SectionTwo

Unit4：ToolsandEquipmentUnit5：ThermometersUnit6：ElectricalInstrumentUnit4：ToolsandEquipmentNewWords&ExpressionsTextNotestothe

TextExerciseNewWords&Expressions[機(jī)]擴(kuò)口工具|脹管器theNationalElectricalCode(NEC)國(guó)家電氣規(guī)程pliersn.鉗子；老虎鉗（plier的復(fù)數(shù)形式）fusepuller熔絲拔鉗cartridgefuses熔線(xiàn)筒cartridgefuse熔斷絲管|熔絲管|筒式熔斷器phenolic

n.adj.[膠粘]酚醛樹(shù)脂[有化]酚的screwdrivers

n.螺刀；螺絲批；螺絲起子crescent

n.新月，弦月，新月形的東西hexagonal

adj.六邊的，六角形的propanen.[有化]丙烷hacksawn.鋼鋸；可鋸金屬的弓形鋸vt.用鋼鋸鋸斷flaringtoolText

空調(diào)技術(shù)員必須在帶電狀態(tài)下工作。安全地使用各種工具盒設(shè)備是必須的。在安裝和維護(hù)空調(diào)裝置的電氣設(shè)備需要使用專(zhuān)用工具。電線(xiàn)和線(xiàn)路應(yīng)該按國(guó)家電氣規(guī)程安裝。下面簡(jiǎn)單介紹安裝空調(diào)和制冷設(shè)備的重要工具。Theair-conditioningtechnicianmustworkwithelec-tricity.Itisnecessarytousesafelythevarioustoolsandequipment.Specialtoolsareneededtoinstallandmaintainelectricalservicetoair-conditioningunits.WiresandwiringshouldbeinstalledaccordingtotheNationalElectricalCode(NEC).Fol-lowingisabriefdiscussionofthemoreimportanttoolsusedbytheelectricianintheinstallationofairconditioningandrefrigerationequipment.1Text

老虎鉗鉗子有各種規(guī)格和形狀以滿(mǎn)足專(zhuān)業(yè)應(yīng)用。鉗子可以使用絕緣或不絕緣的手柄。雖然在帶電工作帶有絕緣手柄的鉗子，但依然不能認(rèn)為已經(jīng)足夠防護(hù)。還必須有其他防護(hù)措施。在面板或箱內(nèi)近距離工作時(shí)采用長(zhǎng)頭鉗。熔絲拔鉗熔絲拔鉗用來(lái)排除手工拔下和更換熔絲筒的危險(xiǎn)。如圖1-2所示。它也可以用來(lái)彎曲保險(xiǎn)絲，調(diào)整松動(dòng)的保險(xiǎn)盒和接觸帶電元件。它由絕緣的酚醛樹(shù)脂材料制造而成。熔絲拔鉗的兩端都有用。注意，一端用于大號(hào)保險(xiǎn)絲，一端用于小號(hào)保險(xiǎn)絲。PliersPlierscomeinanumberofsizesandshapesdesignedforspecialapplications.2SeeFig.4-1.Pliersareavailablewitheitherinsulatedorun-insulatedhandles.Althoughplierswithinsulatedhandlesarealwaysusedwhenworkingon“hot”wires，theymustnotbeconsideredsuffi-cientprotectionalone.Otherprecautionsmustbetaken.Long-nosepliersareusedforcloseworkinpan-elsorboxes.FusePullerThefusepullerisdesignedtoeliminatethedangerofpullingandreplacingcartridgefusesbyhandFig.4-2.Itisalsousedforbendingfuseclips,adjustingloosecutoutclips,andhandlingliveelectricalparts.Itismadeofa

phenolicmaterial,whichisaninsulator.Bothendsofthepullerareused.Keepinmindthatoneendisforlarge-diameterfuses;theotherisforsmall-diameterfuses.Text

螺絲刀螺絲刀有許多尺寸及刀頭形狀。電工和空調(diào)技術(shù)員用的螺絲刀必須帶有絕緣手柄。為了能安全有效的使用，螺絲刀頭必須保持直且鋒利。要選擇不同的螺絲刀適用于不同螺絲釘?shù)牟劭?。如圖4-3所示。螺絲刀的變形種類(lèi)帶有星形的頭，用于十字頭螺釘。十字頭螺釘在生產(chǎn)設(shè)備上很常見(jiàn)。十字頭螺釘帶有四個(gè)插槽可確保螺絲刀頭不會(huì)滑出。如圖4-4所示。ScrewdriversScrewdriverscomeinmanysizesandtipshapes.Thoseusedbyelectriciansandrefrigerationtechniciansshouldhaveinsulatedhandles.Forsafeandefficientuse,screwdrivertipsshouldbekeptsquareandsharp.Theyshouldbese-lectedtomatchthescrewslot.SeeFig.4-3.ThePhillips-headscrewdriverhasatiplikingastarandisusedwithaPhillipsscrew.Thesescrewsarecommonlyfoundinproductionequipment.Thepresenceoffourslotsassuresthatthescrewdriverwillnotslipintheheadofthescrew.SeeFig.4-4.Text

