人類，他們可以產(chǎn)生由系統(tǒng)改進(jìn)的概念設(shè)計(jì)，并由人類專家根據(jù)社區(qū)反饋進(jìn)行審查和調(diào)整。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為人工智能可以作為城市規(guī)劃者的“助手”，幫助完成概念設(shè)計(jì)，并由人類專家根據(jù)社區(qū)反饋進(jìn)行調(diào)整即人工智能可以與人類合作，創(chuàng)造更宜居的城市。故選C。DAstudypublishedbytheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciencefoundthatmusicianswhoworkinthetwofieldsshowsignificantlydifferentbrainactivity,evenwhenthey’replayingthesamemusic.Theresearchcouldhelpexplainwhymusiciansseemtostandoutinoneorotherstyle,andnotusuallyinboth.Thestudyoutlinestwostepsinplayingthepiano:whatthepianistisgoingtoplay—meaningthekeystheypress—andhowtheyaregoingtoplay—whichfingerstheyshoulduse.Classicalpianiststendtofocusonthesecondstep—the“how”.Thismeanstheirfocusisontechniqueandthepersonalexpressiontheyaddtothepiece.Jazzpianistsontheotherhandfocusonthe“what”,meaningtheyarealwayspreparedtoimprovise(即興創(chuàng)作)andadaptthenotesthey’replaying.Thestudyincluded30professionalpianists,halfofwhomwerejazzplayersandhalfofwhomwereclassical.Bothgroupswereshownahandplayingasequenceofchords(和音)onascreen.Thesequencewasarrangedirregularlywithmistakesinharmoniesandfingering.Thepianistshadtoreproducethehandmovementsandreacttotheirregularities,whiletheirbrainsignalswererecordedwithsensorsontheirhead.Thestudyfoundthatdifferentprocessesoccurredinthebrainsofthejazzandclassicalpianists.Inparticular,thejazzpianists’brainsbeganre-planningsoonerthantheclassicalpianists’brains.Thestudyfoundtheclassicalpianistsconcentratedonthefingeringandtechniqueoftheirplaying,whilethejazzpianistsweremorepreparedtochangethenotestheyplayed.“Inthejazzpianistswefoundevidencefromthebrainsignalsforthisflexibilityinplanningharmonieswhenplayingthepiano,”saysresearcherRobertaBianco.“Whenweaskedthemtoplayaharmonicallyunexpectedchord,theirbrainsstartedtore-planheactionsfasterthanclassicalpianists.Accordingly,theywerebetterabletoreactandcontinuetheirperformances.”12.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplain“what”and“how”inplayingthepiano.B.Tointroduceastudyonplayingstylesofmusicians.C.Tocomparetheskilllevelsofjazzandclassicalpianists.D.Toarguewhoaresmarterbetweenmusiciansoftwofields.13.Whatdoclassicalpianistspaymoreattentiontointheirperformances?A.Thefingerstheyuse. B.Thepatternstheyperform.C.Thenotestheyplay. D.Theatmospheretheycreate.14.Whatdoesparagraph4focuson?A.Majorfindingsoftheresearch.B.Explanationofresearchmethods.C.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.D.Futureapplicationoftheresearchfindings.15.Whyarejazzplayersthoughttobemoreflexible?A.Theycaremoreaboutplayingtechnique.B.Theyarebetteratcorrectingmusicalmistakes.C.Theyaremorereadyforthechangewhileplaying.D.Theyarelikelytoaddpersonalexpressiontothemusic.【答案】12.B13.A14.B15.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要闡述一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使演奏同一首音樂(lè)，從事兩種領(lǐng)域的音樂(lè)家的大腦活動(dòng)也有顯著的不同，介紹了不同音樂(lè)風(fēng)格對(duì)音樂(lè)家大腦活動(dòng)的影響，特別是古典與爵士音樂(lè)風(fēng)格之間的對(duì)比，以及這兩種風(fēng)格下音樂(lè)家大腦處理音樂(lè)的差異?！?2題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“AstudypublishedbytheMaxPlanckInstituteforHumanCognitiveandBrainSciencefoundthatmusicianswhoworkinthetwofieldsshowsignificantlydifferentbrainactivity,evenwhenthey’replayingthesamemusic.(馬克斯普朗克人類認(rèn)知和腦科學(xué)研究所發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在這兩個(gè)領(lǐng)域工作的音樂(lè)家表現(xiàn)出明顯不同的大腦活動(dòng)，即使他們?cè)谘葑嗤瑯拥囊魳?lè)。)”以及第二段中“Theresearchcouldhelpexplainwhymusiciansseemtostandoutinoneorotherstyle,andnotusuallyinboth.(這項(xiàng)研究可以幫助解釋為什么音樂(lè)家似乎在一種或另一種風(fēng)格中脫穎而出，而不是兩者兼而有之。)”可知，文章主要介紹了馬克斯普朗克人類認(rèn)知和腦科學(xué)研究所發(fā)表的一項(xiàng)研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)演奏不同風(fēng)格音樂(lè)的音樂(lè)家在大腦活動(dòng)上存在顯著差異，這有助于解釋為什么音樂(lè)家通常只擅長(zhǎng)一種風(fēng)格而不是兩種。因此，文章的主要目的是介紹一項(xiàng)關(guān)于音樂(lè)家演奏風(fēng)格的研究。故選B?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thestudyoutlinestwostepsinplayingthepiano:whatthepianistisgoingtoplay—meaningthekeystheypress—andhowtheyaregoingtoplay—whichfingerstheyshoulduse.Classicalpianiststendtofocusonthesecondstep—the“how”.Thismeanstheirfocusisontechniqueandthepersonalexpressiontheyaddtothepiece.

