高考英語高中英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)技巧小結(jié)及練習(xí)題一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Supercomputerswhichcananalysebloodsamplesandpredictwhichpatientsarelikelytobecomeseriouslyillcouldsavetensofthousandsoflivesayear,itwasrevealedlastnight,accordingtoTheDailyExpress.

Theartificialintelligence(AI)system,developedatUniversityCollegeLondonandsettobepilotedinNHShospitalslaterthisyear,willscreen"atrisk"patientssodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.ProfYoung,aconsultantsurgeonatSouthendUniversityHospital,said:"Iamsoexcitedaboutthisformoftechnology."Insteadofpeoplegettingsickordyingbecausetheyarenotpickedupintime,thiswillallowustostepinearlierwhichwillsavelivesandanenormousamountofmoney."IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."

ThetechnologyisthebrainchildofDrVishalNangalia,aconsultantattheRoyalFreeHospitalinLondon.HeusedAItoanalyseabillionstoredbloodsamplesfrom20differentUKhospitaltrustsdatingbackupto12years.Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.

Hefoundthetechniqueforecastoutcomesofpatientswithkidneyproblemswithupto95percentaccuracy.Traditionalmethodshighlightingseriouspatientconcernspickedupasfewas16percentofpatientswhowentontodie."Thisgivesustheopportunitynotonlytosavelivesbuttopreventseriousillness,makingthehealthservicenotonlysaferbutmoreefficient."ProfYoungsaid,"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"screen"inParagraph2mean?A.

comfort

B.

treat

C.

spot

D.

nurse（2）Howdosupercomputershelpsavelives?A.

Bystoringbloodsamples.

B.

Byanalyzingpatients'cases.C.

Byobservingchangesinbloodcells.

D.

Byassistingdoctorswiththeiroperations.（3）WhydidProfessorYoungmentiontheIndustrialRevolution?A.

ToshowtheinfluenceofAI.B.

Tostresstheimportanceofhealthcare.C.

Tointroducethetopicofsupercomputers.D.

Topresenttheachievementhehasaccomplished.（4）Whatdoweknowaboutthenewtechnology?A.

Ithelpspatientsrecoverearlier.B.

Ithashelpedsavethousandsoflives.C.

Itwillpromotethehealthservicegreatly.D.

Itisintendedforpatientswithkidneydiseases.【答案】（1）C（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹超級計(jì)算機(jī)能夠分析血樣并預(yù)測哪些病人可能會(huì)患上重病，每年可以挽救數(shù)萬人的生命。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的“sodoctorscantakeearlyactiontopreventdeathorseriousillness.”以便醫(yī)生能夠及早采取行動(dòng)，預(yù)防死亡或嚴(yán)重疾病，可以猜測出，人工智能將用于對高危病人進(jìn)行“篩查”。此處screen意為“篩查”。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Computersassessbloodtestresultsbypickingupsubtlechangesinredandwhitebloodcells,suggestingapatientisgoingdownhill.”可知，計(jì)算機(jī)通過檢測紅細(xì)胞和白細(xì)胞的細(xì)微變化來評估血液檢測結(jié)果。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的"IthinkthepotentialofAIinhealthcarelikethisisasbigastheIndustrialRevolutionwas—andsignalsacompletelynewexampleinthewaywemanagehealthcare."楊教授認(rèn)為，人工智能在醫(yī)療保健領(lǐng)域的潛力與工業(yè)革命一樣大，以此類比，說明人工智能在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域的影響力。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的"Insteadofwaitingforpeopletogetworse,wewillbeabletotreatthemearlier."可知，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)將能夠更早地治療患者，而不是坐等病情惡化，從而推斷，人工智能這一科技幫助醫(yī)生對疾病診療早預(yù)判，早介入，從而幫助挽救大量生命，將大大促進(jìn)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)。故選C。【點(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下面文章，然后從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出每個(gè)問題的最佳選項(xiàng)。

AninternationalteamofresearchersfromtheUniversityofOxfordhavefoundthatthewaypeopleusetheInternetiscloselytiedtotheseasonalmovementsinthenaturalworld.Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(遷徙).

