Unit3

Theworldofscience

?主題語(yǔ)境：人與社會(huì)（科技發(fā)展與科學(xué)精神）

自主學(xué)習(xí)［夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)

Part1單元詞匯...................分類(lèi)自測(cè)

1.fieldresearch實(shí)地研究，

實(shí)地調(diào)研

8.acarbattery汽車(chē)

2.virtualreality虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)

蓄電池9.wearabletech可穿戴技術(shù)

閱讀3.naturalselection自然選擇

lO.thelawofgravity萬(wàn)有引力定律

詞匯4.anendangeredspecies瀕危

11.mountainstreams山間小溪

物種

12.distinguishfactfromfiction區(qū)分

語(yǔ)境5.computescores計(jì)算得分

真實(shí)和虛構(gòu)的事

識(shí)意6.aresearchchemist從事研

13.amapandcompass地圖和指南

究工作的化學(xué)家

ft

7.ayoungastronomer一個(gè)

年輕的天文學(xué)家

第一組：動(dòng)詞變形11.significanta力.重要的,影響深遠(yuǎn)的

1.declarev.聲明-^declaration-^significancen.重要性；意義

n.聲明，宣告fsignificantlyado.明顯地;有重大意義

2.conductv.傳導(dǎo)（熱、地

拓展電）fconductor「?導(dǎo)體；售票員12.passive〃的?.被動(dòng)的一（反義詞）active

詞匯一conductivea由.導(dǎo)電（或熱等）的adj.主動(dòng)的fpassivelyado.被動(dòng)地

——conductionn.傳導(dǎo)13.virtuala力?.虛擬的，模擬的fvirtually

變形3.attach0,系，綁;貝占fattachmentado.事實(shí)上；實(shí)際上

拼寫(xiě)n.附件；依戀fattached時(shí).附Inflexiblea步易彎曲的,柔韌的

屬于；愛(ài)慕的fflexiblyado.靈活地；有彈性地

4.pressv.按—pressing時(shí).緊迫f(wàn)flexibilityn.靈活性；適應(yīng)性

的；迫切的fpressuren.壓力；15.capable有能力的fcapability

強(qiáng)迫n.能力fcapablyado.能干地;有能力

5.provev.證明；證實(shí)'proof地

n.證明，證據(jù)16.biologyn.生物學(xué)一biologist〃?生物

6.injurev,使受傷，弄傷finjured學(xué)家fbiologicala力.生物學(xué)的;生物的

a力受傷的，有傷的finjury17.extraordinaryQ矽?.非凡的，出色的

n,傷，損害fextraordinarilyado.極其，極端地

7.computev.計(jì)算一computer18.astronomern.天文學(xué)家一astronomy

n.計(jì)算機(jī)—computationu?計(jì)算n.天文學(xué)

第二組：名詞和形容詞變形19.chemistryn.化學(xué)fchemistn.化學(xué)

8.minor小的一（反義詞）家fchemical化學(xué)的n.化學(xué)物質(zhì)

majora力.主要的,大的20.theoryn.學(xué)說(shuō)，理論一theoreticala力.

fminorityn.少數(shù)民族，少數(shù)派理論上的

9.entiread/?.全部的;整個(gè)的；完21.accurate〃力精確的—accuratelyadv.

全的fentirelyado.完全地,徹底精確地；準(zhǔn)確地faccuracy”.精確（性）

地22.sciencen.科學(xué)；技術(shù)fscientificadj.

IQ.mentala的■.精神的；精神健康科學(xué)（上）的fscientist幾.科學(xué)家

的fmentally〃加.精神上

第118頁(yè)

■掌握規(guī)律?詞匯拓展?

形容詞后綴-OUS表示“具有....隹質(zhì)的；充滿……的”。

?infect使感染；傳染一infectious傳染性的②humor幽默fhumorous幽

默的③courage勇氣fcourageous勇敢的④caution謹(jǐn)慎；小心fcautious謹(jǐn)

慎的；小心的⑤continue繼續(xù)一continuous持續(xù)的⑥fame名聲ffamous著

名的；出名的⑦danger危險(xiǎn)fdangerous危險(xiǎn)的⑧harmony融洽；和睦

一harmonious和睦的；融洽的⑨anxiety焦慮一anxious焦慮的⑩envy嫉妒；

羨慕一envious嫉妒的；羨慕的

核心1.（2024?新課標(biāo)II卷）Herearesometipson9.“Grizzlybearsarere-occupying

詞匯makingwisedecisionstominimizelargeareasoftheirformer

pressure(press)ontheplaceswevisitandrange,“saysbearbiologist

單句improveourexperience.(biology)ChrisServheen.

