SectionFour

Unit10:CondensationUnit11:EvaporationUnit12:MechanicalRefrigerationPrincipleSectionfourReadingMaterial:CondenserReadingMaterial:EvaporatorsUnit12:MechanicalRefrigerationPrincipleReadingMaterial:TheRefrigerationCycleUnit10:CondensationNewWords&ExpressionsTextNotestothe

TextExerciseNewWords&Expressionscondensationn.冷凝possessvt.具有;擁有;占有;outletn.出口integralpart主要的部分,整數(shù)部分integrala.n.

組成的，完整的整體，總體reservoir

n.

vt.儲存器，容量，蓄水池儲藏condensingunit冷凝機(jī)組convertvt.使轉(zhuǎn)變,轉(zhuǎn)換...,使...改變信仰extractn.vt.精,汁,榨出物,拔出,析取,吸取latentadj.潛在的,潛伏的,隱藏的n.隱約的指印water-cooledcondenser水冷式冷凝器air-cooledcondenser空氣冷卻式冷凝器circulatingwatercondenser循環(huán)水冷凝器NewWords&Expressionspartialadj.部分的,局部的,偏袒的,偏愛的sprinklern.灑（噴）水設(shè)備spraycondenser淋澆式冷凝器evaporativea.蒸發(fā)的marinen.adj.

艦隊(duì),海運(yùn)業(yè)航海的,船舶的,海運(yùn)的unitarya.整體的installation

v.設(shè)備，裝置，裝備Text

制冷劑在作為過熱氣體離開壓縮機(jī)時，通過排氣管道進(jìn)入冷凝器。冷凝器的作用就是提供一種設(shè)施，通過這種設(shè)施可以使蒸汽排出它在通過蒸發(fā)器期間吸收的熱和壓縮熱，并把它恢復(fù)到液體狀態(tài)。冷凝器是成排排列的管子構(gòu)成的，它們具有高溫傳導(dǎo)熱特性。這些管子受到連續(xù)不斷流動的冷卻介質(zhì)的作用，通常這些冷凍介質(zhì)是水或空氣，它們從制冷劑那里吸收熱。Therefrigerant,uponleavingthecompressorasasuperheatedgas,entersacondenserthroughthedischargeline.Thepurposeofthecondenseristoprovideameansbywhichthevapormayejecttheheatabsorbedduringitspassagethroughtheevaporator,aswellastheheatofcompression,andreconvertittoaliquid.1Thecondenserisanarrangementofpipesortubes,possessinghighheatconductionproperties.Thesepipesoftubesareexposedtoacontinuousflowofcoolingmedium,usuallywaterorair,whichabsorbstheheatfromtherefrigerant.Text

連接冷凝器出口并在一些系統(tǒng)中與冷凝器本身構(gòu)成一個整體部分的是個叫貯液桶的貯存器。貯液桶的用途是貯存冷凝成液體的制冷劑，并把它保存起來，直到蒸發(fā)器需要時為止。貯液桶的大小應(yīng)該足夠容納這個制冷系統(tǒng)所使用的全部液體制冷劑。壓縮機(jī)、冷凝器和貯液桶連在一起被稱作壓縮冷凝機(jī)組。因?yàn)闉榱送瓿烧羝麎嚎s系統(tǒng)中高壓側(cè)的功能，它需要這個機(jī)組中所有三個部分的運(yùn)行和操作。Connectedtotheoutletofthecondenser,andinsomesystemsforminganintegralpartofthecondenseritself,isatankorreservoirknownasliquidreceiver.Thepurposeofthelatteristoreceivetheliquidrefrigerantuponcondensingandtoholdituntilsuchtimeasitisrequiredbytheevaporator.2Theliquidreceivershouldbelargeenoughtoholdtheentirerefrigerantofthesysteminaliquidstate.Thecompressor,thecondenser,andtheliquidreceivercombinationisreferredtoasthecondensingunitbecauseitrequirestheservicesofallthreeofthesepiecesofequipmenttocompletethefunctionofthehigh-pressuresideofavaporcompressionsystem.Text

冷凝器的功能是把過熱的氣體轉(zhuǎn)變成液體狀態(tài)。它是一個涉及溫差原理的熱交換器，它提取從蒸汽中排除的蒸發(fā)潛熱和在蒸發(fā)器中由制冷劑吸收顯熱以及由壓縮造成的過熱。這就使沸點(diǎn)溫度下的蒸汽轉(zhuǎn)變成液體，沸點(diǎn)是與壓縮機(jī)施加壓力相對應(yīng)的。把蒸汽轉(zhuǎn)變成液體。Thefunctionofthecondenseristoconvertthesuperheatedgastoitsliquidform.Itisaheatexchangerinvolvingtheprincipleoftemperaturedifferential.Itextractsfromthevaporthelatentheatofvaporizationandthesensibleheatabsorbedbytherefrigerantintheevaporator,plusthesuperheatresultedfromcompression.3Thisresultsintransformingthevaportoaliquidattheboiling-pointtemperaturecorrespondingtothepressureexertedbythecompressor.Text

冷凝器是制冷劑在其中冷凝的熱交換器。在加工期間，熱從壓縮氣體流動到冷卻介質(zhì)，從而使氣體冷凝。氣體冷凝的壓力是冷凝器內(nèi)所保持溫度的函數(shù)。所用冷卻介質(zhì)可以是空氣，也可以是水或是兩者的結(jié)合。使氣體冷凝的壓力叫做冷凝壓力，與其對應(yīng)的溫度叫做冷凝溫度。冷凝的制冷劑通過液體導(dǎo)管從冷凝器傳送到調(diào)節(jié)閥。Thecondenseristheheatexchangerinwhichtherefrigerantcondenses.Heatflowsfromthecompressedgastothecoolingmediumandcondenseduringtheprocess.Thepressureatwhichthegascondensesisafunctionofthetemperaturemaintainedwithinthecondenser.Thecoolingmediumusedmaybyair,wateroracombinationofthetwo.Thepressureatwhichthegascondensesiscalledthecondensingpressure,andthecorrespondingtemperatureiscalledthecondensingtemperature.Thecondensedrefrigeranttravelsfromthecondensertotheexpansionvalvethroughtheliquidline.Text

