Unit5WorkingtheLand單詞1.devotevt.把……獻(xiàn)給；把……專用于；專心于2.shortagen.不足；缺少；短缺3.tacklevt.解決；應(yīng)付；處理4.crisisn.危機(jī)；危急關(guān)頭5.boostvt.使增長；使興旺n.增長；6.convincevt.使相信；使確信；說服7.characteristicn.特點(diǎn)；特征；品質(zhì)adj.典型的；8.attainvt.獲得；得到9.conventionaladj.傳統(tǒng)的；習(xí)慣的10.assumptionn.假定；承擔(dān)；獲得11.intenseadj.熱切的；十分強(qiáng)烈的；激烈的12.overevt.克服；解決；戰(zhàn)勝13.expandvt.擴(kuò)展；vi.&vt.擴(kuò)大；14.estimaten.估計(jì)；估算vt.估計(jì)；15.domesticadj.本國的；國內(nèi)的；家用的16.consumptionn.消耗；消耗量；消費(fèi)prisevt.包括；包含；由……組成18.generatevt.產(chǎn)生；引起19.leisuren.閑暇；休閑；空閑20.soiln.泥土；土壤；國土；領(lǐng)土21.celebrityn.名望；名譽(yù)；名人；名流22.visionn.想象；視力；視野；影像23.urbanadj.城市的；都市的；城鎮(zhèn)的24.chemicaladj.化學(xué)的；n.化學(xué)制品；化學(xué)品25.wheatn.小麥；小麥籽26.fertilisern.肥料27.nutritionn.營養(yǎng)；滋養(yǎng)28.povertyn.貧窮；貧困29.organicadj.有機(jī)的；不使用化肥的；有機(jī)物的30.digestvi.&vt.消化vt.領(lǐng)會；領(lǐng)悟n.摘要；短語1.devote…to…把……用于，獻(xiàn)身2.ashortageof…缺乏……3.succeedindoingsth.成功做某事4.athomeandabroad在國內(nèi)外5.takeon…呈現(xiàn)……6.beprisedof…包括……，包含……7.inturn相應(yīng)地，轉(zhuǎn)而，依次，輪流8.forinstance例如，比如9.makeanefforttodosth.努力做某事10.inaddition除此之外11.asfor…至于……12.focuson…關(guān)注……13.freeof…免于……14.besimilarto…與……相似15.carryout執(zhí)行，實(shí)施16.haveanimpacton…對……有影響17.takeupaposition擔(dān)任，任職18.asaconsequence結(jié)果是19.apartfrom…除此之外20.playarolein…在……中起作用句型It+be+過去分詞+that語法主語從句一、詞匯清單知識點(diǎn)1教材原句P50Indeed,hisslimbutstrongbodywasjustlikethatofmillionsofChinesefarmers,結(jié)實(shí)的身體就像他為之奉獻(xiàn)了一生的千百萬中國農(nóng)民一樣。聯(lián)想詞①devotedadj.忠誠的；深愛的；投入的adevotedfather一位盡職的父親知識點(diǎn)2教材原句P50Yuanwasconvincedthattheanswercouldbefoundinthec常見用法convincesbofsth使某人確信某事/說服某人相信某事convincesbtodosth說服某人做某事convincesbthat…使某人相信……我一直在設(shè)法說服瓊跟我一起來。聯(lián)想詞①convincedadj.thing.我確信我們做的事情是正確的。②convincingadj.有說服力的；令人信服的知識點(diǎn)3n.n.假定；設(shè)定；(責(zé)任的)承擔(dān)；(權(quán)力的)獲得教材原句P50Themonassumptionthenwasthatitcouldnotbedon常見用法makeanassumption作出假設(shè)假定……;人們認(rèn)為……assumingthat…=providing/supposingthat..假如……;如果……Whereunemploymenta在失業(yè)率和犯罪率高的地方，我們可以認(rèn)為后者是由前者造成的。知識點(diǎn)4三教材原句P50Thishybridenabledfarmersto大大增加了作物的產(chǎn)量。Achild'svocabularyexpan孩子的詞匯量通過閱讀得到擴(kuò)大。impossibleinsidethefourwalls這項(xiàng)工作拓展了我的思維，這在教室里是不可常用搭配expandin…在……方面擴(kuò)充/膨脹expandinto….發(fā)展成/擴(kuò)展到……expandon/upon詳述；進(jìn)一步說明expandonit?我不是很理解你的推理。你能將它詳細(xì)說明一下嗎?知識點(diǎn)5教材原句P50Today,itisestimatedthatabout60percentofdomesticriChinaisprisedofcropsgenerated費(fèi)的稻米有約60%來自袁隆平的雜交水稻品種Thecollectionprises327pai藏有327幅畫。常用搭配beprisedof(=beposedof=be一支足球隊(duì)由11名隊(duì)員組成。般不用于進(jìn)行時和被動語態(tài))Themitteeconsistsoftenmembers.委員會由十名成員組成。知識點(diǎn)6教材原句P52Theshelter,whichcouldprotectupto8,000peoplefromwartimeprisedoftwolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybeeanLondonUnderground.這個避難所可以保護(hù)多達(dá)八千人免受戰(zhàn)時炸彈襲擊，它由兩條大隧道組成，預(yù)計(jì)有一天會成為倫敦地鐵的延伸部分。聯(lián)想詞①extendedadj.延長了的；擴(kuò)展了的②extendvt.延長vi.延伸(距離)todevelopnaturally.如果任其自然生長，主干可以長到12英尺左右?，F(xiàn)已有擴(kuò)大無煙區(qū)的計(jì)劃。weletoourvisitor.我確信你們會同我一起向來訪者表示非常熱烈的歡迎。知識點(diǎn)7教材原句P55Thisaffectsthecropsgrownonthelandand,inturn,theanimalsandwhodigestthem.這影響了生長在土地上的作物，進(jìn)而影響了食用它們的動物和人類。女孩依次大聲喊出了自己的名字。practice.理論來源于實(shí)踐，反過來又服務(wù)于實(shí)踐。聯(lián)想拓展含有turn的其他常用表達(dá)byturns輪流地，交替地(表現(xiàn)某些特質(zhì)或情感)it'sone'sturntodosth輪到某人做某事theirsickbaby.這對年輕父母不得不輪流照顧他們生病的孩子。week.我想這周輪到我們開車送孩子們上學(xué)了。知識點(diǎn)8n.可供選擇的事物教材原句P55Asanalternative,somefarmershaveswitchedtoorganicfarming,a轉(zhuǎn)向有機(jī)耕作，并且許多顧客在當(dāng)?shù)仉s貨店購物時也轉(zhuǎn)為購買有機(jī)食品。某事別無選擇analternativetosth某事物的替代品WehadnoalternativebuttofireGibson.無他法，只能辭退吉布森。聯(lián)想詞alternativelyadv.或者TheagencywillmaketravelaAlternatively,youcanorganizey旅行社將為你安排旅行，或者你也可以自己安排交通工具。二、語法清單【感知·語法規(guī)律】(1)Thathesurvivedtheserioustrafficaccidentwasawonder.