應(yīng)用2.(2024?新課標(biāo)II卷)You'llfindyourselflO.Inmyopinion,moreimportance

virtually(virtual)alone,orclosetoit.shouldbeattached(attach)to

3.(2024?新課標(biāo)II卷)Aswesooncometodevelopingstudents*abilitytosolve

learnfromAlbyDesign,AIisalreadyproblems.

super-smartandwillbecomemorecapable11.Don'tputsomuchpressure

(capability).(press)onthechildren.It'sharmful

4.(2024?浙江1月卷)“In1999,Itotheirhealth.

personallysawsignificant(significance)12.1t*sreportedthattheastronauts

tornadoes(龍卷風(fēng))formfromaseededwillcarryoutaseriesofscientific

stormcellinKansas,"Dr.Doswellsays.(science)experimentsinspace.

5.(2024?浙江1月卷)ThenInoticedfolk13.Rescuerssaidtheinjuredwere

conducting(conduct)springcleanstakentoanearbyhospital,but

droppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonfortunatelytheinjurywasnot

varioussubjectsthere.serious,notlifethreatening.(injure)

6.(2024-全國(guó)甲卷)Bomjustbefore14.Thesignificantdiscoveryof

WWII,mygrandmotherexperiencedannewgasfieldinSouthChinaSeais

entirely(entire)differentchildhoodofgreatsignificancetoour

lifestylefrommine.country'seconomy.(significant)

7.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessof15.1fsdeclaredthatthetwo

socialinteraction,notofcomputationcountriesagreetostopthe

(compute),interactionthatshapestheconflict.Theymustobeythe

contentofthesymbolsinourheads.declarationforever.(declare)

8.1fforwhateverreasons,people'serrors16.Theentirevillagewas

becomecorrelatedordependent,thedestroyed.ltnowlooksentirely

accuracy(accurate)oftheestimatewillgodifferentfromtheprevious

down.one.(entire)

Part2短語(yǔ)句式.....................教材精選

I.選擇合適的短語(yǔ)并用其正確形式填空

becapableof,findout,benamedafter,berecognizedas,thanksto,neversay

never,diefrom,intermsof,themajorityof,focuson,inaddition

1.Thereis,inaddition,onefurtherpointtomake.

2.Thankstothegroupsofbraveyoungmen,afamilywassavedfromthefire.

3.Themajorityofstudentswereinfavourofthesuggestionthattheygoonapicnicthenext

day.

4.Hemadesuchagreatcontributiontotheuniversitythatthenewlibrarywasnamedafter

him.

5.Allofusareamazedbythefactthatsomanypeoplediediseasesrelatedtosmoking.

6.Thatscientistisrecognizedasoneoftheleadingearlycanalengineers.

第H9頁(yè)

7.Tobefrank,sheissmartenoughtobecapableofhandlingdifficultsituations.

n.根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)和要求完成下面的句子

1.（2023?新課標(biāo)卷讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)）我被這個(gè)消息驚呆了，當(dāng)我的同學(xué)們勝利地舉手時(shí)，我激動(dòng)

得說(shuō)不出話來(lái)。（while引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句）

Stunnedbythenews,Iwaschokedwithemotionwhilemyclassmateswereraisingtheirhands

intriumph.

2.到目前為止，不出所料，不止一個(gè)男孩讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō)。（morethanone作主語(yǔ)）

Sofarmorethanoneboyhaseverreadthisnovelasisexpected.