調(diào)節(jié)閥調(diào)節(jié)控制著液體制冷劑流向蒸發(fā)器的流量，以便使蒸發(fā)器保持著幾乎充滿了液體制冷劑的狀態(tài)。假使液體制冷劑充滿了蒸發(fā)器那么調(diào)節(jié)閥就會調(diào)節(jié)控制液體制冷劑不再進(jìn)入吸入導(dǎo)管。當(dāng)離開調(diào)節(jié)閥時，液體制冷劑進(jìn)入蒸發(fā)器，制冷循環(huán)又重新開始。制冷機(jī)的冷凝器可分成：水冷式冷凝器和氣冷式冷凝器。它是通過水的加熱和部分液化將熱量帶走，這種水冷冷凝器叫循環(huán)水冷凝器。通過使水受熱和部分蒸發(fā)排出熱的冷凝器叫噴淋式冷凝器。只是通過水蒸發(fā)排除熱的冷凝器叫蒸發(fā)式冷凝器。Theexpansionvalveregulatestheflowofliquidrefrigeranttotheevaporatorsothattheevaporatorismaintainednearlyfullofliquidrefrigerant,butsothatliquidrefrigerantdoesnotenterthesuctionline.Uponleavingtheexpansionvalve,theliquidenterstheevaporator,andthecyclestartsanewone.Condensersofrefrigerationmachinesareclassifiedas:water-cooledcondensersandair-cooledcondensers.Thewater-coolediscalledcirculatingwatercondenser.Thecondensersinwhichheatisremovedbyheatingandpartialevaporationofwaterarecalledsprinklerorspraycondensers.Condensersinwhichheatisremovedonlybyevaporationofwaterarecalledevaporativecondensers.Text

循環(huán)水冷凝器僅僅用于船用制冷設(shè)備中，制造的類型有：殼管臥式，蛇形管式，單體式立式管殼式等等。殼管臥式和蛇形管式冷凝器被用在船用制冷設(shè)備中。

Circulatingwatercondensersaretheonlyonesinmarinerefrigerationplants.Severaltypesaremanufactured:horizontalshellandtube,shellandcoil,unitary,verticalshellandtube,etc.Horizontalshellandtubeandshellandcoilcondensersareusedinmarineinstallations.4NotestotheTextNotestotheText

1、Thepurposeofthecondenseristoprovideameansbywhichthevapormayejecttheheatabsorbedduringitspassagethroughtheevaporator,aswellastheheatofcompressionandreconvertittoaliquid.冷凝器的作用就是提供一種設(shè)施，通過這種設(shè)施，使蒸汽可以排出，在經(jīng)過蒸發(fā)器期間吸收的熱和壓縮熱，并把蒸氣恢復(fù)到液體狀態(tài)。absorbedduringevaporator,是個過去分詞短語，修飾heat."during……evaporator"是介詞短語作狀語，修飾absorbed.aswellas是個固定詞組，意思是"和……作得一樣好"，"和……一樣"，"不但……而且"例如：Youworkaswellashe.你和他一樣都工作得很好。Air,aswellaswater,isneededtomakeplantsgrow.空氣和水一樣都是植物生長所必需的。Wecanturnelectricenergyintolightenergyaswellasintoheatenergy.我們不但能把電能轉(zhuǎn)化為熱能，也能轉(zhuǎn)化成光能。

NotestotheText貯液筒的作用是接受冷凝的液體制冷劑，并把它貯存起來，一直到蒸發(fā)器需要它時為止。uponcondensing是個介詞短語，作定語，修飾refrigerant.such……as是個固定搭配，意思是"象……這（那）樣"，"象……之類"。such在句中作定語，修飾句中的某個名詞，而as作為關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞，引導(dǎo)一個定語從句，在從句中as即可以做主語也可以做賓語或表語。例如：Wewillgiveyousuchdataaswillhelpyouinyourwork.(as作主語)我們將提供給你們那種對你們工作有幫助的資料。

Wehopetogetsuchtoolasheisusing.我們希望能夠得到一個象他正在使用的那種工具。2、Thepurposeofthelatteristoreceivetheliquidrefrigerantuponcondensingandtoholeituntilsuchtimeasitisrequiredbytheevaporator.NotestotheText它從蒸汽中吸取蒸發(fā)潛熱和被蒸發(fā)器中的制冷劑吸收的顯熱，再加上由壓縮引起的過熱。動詞extract是及物動詞，所以fromthevapor是介詞短語作狀語，修飾extract，賓語是thelatentheatofvaporization。attract……from……是個固定搭配，意思是"從……提取……"。例如：Wecanextractoilfromolive.我們能從橄欖中榨油。resultfrom是個固定詞組，意思是"起因于"，"由……引起"。例如：Acompound,asweknowit,resultsfromthechemicalunionoftwoormoreelements.就我們所知，化合物是由兩個或兩個以上的元素化合而成的。

3、Itextractsfromthevaporthelatentheatofvaporizationandthesensibleheatabsorbedbytherefrigerantintheevaporator,plusthesuperheatresultingfromcompression.NotestotheText臥式殼管式和蛇形管式冷凝器用于船只上的制冷設(shè)備。usedin……是個固定詞組意思是"用于"。例如：Steeliswidelyusedinengineeringforitspropertiesaremostsuitableforconstructionpur