(這項(xiàng)研究概述了彈鋼琴的兩個(gè)步驟：鋼琴家要彈什么——指的是他們按的鍵——以及他們要怎么彈——他們應(yīng)該用哪根手指。古典鋼琴家傾向于關(guān)注第二步——“如何”。這意味著他們的重點(diǎn)是技術(shù)和他們添加到作品中的個(gè)人表達(dá)。)”可知，古典鋼琴家更關(guān)注“如何演奏”，也就是指法和技術(shù)，因此他們?cè)诒硌葜懈⒅厥褂玫氖种?。故選A?！?4題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thestudyincluded30professionalpianists,halfofwhomwerejazzplayersandhalfofwhomwereclassical.Bothgroupswereshownahandplayingasequenceofchords(和音)onascreen.Thesequencewasarrangedirregularlywithmistakesinharmoniesandfingering.Thepianistshadtoreproducethehandmovementsandreacttotheirregularities,whiletheirbrainsignalswererecordedwithsensorsontheirhead.(這項(xiàng)研究包括30名專業(yè)鋼琴家，其中一半是爵士演奏者，一半是古典演奏者。兩組人都在屏幕上看到一只手在彈奏一系列和弦。該序列排列不規(guī)則，在和聲和指法上都有錯(cuò)誤。鋼琴家們必須重現(xiàn)手的動(dòng)作，并對(duì)不規(guī)則的動(dòng)作做出反應(yīng)，同時(shí)他們的大腦信號(hào)被頭上的傳感器記錄下來(lái)。)”可知，本段描述了研究的具體過(guò)程，包括參與者的選擇、實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)置、實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程以及數(shù)據(jù)的收集方式等，這些都是對(duì)研究方法的解釋。因此，本段主要聚焦于研究方法的解釋。故選B?！?5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“

“Inthejazzpianistswefoundevidencefromthebrainsignalsforthisflexibilityinplanningharmonieswhenplayingthepiano,”saysresearcherRobertaBianco.