深度學(xué)習(xí)

Part1核心詞匯.....................多維練透

□press（教材義）0.按；（補(bǔ)充義）。.壓，擠，推，貼；擠著走；敦促，逼迫；堅(jiān)持，

竭力要求；n.新聞工作者，新聞界，報(bào)刊（thepress）；新聞報(bào)道；新聞?shì)浾?，媒體評(píng)論；出

版社，印刷廠

巧歸納

(l)pressabutton/switch

按下按鈕/開(kāi)關(guān)

presssthinto...

把……塞入/按入……

(2)presssthagainst...

把...貼在....

(3)presssbtodosth敦促某人做某事

(4)pressuren.壓力

underpressure在壓力之下

①(2024?新課標(biāo)II卷)Thebestwaytoeasepressure(press)onover-touristeddestinationsisto

gosomewhereelse.

②Toourshock,themanagerwaspressed(press)totakeimmediateactionatthepress

conferencelastweek.

③［讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)］他把鼻子貼在窗戶上，瞇起眼睛往下看了一眼人行道。

Hepressedhisnoseagainstthewindow,narrowedhiseyesandglanceddownatthepavement.

④在技藝嫻熟的廚師靈巧的手中，每個(gè)餃子被小心地按壓和折起，形成一個(gè)完美的形狀。

Undertheflexiblehandsoftheskilledchef,eachdumplingwascarefullypressedandfolded,

creatingaperfectshape.

0desire(教材義)兒渴望，欲望；(補(bǔ)充義)o.渴望，要求，請(qǐng)求；被……吸引

巧歸納

(l)desiretodosth渴望做某事

desiresbtodosth想要某人做某事

(2)desirethat...(should)dosth

渴望……做某事

(3)haveastrongdesiretodosth/forsth迫切要做某事/急于得到某物

havenodesiretodosth

不想做某事

(4)desirableadj.

令人向往的；值得擁有的

①(2023?全國(guó)甲卷)Bangkokisahighlydesirable(desire)destinationforfoodlovers.

②Thedisappointedtwinsdesired(desire)theirfathertotellthemhowtomakesandwiches,

andhenodded.

③［應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作之建議信］得知你很想學(xué)好漢語(yǔ)，我想給你一些建議。

KnowingyouhaveastrongdesiretolearnChinesewell,I'dliketoofferyousomesuggestions.

④此外，這門(mén)課激發(fā)了我對(duì)文學(xué)的新熱情，激勵(lì)我在廣闊的英國(guó)文學(xué)世界中進(jìn)一步探索。

Moreover,theclasshassparkedanewfoundpassionforliteraturewithinme,stimulatingmy

desiretoexplorefurtherinthevastworldofEnglishliterature.

Hinjure(教材義)o.使受傷，弄傷；(補(bǔ)充義)。.損害，傷害(名譽(yù)、自尊等)

巧歸納

(l)be/getseriously/slightlyinjured

受重傷/輕傷

(2)theinjured傷員

(3)injuryn.傷，損害

dosb/oneselfaninjury/doaninjurytosb/oneself傷害某人/自己

①I(mǎi)waswearingaseatbelt,withoutwhichIwouldhavebeeninjured(injure).

②Theyremovedtheinjured(injure)withsuchgreatskillandweresocoolintheemergency.

?Racewalkingsharesmanyfitnessbenefitswithrunning,researchshows,whilemostlikely

contributingtofewerinjuries(injure).

第120頁(yè)

④［讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之動(dòng)作描寫(xiě)］那個(gè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員在地上打滾，好像一條腿受了重傷。

Thefootballplayerwasrollingonthegroundasifbadlyinjuredinoneofhisl】gs?

Qattach（教材義）o.系，綁；貼；（補(bǔ)充義）o.認(rèn)為...具有；附帶（條件）；附屬，依

附；與……有關(guān)聯(lián)

巧歸納

(l)attach...to...

把……系/貼/附在……之上

(2)beattachedtosb/sth

依戀；附屬于；愛(ài)慕某人/某物

(3)attachimportance/significanceto...

重視；認(rèn)為……有意義

?Handwritingisofsuchgreatimportancethateveryoneshouldattachgreatimportancetoit.

②Herchildwasattached(attach)toscreenstothepointwhereshewasabletosay“chocolate”

intohisearwithoutgettingaresponse.