Migratorybirds(候鳥)floodbacktowheretheyreproduceeveryspring.Thatmigratorybehaviorisaccompaniedbysomehumanbehavior."InEnglish-languageWikipedia(維基百科),theonlinesearchesformigratoryspeciestendtoincreaseinspringwhenthosebirdsarriveintheUnitedStates,"saidtheleadauthorJohnMittermeier.

Andnotjustbirds.Mittermeierandhisteamsurveyednearly2.5billionWikipediasearchrecords,for32,000species,across245languages.Theyalsosawvariablesearchratesforinsects,horsetailsandfloweringplants.SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.

Thisfindingsuggestsnewwaystomonitorchangesintheworld'sbiologicaldiversity.Italsoshowsnewwaystoseehowmuchpeoplecareaboutnature,andwhichspeciesandareasmightbethemosteffectivetargetsforconservation.

Mittermeierisencouragedbythesearchresults.Hecommented,"Ithinkthere'saconcernamongconservationists(生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)者)thatpeoplearelosingtouchwiththenaturalworldandthatthey'renotinteractingwithnativespeciesanymore.Andsointhatsense,itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature."

RichardGrenyer,AssociateProfessorfromtheUniversityofOxford,sayssearchdataisusefultoconservationbiologists,"Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp."（1）Whathaveresearchersfoundaboutspeciessearches?A.Theystrengthentiesamongpeople.B.Theyaffecttheanimalmovements.C.Theydifferinlanguagebackgrounds.D.Theyreflectanimalmigrationseasons.（2）WhatisthepurposeofwritingParagraph3?A.Tosummarizetheresearchprocess.B.Tofurthersupporttheresearchfindings.C.Toshowthevarietyofspeciessearches.D.Topresentresearchers'heavyworkload.（3）HowdoesMittermeierfeelaboutthesearchresults?A.SatisfiedwithWikipedia'sservice.B.WorriedaboutWikipediabehavior.C.Amazedatpeople'scareaboutnature.D.Sadaboutpeople'snotgettingclosetonature.（4）WhydoesRichardthinksuchsearchdataisuseful?A.Ithelpstoaimatconservationtargets.B.Itincreasesinterestinbigdataapproaches.C.Itkeepstrackoftrendsinbiologists'work.D.Itpushespeopletosolvedifficultproblems.【答案】（1）D（2）B（3）C（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，牛津大學(xué)的一個(gè)國際研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的方式與自然界的季節(jié)性運(yùn)動(dòng)密切相關(guān)。他們的在線物種搜索遵循季節(jié)性動(dòng)物遷徙的模式。這一發(fā)現(xiàn)提出了監(jiān)測世界生物多樣性變化的新方法。它還展示了一種新的方式來了解人們有多關(guān)心自然，以及哪些物種和地區(qū)可能是最有效的保護(hù)目標(biāo)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Theironlinespeciessearchesfollowthepatternsofseasonalanimalmigrations(遷徙).”可知關(guān)于物種搜索，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們遵循季節(jié)性動(dòng)物遷徙的模式。故選D。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“SeasonaltrendsseemedtobewidespreadinWikipediabehaviorformanyspeciesofplantsandanimals.”可知在維基百科上，許多動(dòng)植物的行為似乎都有季節(jié)性趨勢。即第三段的寫作目的是為了進(jìn)一步支持研究結(jié)果。故選B。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“itwasreallyexcitingandquiteunexpectedformetoseepeople'sWikipediainterestcloselyrelatedtochangesinnature”可知Mittermeier看到人們對維基百科的興趣是與大自然的變化密切相關(guān)的，感到非常興奮和意外。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Byusingthesebigdataapproaches,wecandirectourattentiontowardsthedifficultquestionsinmodernconservation:whichspeciesandareasarechanging,andwherearethepeoplewhocarethemostandcandothemosttohelp.”可知Richard認(rèn)為通過使用這些大數(shù)據(jù)方法，我們可以將我們的注意力轉(zhuǎn)向現(xiàn)代保護(hù)中的難題:哪些物種和地區(qū)正在發(fā)生變化，哪些人最關(guān)心這些問題，哪些人能夠提供最多的幫助。即他認(rèn)為這些搜索數(shù)據(jù)可以有助于設(shè)定保護(hù)目標(biāo)。故選A?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．犇犇閱讀理解

Accordingtoarecentstudy,anewgeneticallymodifiedricecanpreventinfectionsofHIV,thevirusresponsibleforthediseaseAIDS.