“Whenweaskedthemtoplayaharmonicallyunexpectedchord,theirbrainsstartedtore-planheactionsfasterthanclassicalpianists.Accordingly,theywerebetterabletoreactandcontinuetheirperformances.”(‘我們從爵士樂(lè)鋼琴家的大腦信號(hào)中發(fā)現(xiàn)了彈鋼琴時(shí)規(guī)劃和聲的靈活性的證據(jù)?！芯咳藛TRobertaBianco說(shuō)：‘當(dāng)我們要求他們演奏一個(gè)意想不到的和弦時(shí)，他們的大腦開(kāi)始比古典鋼琴家更快地重新規(guī)劃行動(dòng)。因此，他們能夠更好地反應(yīng)并繼續(xù)他們的表演?！?”可知，研究者從爵士樂(lè)鋼琴家的腦電波中發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們演奏和弦時(shí)計(jì)劃的靈活性，并且當(dāng)要求他們演奏一個(gè)和聲上意外的和弦時(shí)，他們的大腦開(kāi)始更快地重新規(guī)劃動(dòng)作，因此他們能夠更好地反應(yīng)并繼續(xù)他們的表演。由此可知，爵士樂(lè)鋼琴家被認(rèn)為更靈活是因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谘葑嘀懈鼫?zhǔn)備好改變。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分;滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的7個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。SendingastronautstoMarsisabigchallenge.It’salong,dangerousjourney.AndastronautswillhavetotakeEVERYTHINGtheyneed.____16____Launchingthingsintospaceisexpensive.“TogettoMarswealreadyhavethetechnology,”saysMichaelFlynn.“Theproblemis,it’scostly.”____17____Insteadofbuildingaheavyspaceshipandpackingitfullofstuff,whynotbuildWaterWalls—arecyclingsystemandusethestuffaspartofthespaceship?Makingoxygenandtakingawaycarbondioxide—thewastegasyoubreatheout—isoneprobleminspace.WaterWallswillremovecarbondioxidethesamewayit’sdonehereonEarth—withlivingplants.Livingplantstakeincarbondioxidetomaketheirfood,andgiveoffoxygen.Butplantsarehardtogrowinaspacecraft.____18____Algaearetinyplantsthatliveinwater.Thealgaewillliveinbagsinthewallstoo,fedbypoopandsunlight,eatingupcarbondioxideandmakingoxygenfortheastronautstobreathe.____19____It’scompact(緊密的),efficient,anddoesn’tneedalotoffancymachinerythatmightbreakdown.AmissiontoMarswillrequireastronautstogetbacktonature.Alas,thehumanbodyneedsalotofhelptosurviveinspace.Ifonlyweweremorelikethetardigrade!Tardigradesareverytinyinsect-likecreaturesthatliveinsoil.Whentheyfindthemselvesindanger,theyrollthemselvesupintoaballanddryout.Inthisstatetheycansurvivewithoutfoodorwaterfor100years.____20____A.Algaecanbeagoodchoice.B.Nothingiswastedinthespacecraft.C.ButFlynnthinkshehasasolution.D.SoatriptoMarsisfullofpackingchallenge.E.Ifonlywecouldtrainthemtoflyaspaceship.F.Thisonboardrecyclingsystemhasmanyadvantages.G.Themoreyoutake,themorerocketsyoumustlaunch,andthemoreitcosts.【答案】16.D17.C18.A19.F20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是說(shuō)明文。介紹了關(guān)于火星之旅的挑戰(zhàn)、成本問(wèn)題以及一種可能的解決方案——使用WaterWalls回收系統(tǒng)，并提到了藻類作為可能的選擇，以及這種系統(tǒng)的一些優(yōu)勢(shì)?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)前文“SendingastronautstoMarsisabigchallenge.It’salong,dangerousjourney.AndastronautswillhavetotakeEVERYTHINGtheyneed.(將宇航員送上火星是一項(xiàng)巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。這是一段漫長(zhǎng)而危險(xiǎn)的旅程。宇航員將不得不帶上他們所需要的一切)”可知，設(shè)空位于段尾是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，所以D項(xiàng)“SoatriptoMarsisfullofpackingchallenge.(所以火星之旅充滿了打包的挑戰(zhàn))”符合文意，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，宇航員需要帶上很多東西，但是空間有限，所以充滿了打包的挑戰(zhàn)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)第二段“Launchingthingsintospaceisexpensive.“TogettoMars,wealreadyhavethetechnology,”saysMichaelFlynn.“Theproblemis,it’scostly.”(向太空發(fā)射東西是昂貴的。“為了到達(dá)火星，我們已經(jīng)有了技術(shù)，”邁克爾·弗林說(shuō)。“問(wèn)題是，成本太高了?！?”可知，此處是講述送東西到火星，成本太高，后文“Insteadofbuildingaheavyspaceshipandpackingitfullofstuff,whynotbuildWaterWalls—arecyclingsystemandusethestuffaspartofthespaceship?