（英語）高考英語高中英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)解題技巧及練習(xí)題一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Movinginwithaboyfriendcauseswomentoeatmoreunhealthilyandputonweight.Buttheoppositeistrueformen,whoselong-termhealthbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner.

DieticiansatNewcastleUniversitysaidbothpartnerstrytopleaseoneanother,andsochangetheirdietaryhabitstosuittheirotherhalf.

Itleadsmentoeatmorelightmeals,suchassalads,fruitandvegetables,whilewomenchoosetomakecreamier,heavierdishescurryorrichpastasauces,whichmaypleasetheirpartner.Womenstillhavethestrongestlong-terminfluenceoverthecouple'sdietandlifestyle,astheystillhavethetraditionalroleofshopperandcookinmosthouseholds.

Thereport,byNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,reviewedthefindingofavarietyofresearchprojectsfromtheUK,NorthAmericaandAustralia,whichlookedattheeatingandlifestylehabitsofcouples.

Theresearchshowsthatwomenaremorelikelytoputonweightandincreasetheirconsumptionoffoodshighinfatandsugarwhentheymoveinwiththeirpartner

Womenalsousefoodasacomfortwhendealingwithemotionalstressandhavebeenfoundtogainweightwhenarelationshipends,whilethesamefindinghasnotbeenobservedinmen.

Manycouplesreportedfoodasbeingcentraltotheirpartnership,andeatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.

ReportauthorandregistereddieticianDr.AmeliaLakesaid,"Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration."（1）Accordingtothepassage,movinginwithagirlfriend,men________.A.

havefewchangesoftheirdietaryhabits

B.

havetoeatmoreunhealthyfoodsC.

don'tlikefoodshighinfatandsugaratall

D.

trytoeatfoodsthattheirgirlfriendslike（2）Theunderlinedword"light"(inParagraph4)probablymeans________.A.

notveryheavy

B.

lessinfatandsugar

C.

gentle

D.

notseriousorimportant（3）AccordingtothereportbyNewcastleUniversity'sHumanNutritionResearchCentre,________.A.

womenputonweightonlybecausetheywanttosuittheirotherhalfB.

whenmenarefacedwithemotionalstress,theywillchangetheirdietaryhabitsC.

eatingtogetherintheeveningisagoodwaytocommunicateforcouplesD.

itiswrongtochangeyourdietaryhabitstosuityourpartner（4）Fromthepassage,wecaninferthat________.A.

womenshouldpaymoreattentiontotheirpartner'sinfluenceonthemB.

moremenwillplayrolesofshopperandcookinmosthouseholdsC.

coupleswillnotchangetheirdietaryhabitsandlifestyletopleasetheirpartnerD.

long-termhealthofmenbenefitswhentheymoveinwithafemalepartner（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

Don'tbesillyanymore,women!

B.

Whicharebetterdietaryhabits?C.

Boyfriendsmakeyoufat

D.

Dr.AmeliaLakeandhisstudy【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A（5）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的營養(yǎng)學(xué)專家的研究表明，同居讓女人發(fā)胖讓男人更健康。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“whichmaypleasetheirpartner”可知，男女雙方會(huì)改變自己的飲食習(xí)慣來迎合對(duì)方，因此男士會(huì)吃他的女伴喜歡吃的食物。故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“salads,fruitandvegetables”可推斷，light在此是“清淡的”的意思，脂肪和糖的含量比較少。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“eatingtogetherintheeveningwasparticularlyimportanttomany.”晚上一起吃飯對(duì)許多人來說特別重要，可知選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Theresearchhasshownthatyourpartnerisastronginfluenceonlifestyleandpeoplewhoaretryingtolivehealthierlivesshouldtakethisfactorintoconsideration.”研究表明你的伴侶對(duì)你的生活方式有很大的影響,那些試圖過上健康生活的人應(yīng)該考慮到這一因素?？蛇xA。（5）考查主旨大意。紐卡斯?fàn)柎髮W(xué)的營養(yǎng)學(xué)專家的研究表明，同居讓女人發(fā)胖讓男人更健康。C項(xiàng)幽默風(fēng)趣，能吸引讀者的注意，并切中文章的主題。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Tabletsarereallyusefuldevices,buttheirbigscreensalwaysmakethemasaburdentocarryaroundwithoutabag.Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?

Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.InFebruary,SouthKoreanelectronicscompanySamsungandChina'sHuaweibothlaunchedfoldablephones,theGalaxyFoldandHuaweiMateXrespectively.Mobilephoneusehasenteredthe"foldablefuture",TheVergenoted.

Thetechnologycouldchangeourlivesinsignificantways.Thesedevices,duetotheirbendablescreens,giveusthelargerscreenswewant.Meanwhile,theystillfiteasilyintothepocket.AsUSATodaynoted,they're"thecombinationofasmalltabletandsmartphone,allinasingledevice".

Thetechnologycouldchangeotherdevices,too.Forexample,wecouldmakeTVsthatsticktowallslikeposters,orfoldupeasilytohideawayindrawers.Incrowdedmodemcities,theywillhelpustomaximizeavailablespace.

Inakeynoteaddress,Samsung'sseniorvicepresidentofmobileproductmarketing,JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen"thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow"."It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether."hesaid.

Soistherenothingtostandinthewayofthefoldablefuture?AccordingtotechnewswebsiteAndroidAuthority,thenecessarydisplaysweredifficulttoproduce.In2012,nineoutofevery10OLED(二極管)screensproducedwereimperfect.Today,that10percentratehasbeenimprovedtobetween50and90percent.However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.

Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.PatrickMoorhead,anindustryanalysttoldTheVerge,"Fewaredebatingiffoldableorrollablemobiledisplaysarethefutureofsmartphones;theonlyquestioniswhenandbywhom."（1）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Screendevicesonthemarket.

B.

Foldableageisarriving.C.

Possiblepowersofatablet.

D.

Foldablescreensareimperfect.（2）WhatcanwelearnfromJustinDenison'swords?A.

Thefoldablescreenhasgreatpotential.B.

TheGalaxyFoldstillhasmanyproblems.C.

Theproductionoffoldablephoneswillsoonincrease.D.

Companiesneedtoworktogethertodevelopfoldablephone.（3）Whatistheproblemwithfoldablephonesatthemoment?A.

Theyareeasytobreak.

B.

Theyareinconvenienttocarry.C.

Theyarenotasusefulasexpected.

D.

Theyareunaffordableformostfamilies.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthefutureofthefoldablescreen?A.

Worried.

B.

Cautious.

C.

Positive.

D.

Unconcerned.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了“可折疊手機(jī)的時(shí)代即將到來?！保?）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Wouldn'titbegreatiftherewereaphonewiththepowersofatabletthatcouldbefoldedupandfitneatlyintothehand?”如果有一款具有平板電腦功能的手機(jī)，可以折疊起來，整齊地放在手里，那不是很棒嗎?；以及第二段中的“Nowsomethinglikeatablet-shapedbutfoldablephoneisabouttobecomeavailable.”現(xiàn)在，類似于平板形狀的可折疊手機(jī)即將問世?？芍疚闹黝}是“可折疊手機(jī)的時(shí)代即將到來。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“JustinDenison,calledthefoldablescreen‘thefoundationforthesmartphoneoftomorrow’.‘It'sablankcanvas(畫布)forustodosomethingbeautifultogether.’”JustinDenison稱可折疊屏幕是“未來智能手機(jī)的基礎(chǔ)”?！斑@是一塊空白的畫布，我們可以一起做一些美好的事情?！薄翱芍?，我們能從賈斯汀·丹尼森的話中了解到“可折疊屏幕”具有很大的潛力?！惫蔬xA。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“However,atpresentthesefoldabledevicesareexpensive.Forexample,thepriceofHuaweiMateXis17,500RMB.That'sapricethatfewpeoplewillbeabletoafford.”然而，目前這些可折疊設(shè)備價(jià)格昂貴。例如華為MateX的價(jià)格是17500元人民幣。這是一個(gè)很少有人能負(fù)擔(dān)得起的價(jià)格?？芍壳翱烧郫B手機(jī)大多數(shù)家庭都買不起。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Butifthefoldabledeviceisn'tgoingtochangetheworldovernight,thereisnodoubtthatitiscoming.”但如果這種可折疊設(shè)備不能在一夜之間改變世界，那么毫無疑問，它將會(huì)到來?？芍?，作者對(duì)可折疊屏幕的未來持的態(tài)度是積極的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Whenathletesatthe2020TokyoOlympicscollecttheirmedals,they'llnotonlybewearingsomethingthatcelebratestheirsportingperformance,butsomethingthatsymbolizeslastingness.Forboththe2020OlympicsandParalympics,organizersaimtomakeallofthegold,silver,andbronzemedalsoutofusedelectronics.Thisstrongmessageabouthowtomakeuseofe-wastehasgottenalotofJapaninvolved.