Thestudyreportsthenewly-developedriceproducesproteinsthatattachdirectlytotheHIVvirus.Thisprocesspreventsthevirusfrommixingwithhumancells.Thescientistssayitcanremovetheeffectofthevirusandblockitsspreading.

TheJointUnitedNationsProgramonHIV/AIDSreportsthatworldwide,nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017.Theorganizationsaysthelargestnumberofthoseareindevelopingcountries.Nearlytwo-thirdsofHIVcasesareinAfrica.NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease.

Thenewstudypredictstherice-basedmethodwillleadtolong-termuseoftheanti-HIVtreatmentacrossthedevelopingworld.Researcherssaidthe"groundbreaking"discoveryis"realisticallytheonlyway"thatanti-HIVcombinationtreatmentscanbeproducedatacostlowenoughforthedevelopingworld.

Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.TheHIV-fightingproteinscanthenenterthebodythroughtheskin.Peopleallovertheworldcouldgrowthericeandmakethecreamthemselves.Thiswouldpreventthecostandtravelrequiredformanypatientstoreceivetreatmentsandmedicine.

Theprocessofchangingthegeneticstructureoffoodcropshasbeendebatedforsometime.Criticsofgeneticallyengineeredcropsbelievetheycanharmpeople.Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.（1）Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph3?A.

StresstheurgencyofHIVtreatments.B.

ProvidesomedataaboutHIV.C.

RemindreadersofHIVprevention.D.

IntroduceHIVtothepublic.（2）Inwhichwaywillthericebeusedatthelowestcost?A.

Bytransformingitintoproteins.B.

Byaddingittoanoraldrug.C.

ByattachingittotheHIVvirus.D.

Byprocessingitintoacream.（3）Whatcanweinferaboutthegeneticengineeringprocess?A.

ItcanpreventinfectionsofHIV.B.

Itcanproducedangerouschemicals.C.

Itstillrequiresperfecting.D.

Itappliestothedevelopedworld.（4）Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.

Abiologytextbook.B.

Ahealthmagazine.C.

Asocialwebpage.D.

Afirstaidbrochure.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了科學(xué)家培育出可預(yù)防艾滋病病毒感染的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻。研究人員表示，這一“突破性”的發(fā)現(xiàn)是“現(xiàn)在唯一的”以低成本為發(fā)展中國家生產(chǎn)抗艾滋病毒聯(lián)合治療的方法，但還有待于進(jìn)一步的完善。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“nearly37millionpeoplewerelivingwithHIVin2017NowthereisnocureforHIV/AIDSthoughtherehavebeendevelopmentsinoraldrugtreatmentstoslowtheprogressionofthedisease”可知，“2017年全世界有近3700萬人感染艾滋病毒。盡管口服藥物治療已經(jīng)有了進(jìn)展減緩了疾病的發(fā)展，但現(xiàn)在還沒有治愈艾滋病毒/艾滋病的方法”。由此可推斷出對于艾滋病的治療迫在眉睫，非常緊迫。分析選項(xiàng)可知A項(xiàng)符合題意，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theysaytheeasiestandmostcost-effectivewaytousethericewillbetomakeitintoacreamtobeputontheskin.”可知，最簡單、最劃算的使用方法是將大米制成面霜涂在皮膚上?！皌hemostcost-effective”與“thelowestcost”是同義詞，“makeitintoacream”與“processitintoacream”是同義的。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Thescientificteamsaysfurthertestingisneededtoensurethatthegeneticengineeringprocessdoesnotproduceanyadditionalchemicalsthatcouldbedangeroustopeople.”可知，科學(xué)研究小組認(rèn)為要進(jìn)一步的測試，以確保基因工程過程不會(huì)產(chǎn)生任何可能對人類有害的額外化學(xué)物質(zhì)。由此可推斷這種基因工程的過程還需要進(jìn)一步的完善。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了最近的一項(xiàng)研究，一種新的轉(zhuǎn)基因水稻可以預(yù)防艾滋病病毒的感染。因此與人類的健康有關(guān)，所以本文可能是出現(xiàn)在健康雜志上，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhaveread.