他在那次嚴(yán)重的交通事故中幸存下來是個奇跡。(2)Howthiscouldbedonewasachallengingquestionatthetime.

如何做到這一點(diǎn)在當(dāng)時是一個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問題。(3)Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.

無論誰最后離開房間都應(yīng)該關(guān)燈。(4)IthappenedthatImetmyteacheronmywayhome.

我在回家路上碰巧遇上我的老師。(5)Itisnowonderthatmyfellowguestshadhadonlyafewbitesofeachdish.

怪不得跟我在一起吃飯的客人,每道菜也就淺嘗幾口。【精講·語法知識】主語從句一、定義主語是動作的發(fā)出者，通常放在句首，謂語動詞前。若一個句子放在句首，充當(dāng)主語成分，則稱為主語從句。Guangzhouhasmanyyummydishes. 主語是一個名詞Whatshelikestoeatisshrimpdumplings. 主語是一個句子二、引導(dǎo)主語從句的連接詞：that無含義，在句中不做成分，一般不可以省略。Thatyouwillwinthegameseemsimpossible.Thatshesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.2.whether有含義(是否)，在句中不做成分，一般不可以省略。Whetherwewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.who,whose,whom,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分(主語，賓語，表語).Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.（賓語）Whatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormal.（主語）Whatamazedmemostwasthatsuchalittleboycouldplaytheviolinsowell.*常見What引導(dǎo)的主語從句：(1)Whatimpressed=struck/surprised/annoyed/touched=moved/relieved/interested/concernedmemostwasthat......(2)WhatI’minterestedin/I’concernedabout/leftan(deep/good)impressiononmeisthat......(3)What（really）mattersmostis.........Whateverparentsdoisfortheirchildren.（賓語）Whoeverbreaksthelawshouldbepunished.（主語）4.when,where,why,how連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語。Whereweshouldgofortheholidayneedstobediscussed.Whentheywillehasn’tbeenmadepublic.Whyheleftsosuddenlyisnotknowntoanyofus.Howweunderstandthingshasalottodowithwhatwefeel.Δ在下面情況下經(jīng)常用it作形式主語，真正的主語從句放在句尾。句式1：Itis+名詞+從句Itisafactthat…事實(shí)是……Itisapitythat....真遺憾....Itisstillamysterywhen/where/howtheaccidenthappened.ItisnosurprisethatBobwonthegame.Itisapitythathemissedtheopportunitytoattendtheimportantmeetingduetoasuddenillness.句式2：Itis+形容詞+從句Itisnecessarythat…有必要……Itisclear/obviousthat…很清楚……Itislikelythat…很有可能……Itisobviousthatwecannotgoonlikethis.Itisnaturalthattheyhavedifferentviews.?Itisvitalthat?