(與其建造一艘沉重的宇宙飛船并把它裝滿東西，為什么不建造WaterWalls——一個(gè)回收系統(tǒng)，把這些東西作為宇宙飛船的一部分呢?)”可知，是提出一種解決方法，所以C項(xiàng)“ButFlynnthinkshehasasolution.(但弗林認(rèn)為他有辦法)”符合文意，承接上文，并引出下文。故選C項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)前文“Makingoxygenandtakingawaycarbondioxide——thewastegasyoubreatheout—isoneprobleminspace.WaterWallswillremovecarbondioxidethesamewayit’sdonehereonEarth—withlivingplants.Livingplantstakeincarbondioxidetomaketheirfood,andgiveoffoxygen.Butplantsarehardtogrowinaspacecraft.(制造氧氣和帶走二氧化碳——你呼出的廢氣——是太空中的一個(gè)問(wèn)題。WaterWalls會(huì)像在地球上一樣通過(guò)植物去除二氧化碳?；畹闹参镂斩趸紒?lái)制造食物，并釋放氧氣。但是植物很難在宇宙飛船中生長(zhǎng))”可知，前文講述植物很難在宇宙飛船中生長(zhǎng)，再根據(jù)后文“Algaearetinyplantsthatliveinwater.(藻類是生活在水中的微小植物)”可知，后文開(kāi)始介紹藻類，所以空處應(yīng)是提到用藻類解決指物很難在宇宙飛船中生長(zhǎng)問(wèn)題，所以A項(xiàng)“Algaecanbeagoodchoice.(藻類是一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的選擇)”符合文意，提出解決方案，引出下文。故選A項(xiàng)。【19題詳析】設(shè)空位于段首，為本段中心句，根據(jù)后文“It’scompact(緊密的),efficient,anddoesn’tneedalotoffancymachinerythatmightbreakdown.AmissiontoMarswillrequireastronautstogetbacktonature.(它緊湊、高效，而且不需要很多可能會(huì)壞掉的花哨機(jī)器。前往火星的任務(wù)將要求宇航員回歸大自然)”可知，本段在講述WaterWalls回收系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，所以F項(xiàng)“Thisonboardrecyclingsystemhasmanyadvantages.(這種機(jī)載回收系統(tǒng)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn))”符合本段主題，為本段中心句。故選F項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】設(shè)空位于段尾，是對(duì)前文的總結(jié)，根據(jù)前文“Alas,thehumanbodyneedsalotofhelptosurviveinspace.Ifonlyweweremorelikethetardigrade!Tardigradesareverytinyinsect-likecreaturesthatliveinsoil.Whentheyfindthemselvesindanger,theyrollthemselvesupintoaballanddryout.Inthisstatetheycansurvivewithoutfoodorwaterfor100years.(唉，人體需要很多幫助才能在太空中生存。要是我們更像水熊蟲(chóng)就好了!緩步動(dòng)物是一種非常小的昆蟲(chóng)狀生物，生活在土壤中。當(dāng)它們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，它們會(huì)把自己卷成一團(tuán)，然后干死。在這種狀態(tài)下，他們可以在沒(méi)有食物和水的情況下生存100年)”可知，此處是在講述水熊蟲(chóng)這種生物對(duì)于宇宙航行的優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以E項(xiàng)“Ifonlywecouldtrainthemtoflyaspaceship.(要是我們能訓(xùn)練他們駕駛宇宙飛船就好了)”是對(duì)前文提到的水熊蟲(chóng)的假設(shè)，符合文意。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)及應(yīng)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。IncentralAfghanistan’sBamyanValleystandsthefamousBuddhasofBamyan(巴米揚(yáng)大佛).Hemmatwassellingticketsfortheculturalheritageinsideacoolticketofficeinsteadofinthe____21____sun.However,thathadnotalwaysbeenthe____22____.“Inthepast,weworkedinthesun,snowandrain,”Hemmatsaid.Thingshavebeen____23____afterthebuildingoftwoticketofficeswhicharealso____24____asconservationworkstationsinthedaytime,andsecurityguardpositionsatnight.Theseticketofficesarebuiltwiththe____25____ofagroupofyoungscholarsfromChina’suniversities,andFriendsofDunhuang,whohavedonatedmoneyforthe____26____.Duetoyearsofwarandeconomichardships,____27____inBamyanValleywerenot____28____andcleanedforalongtime,letalonebeingpresentedwithanintroduction.The____29____thatwerestoppingthe_____30_____oftheculturalheritagehavebeensolvednow.“Withourspecificsuggestionsandfinancial_____31_____,mostofthecavesneartheBuddhasitehavebeen_____32_____numberedandinstalledwithintroductionnameplates,”saidShaoXuecheng,amemberofFriendsofDunhuang.Inaddition,theChinesescholarsstarteda_____33_____toteachlocalchildrenhowtopreserveculturalheritages.Kidsfrompoorfamiliescouldreceive_____34_____forfree.China’sgreateffortsinculturalheritageprotectionhavebeenwidely_____35_____.