Stocky,slow-movingwhale,rarelygrowsbeyond15metresinlength

Flippersareathirdofbodylength;variabledorsalfinsizeandshape;saw-toothedtrailingedgeonflukes,oftenraisedwhendiving

Bumpytuberclesontopofhead

Bodycolourisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition

Bushyblow,occasionallyV-shaped

270-400olivebaleenplates

Humpbackwhalesbelongtotherorqual(groove-throated)family,whichincludesfin,sei,Bryde's,minkeandbluewhales.Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas.OncecommoninNewZealandwaters,humpbacksarenowrarelyseenandmaymigratefurtheroffshore.Malescompeteformateseitherbyphysicalfightorbysong.Femalesgivebirthtotheiryoungeverytwotothreeyears;somenon-breedingfemalesprobablyremaininthesouthernwatersduringwinter.Younghumpbackwhalesreturntotheirareaofbirthbutinlaterlifesomewanderbetweenbreedingareas.Humpbackseatsmallshrimpsandotherschoolingprey,suchasfish,formingsmall,cooperativegroupsoftwotothreeindividualstofeed.

Similarspecies:Easilyidentifiableduetoa'hump'backwhensubmerging,butatadistancemaybeconfusedwithotherspeciesthatraisetheirflukeswhendiving,suchassperm,rightandbluewhales.

Protectionstatus:Recoveringwellfrompastwhalingandnownumerousinsomeformermigrationandaggregationareas,rarelyseeninothers.（1）WhichofthefollowingisTRUEabouthumpbackwhales?A.

Theirlongflippersvaryinlength,sizeandshapelikedorsalfin.B.

Theyarelargeandlikelytogrowlongerthan15metres.C.

Thedifferentcolorsandpatternsofthebodyhelptoberecognized.D.

Theirbumpytuberclesandblowholesareonbothsidesofhead.（2）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthisarticle'sdescriptionofhumpbackwhales'migration?A.

Theyneedwarmerwaterstobreed.B.

Theycan'tsurviveinextremecold.C.

Theyfindplentifulfoodintropicalwaters.D.

TheyaremostlyhuntedinNewZealandwaters.（3）Thisarticleismainlyintendedto

.A.

explainwhyhumpbacksarestillhuntedinsomepartsoftheworldB.

introducehowhumpbacksmigratethroughsomedangerouswatersC.

popularizethebasicknowledgeofhumpbacksandcallforprotectionD.

helpdistinguishhumpbacksfromothersimilarspecies【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖、喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等，并呼吁大家保護(hù)它。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四個(gè)小點(diǎn)后的一段"Bodycolorisdarkbrowntoblack;oftenextensivewhiteonflippersandundersideofbodyandflukes;suchpatternsenableindividualrecognition"可知，座頭鯨體色由深棕色至黑色，腳蹼、身體底部和尾鰭上通常是大面積的白色；這樣的圖案使單個(gè)的座頭鯨很容易被識別。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五個(gè)小黑點(diǎn)后面的"Thebigfamilymigratebetweenwintertropicalbreedingareas(NorthWestShelf,GreatBarrierReef,NewCaledonia,Vanuatu,Fiii,Tonga)andsummerAntarcticfeedingareas."座頭鯨這個(gè)大家族在冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)（西北大陸架、大堡礁、新喀里多尼亞、瓦努阿圖、斐濟(jì)、湯加）和夏季南極喂養(yǎng)區(qū)之間遷徙?？芍?，座頭鯨在熱帶地區(qū)繁殖。冬季的熱帶繁殖區(qū)，是溫暖的地方?？芍^鯨需要在暖和的地方繁殖，故選A。（3）考查主旨大意。本文主要對座頭鯨外形特點(diǎn)、體重、顏色，以及其如何繁殖喂養(yǎng)等生活習(xí)性等作了介紹，并呼吁大家保護(hù)意識。所以本文目的是普及有關(guān)座頭鯨的知識，并對它們加以保護(hù)。分析選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)符合題意，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

ArobotcreatedbyWashingtonStateUniversity(WSU)scientistscouldhelpelderlypeoplewithdementia(癡呆)andotherlimitationsliveindependentlyintheirownhomes.