③［讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之場(chǎng)景描寫(xiě)］她發(fā)現(xiàn)桌子上放著一個(gè)盒子，盒子上貼著一張卡片，上面寫(xiě)著

“生日快樂(lè)”。

Shefoundaboxlyingonthetablewithacardattachedtoit,saying“Happybirthday”.

④(2023?新課標(biāo)I/II卷)1slippedinandgentlysettheprizecuponmyteacher'sdeskwitha

noteattached(attach).

Part2經(jīng)典句式.....................寫(xiě)作遷移

■句型公式：while引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句

巧歸納

（1）表示“雖然；盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句（從句常置于句首）表示轉(zhuǎn)折，不

能與but連用，但可與yet/still連用。

（2）表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候；在……時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，狀語(yǔ)從句的省略

形式為whiledoing/done,表”當(dāng)做/被做...時(shí)"。

（3）表示“而，然而”，表示前后分句的對(duì)比。

①（2024.全國(guó)甲卷應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作）在為我們強(qiáng)大的國(guó)家感到自豪的同時(shí)，讓我們承擔(dān)起責(zé)任,

為我們國(guó)家的繁榮而共同努力。

Whiletakingprideinourpowerfulcountry,let'stakeonourresponsibilitiesandworktogether

forourcountry'sprosperity.

②湯姆很擅長(zhǎng)理科，而他的兄弟絕對(duì)是不可救藥。

WhileTom'sverygoodatscience,hisbrotherisabsolutelyhopeless.

③（2023?浙江1月卷讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)）雖然我有點(diǎn)沮喪，但我仍然希望在離開(kāi)之前看到蜂鳥(niǎo)。

WhileIwasalittleupset,IstillhopedtoseethehummingbirdbeforeIleft.

④［中國(guó)元素］盡管中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)戲曲服裝的各種色彩讓觀眾迷惑，但熟練的表演者通過(guò)他們

優(yōu)雅的動(dòng)作和有力的聲音卻能將古老的故事帶入生活。

WhilethevariouscolorsofthetraditionalChineseoperacostumesconfusedtheaudience,the

skilledperformersbroughtancienttalestolifethroughtheirgracefulmovementsandpowerful

voices.

Part3語(yǔ)境辨義.....................舉一反三

I.熟詞生義（寫(xiě)出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語(yǔ)意思）

1.（2024?浙江1月卷）Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozens

oftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuyin^M嘗試

2.（2024?新課標(biāo)I卷）1flashedhimanapologeticsmileasIpulledoutmyPortuguese

bankcard.o.突然顯露

3.（2024?才斤江1月卷）1wasconductingauditions（試演）formyplayinmytinyoldshared

houseinLoudona進(jìn)行

4.（2021?全國(guó)甲卷）Thewallis12metershighandfromhereyoucanseestreamsofpeople

movinginsideandoutsidetheCityWall.九人（流）

第121頁(yè)

5.Allthedrawerswerestuffedfulloflettersandpapers..塞滿，裝滿

6.（2024?新課標(biāo)I卷）However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnews

stories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.九文章，報(bào)

道

7.Ihadawholeboxofchocolatesandpiggedthelot!o.吃得過(guò)量

8.He'sgotmefoxed.o.使上當(dāng)

9.Malloyalwaystalkedhard,buthehadasoft,womanishface.。>。.嚴(yán)厲地

10.(2024?新課標(biāo)I卷)TheseplantsincludedmodemWesternfavouritessuchasrosemary,

lavenderandfennel.兒最喜歡的東西

II.一詞多義(選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義)

1.shoot

A.九新芽B.o.拍攝C.。.射擊D.O.噴涌出

①Oilwasshootingoutofthepipe.D

②Thefilmcrewwasshootingasceneinthepark.B

(3)Thegardenisfullofnewshootsinspring.A

2.account

A.〃.賬戶B.〃.敘述

C.o.解釋D.。.占(一定數(shù)量或比例)

①I(mǎi)needtocheckthebalanceinmybankaccount.A

②Thewideappealofmoviestarscouldalsoaccountfortheincrease.C

(3)Shegavethepoliceafullaccountoftheincident.B

隨堂鞏固

I.語(yǔ)篇語(yǔ)境綜合練(語(yǔ)境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練)

AugmentedReality(AR)isatechnologythatputsalayerofinformationoverwhatpeoplesee

inreallife.ARis1.capable(capacity)ofputtinglabelsonstuff,oreven2.entirely(entire)changing

thewaysomethinglooks.