“IamgratefultoourChinesefriends,”Hemmatsaid.21.A.burning B.rising C.warm D.golden22.A.truth B.standard C.case D.tradition23.A.unexpected B.worsened C.affected D.improved24.A.regarded B.used C.described D.identified25.A.assistance B.belief C.encouragement D.creativity26.A.guards B.locals C.construction D.shelter27.A.offices B.caves C.facilities D.buildings28.A.explored B.discovered C.remembered D.numbered29.A.ideas B.problems C.warnings D.puzzles30.A.development B.challenges C.protection D.damage31.A.support B.management C.planning D.report32.A.officially B.intentionally C.carelessly D.easily33.A.business B.program C.career D.study34.A.food B.money C.information D.training35.A.enjoyed B.recognized C.discussed D.ignored【答案】21.A22.C23.D24.B25.A26.C27.B28.D29.B30.C31.A32.A33.B34.D35.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講述了中國(guó)在阿富汗巴米揚(yáng)山谷的文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)工作中所做出的貢獻(xiàn)和努力?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Hemmat在涼爽的售票處出售文化遺產(chǎn)門(mén)票，而不是在烈日下。A.burning炙熱的；B.rising升起的；C.warm溫暖的；D.golden金色的。根據(jù)上文“insideacoolticketofficeinsteadof”可知，Hemmat沒(méi)有在烈日下賣票，而是在涼爽的售票處，空格處意為“炙熱的”。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，之前情況并非總是如此。A.truth真相；B.standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；C.case情況；D.tradition傳統(tǒng)。根據(jù)下文“Inthepast,weworkedinthesun,snowandrain”可知，在以前，情況并不是上文所描述的那樣。故選C?！?3題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在建成兩個(gè)售票處后，情況有所改善，售票處白天也用作保護(hù)工作站，晚上也用作保安崗位。A.unexpected出乎意料；B.worsened惡化；C.affected影響；D.improved改善。根據(jù)下文“afterthebuildingoftwoticketoffices”可知，在建成兩個(gè)售票處后，情況有所改善。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在建成兩個(gè)售票處后，情況有所改善，售票處白天也用作保護(hù)工作站，晚上也用作保安崗位。A.regarded認(rèn)為；B.used用；C.described描述；D.identified識(shí)別。根據(jù)下文“asconservationworkstations”可知，售票處被當(dāng)作保護(hù)工作站，beusedas意為“被用作”。故選B。【25題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些售票處是在一群來(lái)自中國(guó)大學(xué)的年輕學(xué)者和敦煌之友的幫助下建造的，他們?yōu)榻ㄔ焯峁┝速Y金。A.assistance幫助；B.belief信念；C.encouragement鼓勵(lì)；D.creativity創(chuàng)造力。根據(jù)下文“whohavedonatedmoney”可知，年輕學(xué)者和敦煌之友幫助建了售票處。故選A?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些售票處是在一群來(lái)自中國(guó)大學(xué)的年輕學(xué)者和敦煌之友的幫助下建造的，他們?yōu)榻ㄔ焯峁┝速Y金。A.guards守衛(wèi)；B.locals當(dāng)?shù)厝?；C.construction建造；D.shelter避難所。根據(jù)上文“Theseticketofficesarebuiltwiththe_____ofagroupofyoungscholarsfromChina’suniversities,andFriendsofDunhuang”可知，年輕學(xué)者和敦煌之友為了建售票處提供資金。故選C。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于多年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，巴米揚(yáng)山谷的洞穴很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間沒(méi)有編號(hào)和清潔，更不用說(shuō)介紹了。A.offices辦公室；B.caves洞穴；C.facilities設(shè)施；D.buildings建筑。根據(jù)下文“mostofthecavesneartheBuddhasitehavebeen____numbered”可知，此處表示巴米揚(yáng)山谷中的洞穴沒(méi)有編號(hào)。故選B?！?8題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：由于多年的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)困難，巴米揚(yáng)山谷的洞穴很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間沒(méi)有編號(hào)和清潔，更不用說(shuō)介紹了。A.explored探索；B.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.remembered記得；D.numbered編號(hào)。根據(jù)下文“mostofthecavesneartheBuddhasitehavebeen____numbered”可知，巴米揚(yáng)山谷的洞穴很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間沒(méi)有編號(hào)。故選D。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：阻礙文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)的問(wèn)題現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)解決了。A.ideas想法；B.problems問(wèn)題；C.warnings警告；D.puzzles謎題。根據(jù)上文“y