we(should)protecttheenvironment.句式3：Itis+過去分詞+從句Itissaid/reported/claimedthat…據(jù)說/據(jù)報道Itisthought/believed/supposedthat…人們認(rèn)為ItItis(universally)acknowledgedthat…公認(rèn)為……Itis(generally)consideredthat....普遍認(rèn)為...Itis(widely)assumedthat....人們廣泛認(rèn)為/假定/推測...Itis（highly/strongly)remendedthat...強(qiáng)烈推薦...Itwasreportedthattheroadtothecityhadbeenclosed.Itisunknownwhenandwherethemeetingwillbeheld.Ithasbeenprovedthateatingvegetablesinchildhoodhelpstoprotectyouagainstseriousillnessinlaterlife.句式4：It+某些動詞+從句（固定搭配）Itoccurredto/struck/hitsbthat...某人(突然)想到...Itneveroccurstosbthat...某人從沒想到...Ithappenedthat...碰巧....Itoftenhappensthat.......這是常有的事【經(jīng)典練】(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)1．makesitstrikingisthatitshowsathinfigurewithanexpressionoffear.2．Ithasbeenprovedadollarspentonriskreductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.3．Itissuggestedtheprojectshouldbecarriedoutatonce.4．Theheadteachersaidbroketheruleswouldbepunished.5．theancientpeoplebuiltthepyramidsinthepastwithprimitivetoolspuzzledpeopleforcenturies.6．theycangrowmorevegetablesinspacedependsonhowmuchtimeandspaceittakes.7．heturneddowntheinvitationwasnotclear.8．charitytheywillgotohasnotbeendecided.9．thenewmayorwilltakeofficehasn’tbeenmadepublicyet.10．Passionispassionanditdoesn’tmatterit’sdirected.三、寫作清單【點(diǎn)撥·寫作技巧】如何寫表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的文章高考英語應(yīng)用文寫作中,發(fā)表觀點(diǎn),議論情景是常見的書寫手法。發(fā)表議論就是通過議論或說理來表達(dá)作者的見解和主張,作者對某一問題持有一種看法,為了使讀者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,試圖說服他人。發(fā)表議論時,我們要注意三個要素:論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)、論證。議論文的類型:1.“一分為二”的觀點(diǎn):從兩方面去分析一個問題,然后闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。2.“兩者選一”的觀點(diǎn):分析兩種食物的優(yōu)劣勢,闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)。3.“我認(rèn)為……”型:闡述對某事物的客觀看法。4.“看圖(表)”作文:通過閱讀圖表中的數(shù)字與項(xiàng)目得出一個結(jié)論或形成一種看法。如:我們要寫一篇關(guān)于支持有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的議論文,需要注意哪些方面呢?(1)說明、論述時要注意動詞時態(tài),屬于過去發(fā)生的用一般過去時,屬于經(jīng)常發(fā)生的應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。(2)句子結(jié)構(gòu)要有變化,不要總是用一個句型“Iam...andIagree...andI...”(3)熟練掌握一些固定句型和表達(dá)方式。(4)熟練使用一些數(shù)據(jù)、百分比等作為觀點(diǎn)的支撐。(5)注意將作文的論據(jù)分層次展示,然后列舉出相應(yīng)的細(xì)節(jié)去支撐主要觀點(diǎn)。一個中心論點(diǎn)通常有幾個分論點(diǎn)支持,不同層次之間要分明,過渡清晰自然。(6)觀點(diǎn)要鮮明,一篇文章要有一個明確的中心論點(diǎn)。最后一段總結(jié),得出結(jié)論。整篇文章語言要簡潔有力,一般不采用口語。議論文的寫作步驟:(1)引言(introduction)。由于英語作文受時間和字?jǐn)?shù)的限制,因此,審清題意之后在引言段中作者就必須簡單解釋要討論的問題,并明白地亮出自己的觀點(diǎn),如提倡什么,支持什么,反對什么。(2)主體段(mainbody)。主體段是議論的過程,作者必須有足夠的證據(jù)(adequateproofs)來論證自己的觀點(diǎn)。一般可提出一個或兩個proofs,并對此用幾句話分別進(jìn)行闡述。(3)結(jié)論(conclusion)。結(jié)論段可以用一兩句話來結(jié)束文章。