NowtheUSArmyisdevelopingARgogglesfordogs.Thereis3.proof(prove)thatthearmy

alreadyworkswithdogsinvariousways>4.forinstance,helpingtrackpeopledown.5.Usually(usual)

soldierscontrolthedogsbymovingtheirhandsorpointingtothingswithalaser(激光器).Sowhy

wouldthearmydesire6.toattach(attach)ARgogglestodogs?ThatisbecauseARgogglesallow

dogstotravelfartherawaywithoutstayingclosetoatrainer.Thedog'sgogglesgivethetraineran

7.accurate(accuracy)accountof8.whatthedogisseeingandhearing.The9.trainer(train)canthen

sendacommandtothedogthroughthegoggles,IQ.telling(tell)itwhattodonext.

n.真題難句拓展練(剖析長(zhǎng)句——精準(zhǔn)翻譯)

1.(2024?新課標(biāo)II卷)“WewantedtodosomethingwherewedoacalltoartistsintheBay

Areatosubmitstoriesforacontest,“Trostsays.

［剖析］本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句子主干是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Wewantedtodosomething。

where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)tosubmitstoriesforacontest作目的狀語(yǔ)。

［翻譯］“我們想要做一些事情，即向?yàn)硡^(qū)的藝術(shù)家發(fā)起呼吁，讓他們提交故事參加比賽，”

特羅斯特說(shuō)。

2.（2023?全國(guó)乙卷）Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplacethatwelcomesthe

fast-paceddevelopmentofmodemlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsideby

sidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.

第122頁(yè)

［剖析］本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子主干是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)Beijingisalsoaplace。其后that引

導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾aplace；with...wondersstanding…復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。

［翻譯］但除了古建筑，北京也是一個(gè)接受現(xiàn)代生活快節(jié)奏發(fā)展的地方，使得21世紀(jì)的

建筑奇跡與過(guò)去的歷史建筑并存。

3.（2022?全國(guó)乙卷）SoforthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthechildrenwhoseshoes

wereheldtogetherwithstringwasasurprise.

［剖析］本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。主句為forthemtomovetoElkhead,Colo.toinstructthe

childrenwasasurprise。止匕句中包含一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句whoseshoeswereheldtogetherwithstring,對(duì)

名詞thechildren進(jìn)行修飾和限定。

［翻譯］所以對(duì)她們來(lái)說(shuō)，前往科羅拉多州埃爾克黑德去教授那些鞋子都是用繩子綁起來(lái)

的孩子是一個(gè)驚喜。

情境遷移

I.應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作增分練——科技發(fā)明（“科技與學(xué)習(xí)”的主題活動(dòng)）

結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作并背誦。

［基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)料］

單元inaddition,capable,attach,instance,significant,beyond,accurate,injure,

詞匯brilliant,entirely,scientific

經(jīng)由how引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句；extending動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)；“介詞+which”引

句型導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

假定你是李華，你校即將舉辦“科技與學(xué)習(xí)”的主題活動(dòng)，計(jì)劃邀請(qǐng)姊妹學(xué)校Highgate

School進(jìn)行線上互動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一封信，溝通相關(guān)事宜。

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

人稱(chēng)以第一人稱(chēng)為主

時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主

內(nèi)容要第一段引出主題（寫(xiě)信目的）一第二段介紹活動(dòng)細(xì)節(jié)一結(jié)尾提出更多相關(guān)

點(diǎn)線索信息。

［寫(xiě)作輸出］

DearHighgateSchoolContact,

Ihopethismessagefindsyouwell.(1)1amwritingonbehalfofourschooltodiscussthe

details(我代表我們學(xué)校寫(xiě)信討論一些細(xì)節(jié))ofourupcomingsignificanteventthemed

"TechnologyandLearning”.