StartinginApril2017,theJapaneseOlympicCommitteebegancollectingoldlaptops,digitalcameras,smartphones,andotherabandonedelectronics.Theinitiative(倡議)hasachievedgreatsuccess.Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch.

Whenlookingjustatthenumberofcellphonescollected,theamountofwasteisshocking.Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO.Japan'slargestmobilephoneoperatorallowedthepublictoturninphonesattheirshops,whichcountedalotintheproject'ssuccess.

Afterbeingtakenapartandsorted,thesmallelectronicsunderwentasmeltingprocesstoextract(提煉)allthegold,silver,andbronzeelements.Thankstothisinitiative,theworldwidestrugglewithe-wastewillhaveaglobalplatform.AccordingtoastudypublishedbytheUnitedNationsUniversity—44.7millionmetrictonsofe-wasteweremadein2016.Only20%ofthatwasactuallyrecycled.Unfortunately,thisfigureissettorisesignificantlyinthecomingyears,movingto52.2millionmetrictonsby2021.SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue.（1）WhatcanbelearntaboutTokyoOlympicsinitiativefromthepassage?A.

E-wasteintheworldisincreasingsignificantly.B.

Itiseasytogetelementsneededfromtheusedelectronics.C.

Onlyproducersofelectronicsparticipatedintheproject.D.

NTTDOCOMOcontributedtothesuccessoftheproject.（2）Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword"homestretch"inParagraph2?A.

startingperiod

B.

collectioneffort

C.

finalstage

D.

hardsearch（3）WhatinfluencedoestheTokyoOlympicsinitiativehave?A.

Itoffersaneffectivemethodtosolvetheproblemofe-waste.B.

Itshowsthepowerofadvancedtechnologyindailylife.C.

Itsavestheexpensespentinmakingallthemedals.D.

Itencouragesthepublic'sinvolvementindealingwithe-waste.（4）Whatisthewriter'sattitudetotheTokyoOlympicsinitiative?A.

Positive

B.

Negative

C.

Ambiguous

D.

Indifferent【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了日本將回收利用廢棄的電子產(chǎn)品中的金屬，用于制作2020年奧運(yùn)會(huì)獎(jiǎng)牌。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的"Inaperiodofabout18months,alittleover5millionsmartphoneswerecollectedthankstocooperationwithNTTDOCOMO."在大約18個(gè)月的時(shí)間里，由于與NTTDocomo的合作，收集了500多萬部智能手機(jī)，故選D。（2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的"Already,thequantityneededforbronzemedalshasbeenmet,andthey'reinthehomestretchforsilverandgoldmedals,meaningthecollectionprocesscanpackupattheendofMarch."銅牌所需要的數(shù)量已經(jīng)達(dá)到了，并且到了最后關(guān)頭，也就是說，收集過程可以在3月底完成。inthehomestretch固定短語，“最后關(guān)頭”，故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"SowhiletheTokyoOlympicsinitiativemightbejustadropinthebucket,it'sagoodstartinshowingwhatthepubliccandoifthey'remademoreawareoftheissue."所以盡管東京奧運(yùn)會(huì)的提議只是杯水車薪，這是一個(gè)很好的開始，展示了如果公眾對(duì)這個(gè)問題有了更多的認(rèn)識(shí)，他們能做些什么。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)全文的描述，可知作者對(duì)于東京奧運(yùn)倡議是持積極的態(tài)度，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及詞義猜測和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.

Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."

ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.

Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?A.

comfort

B.

treat

C.

spot

D.

nurse（2）Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?A.

Bystoringbloodsamples.

B.

Byanalyzingpatients'cases.C.

Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.

D.

Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.（3）WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?A.

ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.B.

Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.C.

Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.D.

Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?A.

Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.B.

Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.C.

Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.D.

Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹超級(jí)計(jì)算機(jī)能夠分析血樣并預(yù)測哪些病人可能會(huì)患上重病，每年可以挽救數(shù)萬人的生命。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便醫(yī)生能夠及早采取行動(dòng)，預(yù)防死亡或嚴(yán)重疾病，可以猜測出，人工智能將用于對(duì)高危病人進(jìn)行“篩查”。此處screen意為“篩查”。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)通過檢測紅細(xì)胞和白細(xì)胞的細(xì)微變化來評(píng)估血液檢測結(jié)果。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."楊教授認(rèn)為，人工智能在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的潛力與工業(yè)革命一樣大，以此類比，說明人工智能在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的影響力。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)將能夠更早地治療患者，而不是坐等病情惡化，從而推斷，人工智能這一科技幫助醫(yī)生對(duì)疾病診療早預(yù)判，早介入，從而幫助挽救大量生命，將大大促進(jìn)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解

Astudyfoundwirelesssignalsareabletopassthroughbagsandsuitcasestojudgethesizesofdangerousmetalobjectsandidentifythem."Theseitemscouldincludeweapons,chemicals,laptopsandbatteriesforbombs,"theresearchteamsaidonTuesday.

ResearchsuggestedthatWi-Ficannowbeusedtoestimatethevolumeofliquidssuchaswater,acid,alcoholandotherchemicalsforexplosivematerial.ThestudyledbyresearchersattheWirelessInformationNetworkLaboratory(WINLAB)intheSchool.ofEngineeringshowedawirelessdevicewithtwotothreeantennas(天線)thatcouldbefittedinexistingWi-Finetworks.

Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.Theapproach,whichthepaperstates,worksbyseparatingthewirelessinterference(干擾)causedbytwofactorsofobjects-thematerialandshape."Mostdangerousobjectssuchasweaponsareusuallymetalorliquid,whichhavesignificantinterference,"researcherssaid.

Whenitwastestedonabackpack,theaccuracyratetopped95percent."Buttheaccuracydroppedtoabout90percentwhenobjectsinsidebagsarewrapped.Andthetechcouldsavelivesifusedinmuseums,stadiums,themeparksorschools,"theteamsaid,notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.

Ituseschannelstateinformation(CSI)thatisreadilyavailableinlow-costWi-Fidevices."Thiscouldhaveagreatimpactonprotectingthepublicfromdangerousobjects,"saidYingyingChen,aco-authorofthestudy,"There'sagrowingneedforthatnow.Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

Thepeer-reviewedstudy,whichrecentlywonabestpaperawardatthe2018IEEEConferenceonCommunicationsandNetworkSecurity,isnowpublishedonline."Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes,"researcherssaid.（1）Whatdoesparagraph3talkabout?A.

Thefunctionofthetechnique.

B.

Thewaythedeviceworks.C.

Theprinciplethestudyisbasedon.

D.

Thebenefitofthestudyfindings.（2）What'stheadvantageofthedevice?A.

Itsavespeopleindangerofnaturaldisasters.B.

Itpassesthroughbagswithoutdamagingthem.C.

Itusesantennastopickupnetworks'signals.D.

Itprotectspersonalinformationfrombeingdisturbed.（3）WhydidtheresearchersstudythedeviceaccordingtoYingyingChen?A.

Tosavemoneyandlabour.

B.

TomakefulluseofWi-Fi.C.

Toprotectpassengers'privacy.

D.

Toresearchdangerousobjects.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“ameliorating"inthelastparagraph?A.