扳手如圖4-5所示為三種用于空調(diào)與制冷行業(yè)的扳手。最常用的可調(diào)節(jié)開(kāi)口扳手稱(chēng)為鉤扳手。活動(dòng)扳手用于六角形或方形配件，比如機(jī)械螺栓，六角螺母或管子。管鉗用于管子和導(dǎo)管。在能用勾扳手和活動(dòng)扳手的地方不必用管鉗。管鉗的節(jié)骨不適用于壓力大的正方形或六邊形材料。用這種方式濫用管鉗，會(huì)使鉗口牙齒磨損，并且在材料的工作面上留下瑕疵。WrenchesThreetypesofwrenchesusedbytheair-conditioningandrefrigerationtradeareshowninFig.4-5.Theadjustableopen-endwrenchesarecommonlycalled

crescentwrenches.Monkeywrenchesareusedonhexagonalandsquarefittingssuchasmachinebolts,hexagonalnuts,orconduitunions.Pipewrenchesareusedforpipeandconduitwork.Theyshouldnotbeusedwherecrescentormonkeywrenchescanbeused.Theirconstructionwillnotpermittheapplicationofheavypressureonsquareorhexagonalmaterial.3Continuedmisuseofthetoolinthismannerwilldeformtheteethonthejawfaceandmarthesurfacesofthematerialbeingworked.4WrenchesThreetypesofwrenchesusedbytheair-conditioningandrefrigerationText

焊接裝置制冷技術(shù)員使用的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)焊接裝備由相同的設(shè)備構(gòu)成。如圖1-6所示。包括不帶電的丙烷噴槍或電烙鐵，或者兩者兼有。工具箱一些工具制造商為制冷行業(yè)生產(chǎn)出工具箱。如圖4-所示是一款很好的例子。在這款可拆卸工具箱里，有檢漏儀。還有量規(guī)。當(dāng)用不著可調(diào)扳手，管子切割機(jī)，鋼鋸，擴(kuò)口工具，圓頭錘時(shí)，可掛在墻上和互相調(diào)換。了解工具是維修工的必須做到的。SolderingEquipmentThestandardsolderingkitusedbyelectriciansconsistsofthesameequipmentthattherefrigerationmechanicsuse.SeeFig.4-6.Itconsistsofanon-electricsolderingdeviceintheformofatorchwithpropanefuelcylinderoranelectricsolderingiron,orboth.ToolKitsSometoolmanufacturersmakeuptoolkitsforthere-frigeration.SeeFig.4-7foragoodexample.IntheSnap-ontoolkit，theleakdetec-torispartofthekit.Thegagesarealsoincluded.Anadjustablewrench,tubingcutter,hacksaw,flaringtool,andball-peenhammercanbehungonthewallandre-placedwhennotinuse.Oneoftheproblemsforanyrepairpersoniskeepingtrackoftools.NotestotheTextUnit1NotestotheText1.Fol-lowingisabriefdiscussionofthemoreimportanttoolsusedbytheelectricianintheinstallationofairconditioningandrefrigerationequipment.句中Fol-lowing是主語(yǔ)，briefdiscussion是補(bǔ)語(yǔ)；介詞短語(yǔ)ofthemoreimportanttools修飾discussion；usedby引導(dǎo)的過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)修飾tools。brief意為“

簡(jiǎn)明扼要的”例：Nowpleasebebrief–mytimeisvaluable.現(xiàn)在請(qǐng)長(zhǎng)話(huà)短說(shuō)–我的時(shí)間很寶貴。Unit1NotestotheText句中，Pliers是主語(yǔ)comein為謂語(yǔ)anumberofsizesandshapes是賓語(yǔ)。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)designedforspecialapplications修飾sizesandshapes。comein意為“開(kāi)始使用；起作用；出現(xiàn)。例如：Nylonstockingscameinsoonaftertheendofthewar.戰(zhàn)后不久尼龍襪子就時(shí)興起來(lái)。Hereistheplanofattack,andthisiswhereyoucomein.這是進(jìn)攻示意圖，你負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)地區(qū)。That'swherethetroubleoftencomesin.那就是經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)糾紛之處。2.Plierscomeinanumberofsizesandshapesdesignedforspecialapplications.Unit1NotestotheText句中construction是主語(yǔ)，willnotpermit為謂語(yǔ)，theapplication為賓語(yǔ)。借此短語(yǔ)ofheavypressure和onsquareorhexagonalmaterial用來(lái)修飾賓語(yǔ)。permit意為“許可；允許”。例如：Trytogooutforawalkatlunchtime,iftheweatherpermits.如果天氣條件允許，午飯時(shí)盡量出去散散步。Smokingisnotpermitted.不許吸煙。3.Theirconstructionwillnotpermittheapplicationofheavypressureonsquareorhexagonalmaterial.Unit1NotestotheText用這種方式濫用管鉗，會(huì)使鉗口牙齒磨損，并且在材料的工作面上留下瑕疵。句中Continuedmisuseofthetoolinthismanner做主語(yǔ)，后面是并列成分。willdeform和mar是謂語(yǔ)，theteeth和thesurfaces是賓語(yǔ)。misuse意為“濫用；誤用”。例如：Ihatetoseehermisusinghertimelikethat.我不愿看到她把時(shí)間用在不正當(dāng)?shù)氖虑樯稀hemisuseofpowerandprivilege.…權(quán)力和特權(quán)的濫用。4.Continuedmisuseofthetoolinthismannerwilldeformtheteethonthejawf