TheeventisscheduledforSept.10thatthestadium.(2)Weaimtodemonstratehowtechnology

canbeacapabletoolforlearning(我們的目標(biāo)是展示技術(shù)如何成為一種有能力的學(xué)習(xí)工具；

capable；how弓［導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)，(3)extendingtheircapabilitiesbeyondtraditionalclassroom

對(duì)??(將它們的能力擴(kuò)展到傳統(tǒng)課堂環(huán)境之外；extending動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)；beyond).Also

wewilldiscussabout(4)thebrilliantwaysinwhichtechnologycanbeusedtomakecomplex

scientificconceptsmoreaccessibleandaccurate(利用技術(shù)使復(fù)雜的科學(xué)概念更易于理解和準(zhǔn)確

的絕妙方法；brilliant；accurate；scientific;“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句).(5)Inadditionto

themaindiscussionpoints,wewouldliketoattachadetailedagendaforyourreview(除了主要的

討論要點(diǎn)外，我們還想附上一份詳細(xì)的議程，供你們審閱；inaddition；attach).

Pleasefindattachedthepreliminaryagendaandsomeresourcesforyourconsideration.

Bestregards,

LiHua

［變式表達(dá)］

用“動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)修飾ways”和其他近義表達(dá)改寫(xiě)句(4)。

Additionally,wewilldiscussthebrilliantwaystousetechnologyformakingcomplex

scientificconceptsmoreaccessibleandaccurate.

第123頁(yè)

II.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)微點(diǎn)練——參加航空滑翔機(jī)發(fā)明制作比賽（比喻描寫(xiě)）

［基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)料］

like像

as正如，就像（引導(dǎo)從句）

symbol象征

represent代表

詞匯asif/though好像

similarto與....相似

comparedto與...相比

drawaparallel畫(huà)一條平行線

incomparison相比之下

句式ensuring動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)；as引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句

l.Hersmilewaslikesunshinebreakingthroughtheclouds.

她的笑容就像云層中透出的陽(yáng)光。

2.Hefoughtthewavesasalionwouldfightitsprey.

他像獅子搏斗獵物一樣與海浪搏斗。

細(xì)節(jié)3.Hisheartwasasheavyasastone.

描寫(xiě)他的心像石頭一樣沉重。

4.Thenightskywasavastcanvasofstars.

夜空是一幅布滿星星的巨大畫(huà)布。

5.Heranasifthewindwasathisheels.

他跑得好像風(fēng)在背后追趕他。

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

老師宣布了一個(gè)全國(guó)性的STEM挑戰(zhàn)，主人公對(duì)此很感興趣一主人公選擇了航空滑翔機(jī)

挑戰(zhàn)，和兩個(gè)朋友組成了一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，開(kāi)始制作滑翔機(jī)和發(fā)射器一他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了滑翔機(jī)和發(fā)射器，

并在制作過(guò)程中享受了樂(lè)趣，并成功晉級(jí)到全國(guó)賽一他們飛到亞利桑那州參加全國(guó)比賽一比

賽過(guò)程中，有些滑翔機(jī)表現(xiàn)很好，有些則在空中解體一……

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

文體：記敘文人稱(chēng)：第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)為主

續(xù)寫(xiě)思路：根據(jù)所給首句Itwasfinallyourturn.可知，接下來(lái)要寫(xiě)我們的心情以及

飛行前的準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)或比賽場(chǎng)景等。

［寫(xiě)作輸出］

Itwasfinallyour加mixofexcitementandnervesfilledourhearts（我彳門(mén)心里既興奮又

緊張）.⑵Wecarefullyplacedourgliderinthelauncher,ensuringeverythingwassetforthevital

儂IK（我們小心翼翼地把滑翔機(jī)放在發(fā)射裝置里，確保在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻一切準(zhǔn)備就緒；ensuring

動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)）.Withadeepbreath,welaunchedourglider.（3）Itglidedgracefullythrough

theair,itswingscuttingthroughthewindlikeawell-aimedarrow（它優(yōu)雅地在空中滑翔，它的翅

膀像一支瞄得很準(zhǔn)的箭一樣穿行風(fēng)中）!（4）Everyonegotquietastheglidercametoastop（當(dāng)滑翔

機(jī)停下來(lái)時(shí)，每個(gè)人都安靜了下來(lái)；as弓|導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句）.Thentheresultcameout.Ourgliderlanded

lessthan3inchesfromthetarget!（5）Ourperformancereceivedloudapplause（我們的表演贏得了

熱烈的掌聲）.