Confirming.

B.

Improving.

C.

Discovering.

D.

Examining.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本是一篇說明文，介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，WiFi可用于可用于安檢。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第三段中的“Thedetectionsystemanalyzeswhathappenswhenwirelesssignalsgothroughandbounceoffobjectsormaterials.”這個(gè)檢測系統(tǒng)分析信號(hào)在物體和材料上穿透和反射時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生什么?？芍xB。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“notingitsdesigncaninspectbagsorluggagewithoutbeinganexposuretoprivacy.”可知，不用打開和檢查人們的個(gè)人物品，避免了侵犯隱私，可知選D。（3）考查推理判斷，根據(jù)第五段中的“Inlargepublicareas,it'shardtosetupexpensivescreeningequipmentlikewhat'sinairports.Manpowerisalwaysneededtocheckbagsandwewanttodevelopamethodtotrytoreducemanpower.”

在大型公共場所，很難像機(jī)場那樣設(shè)置昂貴的安檢設(shè)施。檢查行李總是需要人力，我們希望開發(fā)一種互補(bǔ)的方法來減少人力，可推知選A。（4）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Futureworkwillcontinuetofocusonamelioratingtheaccuracyofidentifyingobjectsandimagingshapesandvolumes”今后的工作將繼續(xù)側(cè)重于提高識(shí)別物體和成像形狀及體積的準(zhǔn)確性，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和段落大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．犇犇閱讀理解

"Actingistheleastmysteriousofallcrafts,"MarionBrandooncesaid.Butforscientists,workingoutwhatisgoingoninanactor'sheadhasalwaysbeensomethingofapuzzle.

Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.

DrStevenBrown,fromMcMasterUniversityinCanada,said,"Itlookslikewhenyouareacting,youaresuppressing(壓制)yourself;almostlikethecharacterispossessingyou."

Brownandcolleaguesreporthow15actors,mainlytheatrestudents,weretrainedtotakeonaShakespearerole—eitherRomeoorJuliet—inatheatreworkshop.Theyweretheninvitedintothelaboratory,wheretheirbrainswerescannedinaseriesofexperiments.

OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?Andwouldtheytelltheirparentsthattheyhadfalleninlove?

Eachactorwasaskedtorespondtodifferentquestions,basedontwodifferentpremises(前提).Inone,theywereaskedfortheirownperspective,whileintheother,theywereaskedtorespondasthoughtheywereeitherRomeoorJuliet.

Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.

Theteamsaidtheyalsofoundadditionalreductioninactivityintworegionsoftheprefrontalcortex(前額皮質(zhì))linkedtothesenseofself,comparedwithwhentheactorswererespondingasthemselves.

However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan"pretending"tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(體現(xiàn))thetextandlanguage.（1）HowdidDrBrown'steamconducttheirresearch?A.

Byscanningthebrainactivityofsomeactors.B.

Bydoingasurveywithsometheatregoers.C.

Byinterviewingsometheatreteachers.D.

Byconsultingsomeexperiencedresearchers.（2）WhatisthefindingofDrBrown'sresearch?A.

Actingisnotasmysteriousaspeoplethink.B.

Actors'brainactivitydifferswhentheyareacting.C.

Actingisfarmorethanpretendingtobethecharacter.D.

Actors'brainactivityismoreactivewhentheyareincharacter.（3）HowdidPhilipDavisreacttotheresearch?A.

Hesupportedit.

B.

Hedoubtedit.

C.

Heexplainedit.

D.

Headvocatedit.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Adebateofhowthebrainfunctions.B.

AplaywrittenbyShakespeare.C.

Aresearchonthebrainactivityofactors.D.