同時要注意與引言段呼應(yīng),但不能照搬前面的原話。【積累·寫作素材】1.話題詞匯(1)introduction(引言):Nowadaysmoreandmorepeople.../...playsanimportantrolein.../...havebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.../Generallyspeaking,thefavorableaspects/advantagescanbelistedasfollows...(2)mainbody(主體):Firstly...Secondly...Inaddition/What’smore/Moreover.../Everycoinhastwosides.../Tomakethingsworse...(3)Conclusion(結(jié)論):Throughaboveanalysis/Allthingsconsidered,wecansee.../Therefore...2.話題句式(1)總起:Differentpeopleholddifferentopinions/Theopinionsaredivided/Peoplehavetaken/adopteddifferentattitudestowards/Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem/Peopletakedifferentviewsonthisquestion(2)表達(dá)不同觀點(diǎn):ofthemholdtheopinionthat/ofthemareinfavoroftheideathat/Peoplewhoarefor/againsttheideathink/Somepeoplebelievethat...Othersarguethat...(3)不同觀點(diǎn)之間的銜接:However,someofthemholdadifferentview/holdtheoppositeopinion/Peoplewhoareagainstitdon’tthinkso/However,eachcoinhastwosides/Differentfromthose,peoplethink/Ontheotherhand.../Peopleobjectthat...(4)并列關(guān)系:and,aswellas,also(5)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系:besides,inaddition,moreover,what’smore(6)比較、對比:like,unlike,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand寫作句型：常用表達(dá)1.Wehadadiscussionaboutwhetheritisnecessaryto...2.We’vehadasurveyon...3.I’mwritingtotellyouaboutadiscussionwehavehadabout...過渡句：1.Opinionsaredividedonthisissue.2.Opinionsaremainlydividedintotwogroups.3.Differentpeople，however，havedifferentopinionsonthismatter.4.Differentpeople，however，thinkquitedifferentlyonthismatter.介紹正方觀點(diǎn)：1.45%ofthestudentsholdtheviewthat...Foronething，...Foranother，...2.60%ofthestudentsarefortheidea.介紹反方觀點(diǎn)：Onthecontrary/However/Astheoldsayinggoes，eachcoinhastwosides.Nearlyhalfofthestudentsthinkthat...ononehand，...ontheotherhand，...【示例·分步寫作】關(guān)于有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)和化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè),你們班舉行了一場辯論。請結(jié)合你們的討論結(jié)果,寫一篇支持有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的英語作文,詞數(shù)不低于80。注意要點(diǎn):1.化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)的危害;2.有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及理由;3.討論的結(jié)果和大家的期待;4.根據(jù)自己掌握的相關(guān)知識,批判性地發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)?！緦懽鞣治觥俊揪涫綔?zhǔn)備】完成句子1.Chemicalagricultureandorganicagriculturearetwokeywords.

化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)是兩個關(guān)鍵詞。2.Therearevariousopinionsaboutchemicalagricultureandorganicagriculture.

關(guān)于化學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)有各種觀點(diǎn)。3.Thereisnodoubtthatthechemicalsstayinginsidethecropscanleadtocancerorotherillnesses.Thevegetablesgrowsof