［變式表達(dá)］

用“when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和showing+賓語(yǔ)從句”將下面語(yǔ)段合并成一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。

Thentheresultcameout.Ourgliderlandedlessthan3inchesfromthetarget!Ourperformance

receivedloudapplause.

fOurperform口neereceivedloudapplausewhentheresultcameout,showingthatourglider

hadlandedlessthan3inchesfromthetarget.

對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生

單元測(cè)評(píng)15Unit3Theworldofscience^

（時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：32.5分）

（本欄目?jī)?nèi)容在中以活頁(yè)形式分冊(cè)裝訂?。?/p>

I.閱讀理解（本題共8個(gè)小題，每小題2.5分，共20分）

A

（2025?深圳一調(diào)）

Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresofforest——anareaaboutthesizeof

Iceland-becauseofcuttingdowntrees.Atthatrate,somescientistspredicttheworld'sforestscould

disappearin100to200years.Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteof

Technology（MIT）havepioneeredatechniquetogeneratewood-likeplantmaterialsinalab.This

makesitpossibleto"grow"awoodenproductwithoutcuttingdowntrees.

Inthelab,theresearchersfirsttakecellsfromtheleavesofayoungplant.Thesecellsare

culturedinaliquidmediumfortwodays,thenmovedtoanothermediumthatcontainsnutrientsand

twodifferenthormones（激素）.Byadjustingthehormonelevels,theresearcherscantunethe

physicalandmechanicalqualitiesofthecells.Next,theresearchersusea3Dprintertoshapethe

cell-basedmaterial,andlettheshapedmaterialgrowinthedarkforthreemonths.Finally,the

researchersdehydrate（使脫水）thematerial,andthenevaluateitsqualities.

Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevelsleadtoplantmaterialswithmorerounded,opencells

oflowerdensity,whilehigherhormonelevelscontributetothegrowthofplantmaterialswith

smallerbutdensercellstructures.Lowerorhigherdensityofcellstructuresmakestheplant

materialssofterormorerigid,helpingthematerialsgrowwithdifferentwood-like

characteristics.What*smore,it'stobenotedthattheresearchprocessisabout100timesfasterthan

thetimeittakesforatreetogrowtomaturity!

Researchofthiskindisground-breaking."Thisworkdemonstratesthegreatpowerof

technology,“saysleadresearcher,JeffreyBerenstain."Therealopportunityhereistobeatits

bestwithwhatyouuseandhowyouuseit.Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeettherequirements

yougiveaboutshapes,sizes,rigidity,andforms.ltenablesusto'grow'anywoodenproductina

waythattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan'tachieve.”

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了為了避免砍伐樹(shù)木，麻省理工學(xué)院的研

究人員開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種技術(shù)，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里生產(chǎn)類(lèi)似木材的植物材料。

1.WhydoresearchersatMITconducttheresearch?

A.Togrowmoretrees.

B.Toprotectplantdiversity.

C?Toreducetreelosses.

D.Topredictforestdisappearance.

答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段"Eachyear,theworldlosesabout10millionhectaresof

forest...Tohandleit,nowresearchersatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havepioneered

atechnique"可知，麻省理工學(xué)院的研究人員進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)研究是為了減少樹(shù)木損失。故選C。

2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellusaboutthelabresearch?

A.Itstheoreticalbasis.

B.Itskeyprocedures.

C?Itsscientificevidence.

D.Itsusualdifficulties.

答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的first,then,Next,Finally等詞可知，第二段主要說(shuō)的

是實(shí)驗(yàn)室研究的關(guān)鍵步驟。故選B。

3.Whatdoesthefindingsuggestabouttheplantmaterials?

A.Thehormonelevelsaffecttheirrigidity.

B.Theyarebetterthannaturallygrownplants.

C-Theircells*shapesmainlyrelyontheirdensity.

D.Theirgrowthspeeddeterminestheircharacteristics.