Areportofthecooperationofscientistsandactors.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)于演員大腦活動(dòng)的研究?，F(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的“OnceinsidetheMRIscanner,theactorswereaskedtoansweranumberofquestions,suchas:wouldtheygototheparty?”一旦進(jìn)入核磁共振掃描儀，演員們被要求回答一系列問題，比如:他們會(huì)去參加派對(duì)嗎?由此推斷出Brown博士的團(tuán)隊(duì)是通過掃描一些演員的大腦活動(dòng)進(jìn)行他們的研究的，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的“Theresultsrevealedthatthebrainactivitydiffereddependingonthesituationbeingtested.Theteamfoundthatwhentheactorswereincharacter,theyusesomethird-personknowledgeorinferencesabouttheircharacter.”結(jié)果顯示，大腦活動(dòng)的不同取決于所測試的情境。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)演員在扮演角色時(shí)，他們會(huì)使用一些第三人稱知識(shí)或?qū)巧耐茢?。由此可知Brown博士的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，演員在表演時(shí)大腦活動(dòng)是不同的，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“However,PhilipDavis,aprofessorattheUniversityofLiverpool,wasunimpressedbytheresearch,sayingactingisaboutfarmorethan‘pretending’

tobesomeone—itinvolvesembodying(體現(xiàn))thetextandlanguage.”然而，利物浦大學(xué)教授PhilipDavis對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究并不以為然。他說，表演不僅僅是"假裝"成某個(gè)人，它還包括文本和語言的體現(xiàn)。由此推斷出PhilipDavis對(duì)這項(xiàng)研究持懷疑態(tài)度，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。第二段中的“Now,researchershavesaidactorsshowdifferentpatternsofbrainactivitydependingonwhethertheyareincharacterornot.”現(xiàn)在，研究人員表示，演員的大腦活動(dòng)模式不同，取決于他們是否扮演角色，是全文的主題句，結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知這篇文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)對(duì)于演員大腦活動(dòng)的研究，故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．犇犇閱讀理解

Hackingisn'tjustforcomputersandsmartphones,AccordingtoastudypublishedlastweekinthejournalScience,scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant'sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday,theresultscouldincreasetheamountoffoodproducedaroundtheworld.

Photosynthesis（光合作用）isthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistswhoconductedthenewstudysaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergyavailabletotherm.Butbyhackingaplant'sgenes,thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.

"Specifically,scientistshackedtheplant'sprotectivesystem.Normally,thissystemisactivatedwhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight,"saidscientistKrishnaNiyogi,co-authorofthestudy.Whentheplantsensesthelight,itgetsridofextraenergyandcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade,theprotectivesystemisturnedoff,buttheprocessisslow.

StephenLongistheleadauthorofthestudy.Hecomparedaplant'sprotectivesystemtolight-adjustingglasses.Whenapersonwearstheglassesoutsideduringtheday,thelenses（鏡片）darkenandlightendependingonhowsunnyitis.Plantsdothesamething,hesaid.Butinplantstheadjustmentcantakeanywherefrom10minutestoanhour.Thismakesithardforplantstogettherightamountofsunlightneededtocreatefood.

Thenewstudyspeduptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant'sgenes,theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult,leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthintwoplantsincreasedby20percent,whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswillproducethesameresultsincornandrice.（1）Whatwillhappentotheplantswhenscientistschangeplants'genes？A.

Theywillbecomeweakerandweaker.

B.

Theywillgrowfasttoproducemorefood.C.

Theywillhavemorebeautifulflowers.

D.

Theywilldependlessonsunlight.（2）Whydoestheauthormentionlight-adjustingglasses？A.

Towarnpeopleofthehotandbrightsun.B.

Toexplaintheprincipleofplants'protectivesystem.C.

Tohelpleavesoftheplantsabsorbsunlight.D.

Toservethescienceexperimentsmoothly.（3）Inthefuture,thegeneticchangeswillbeusedto.A.

improvetobaccoplants'quality

B.

increasetobaccoplants'leavesandrootsC.

improvetheflowers'livingtime

D.

increasetheproductionofcornandrice（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbethethemeofthistext？A.

Hackingplantsformoreproduction

B.

LeafgrowingmorequicklyC.

Doubleproductionoftobaccoplants

D.

Photosynthesisandproduction【答案】（1）B（2）B（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，科學(xué)家通過改變植物的基因，加快光合作用的速度，使植物葉子生長迅速，從而提高植物產(chǎn)量。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant'sgenesino