答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Theyfoundthatlowerhormonelevels...smallerbut

densercellstructures^^可知，較低的激素水平會(huì)導(dǎo)致植物材料的密度更低，而較高的激素水平

會(huì)導(dǎo)致植物材料的密度更高。細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)密度的高或低，影響著植物材料是更柔軟還是更堅(jiān)硬。

故選Ao

4.Whyistheresearchground-breakingaccordingtoBerenstain?

A.Itusesnewbiologicalmaterialsinlabexperiments.

B.Itrevolutionizesthewaytomakewoodenproducts.

C-Itchallengestraditionalscientifictheoriesinforestry.

D.Ithasasignificantimpactonworldwideplantgrowth.

答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Thistechnologycanbetunedtomeetthe

requirements...thattraditionalagriculturalmethodscan'tachieve.可知,Berenstain認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研

究具有開(kāi)創(chuàng)性，因?yàn)樗镄铝四局破返闹谱鞣椒ā９蔬xB。

B

（2025?八省適應(yīng)性考試）

WanttolearnanewlanguageorgetA'sincollegeexams?Previousstudieshaveshownthat

exercisecanhelpstimulatetheareasofthebrainthatconvert（轉(zhuǎn)換）newinformationintolong-term

memory.Anewstudyhastakenthisinformationonestepfurtherandfoundthebesttimewhen

exercisecanhelpmaximizelearning.

Buildinguponpastresearchthatfoundexercisereleasesbiochemicalsthatimprovemental

function,scientistsatRadboudUniversityandtheUniversityofEdinburghconductedastudyto

determinewhenexercisewasmostbeneficialtolearning.

Participants一72healthymaleandfemaleadults-werefirstaskedtoperformacomputertest

thatchallengedtheirvisualandspatiallearning.Afterthetest,allofthesubjectswatchednature

documentaries,buttwo-thirdsofthemalsoexercised.Halfoftheexercisersdidcircuittrainingonan

exercisebikefor35minutesimmediatelyafterthetest.Theotherhalfdidthesameexercisebutnot

untilfourhoursaftertheyhadbeentested.

Twodayslater,alloftheparticipantsreturnedtothelabforarecalltest,andtheywere

connectedtoMRI（磁共振成像）machinestoassesstheirbrainactivity.Theparticipantswho

exercisedfourhoursaftertakingthecomputertestwereabletorecallwhattheyhadlearnedmost

accurately.Theirbrainwavesalsoshowedmoreconsistentlevelsofactivity,indicatingthattheir

brainswerelesstaxedtorememberwhattheyhadlearned.

Accordingtothisresearch,thebesttimetoexercisetoimprovelearningisfourhoursafter

studying.Butwhy?That'sonequestiontheresearchershaveyettoanswer.Anotherquestionleft

unansweredisthelevelofexercisethatmightbestimprovelearning.rverunenoughmarathonsto

provethefactthatmybrainisanythingbutsharpduringorafteratoughworkout.Butthe

researchersnotedthatlightworkoutsmightnotgivethebrainenoughofabiochemicalboostto

improvelearning.

【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新研究。研究表明，學(xué)習(xí)后過(guò)4

小時(shí)再運(yùn)動(dòng)可以最大程度地提高記憶力。

5.Whatdidthenewstudyaimtoexplore?

A.Whenexerciseisbestforlearning.

B.Whatbiochemicalsaregoodforhealth.

C-Howbrainwavesshouldbemeasured.

D.Whichareaofthebrainisthemostactive.

答案：A

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"foundthebesttimewhenexercisecanhelp

maximizelearning^^及第二段中的“conductedastudytodeterminewhenexercisewasmost

beneficialtolearning”可知，該項(xiàng)研究的目的是想確定什么時(shí)間運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)最有益。

6.Whatwerealltheparticipantsaskedtododuringtheexperiment?

A.Trainonbicycles.

B-Domathematicsexercises.

C?Playcomputergames.

D-Watchfilmsaboutnature.

答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Afterthetest,allofthesubjectswatchednature

documentaries”可知，在試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中全部受試者都需要觀看一部自然紀(jì)錄片，也就是看一部關(guān)

于自然的電影。

7.Whydidtheparticipantsreturntothelabtwodayslater?

A.Todoamedicalexamination.

B.