TheRobotActivitySupportSystemorRAS,usessensorsinstalledinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities.Itnavigates(定位)throughroomsandaroundobstaclestofindpeopleonitsown,providesvideoinstructionsonhowtodosimpletasksandcanevenleaditsownertoobjectsliketheirmedicationorasnackinthekitchen."RAScombinestheconvenienceofamobilerobotwiththeactivitydetectiontechnologyofaWSUsmarthometoprovideassistanceinthemoment,astheneedforhelpisdetected,"saidBryanMinor,apostdoctoralresearcherintheWSUSchoolofElectricalEngineeringandComputerScience.

Currently,anestimated50percentofadultsovertheageof85needassistancewitheverydayactivitiessuchaspreparingmealsandtakingmedicationandtheannualcostforthisassistanceintheUSisnearly$2trillion.Withthenumberofadultsover85expectedtotripleby2050,researchershopethattechnologieslikeRASandtheWSUsmarthomewillrelievesomeofthefinancialstrainonthehealthcaresystembymakingiteasierforolderadultstolivealone.

RASisthefirstrobotresearchershavetriedtoincorporateintotheirsmarthomeenvironment.TheyrecentlypublishedastudyinthejournalCognitiveSystemsResearchthatdemonstrateshowRAScouldmakelifeeasierforolderadultsstrugglingtoliveindependently.

"Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising,"Minorsaid."ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performancewithagroupofolderadultstogetabetterideaofwhatprompts,videoremindersandotherpreferencestheyhaveregardingtherobot."（1）HowdoesRASserveelderlypeople?A.

Throughsensors.

B.

Throughobjects.C.

Throughamobilerobot.

D.

Throughtheirdailyactivities.（2）WhatcanweknowaboutRAS?A.

Itisthefirstrobotusedindailylife.

B.

Itsfunctionremainstobetested.C.

Itcanlocatepeopleanddoanytask.

D.

Itcancookforownersonitsown.（3）What'sMinor'sattitudetowardthefutureofRAS?A.

Doubtful.

B.

Negative.

C.

Optimistic.

D.

Uncertain.（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.

Elderlypeopleleavethenursinghome.

B.

SmartHomeTestsfirstelder-Carerobot.C.

RAS,thefirstrobottomakehomesmart.

D.

OlderadultshavebenefitedfromRAS.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一款由美國華盛頓州立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們研發(fā)的機(jī)器人，可以幫助那些癡呆或有身體缺陷的老年人在家里過上自立的生活。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)章第二段中的“TheRobotActivitySupportSystem,orRAS,usessensors（傳感器）equippedinaWSUsmarthometodeterminewhereitsresidentsare,whattheyaredoingandwhentheyneedassistancewithdailyactivities”可知機(jī)器人活動(dòng)支持系統(tǒng)（RAS）使用WSU智能家居中配備的傳感器（傳感器）來確定其居民在哪里，他們在做什么以及何時(shí)需要日?；顒?dòng)的幫助，說明傳感器起到了重大的作用，故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance…”可知，這臺機(jī)器人的表現(xiàn)還要經(jīng)過進(jìn)一步的測，說明正在測試階段，故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilewearestillinanearlystageofdevelopment,ourinitialresultswithRAShavebeenpromising”可知，Minor對這款機(jī)器人的未來發(fā)展充滿信心、非常樂觀，故選C。（4）考查主旨大意?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹了一款由美國華盛頓州立大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們研發(fā)的機(jī)器人。再根據(jù)最后一段中的“ThenextstepintheresearchwillbetotestRAS'performance”可知，機(jī)器人目前還在華盛頓州立大學(xué)的智能屋里進(jìn)行測試，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科技類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Expertsnotethatanunhealthylifestylecanputyouatgreatriskofheartdiseaseandstroke.Sodoctorsurgeustoeathealthyfoods,getexercise,stopsmokingandlimitouralcoholintake.Butthereissomethingelseyoucando.Anditisfreeandeasy.Smile!

Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart."Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive."Hesayssmilingisthefirststepinfightingphysicalandemotionalstressanditssometimesharmfuleffectsonhumanhealth.ThisisnotjustNewAgeadvice.Severalstudiessupporthisopinion.

Whenyoufeelstressedorunderpressure,yourbodyreleasesmanynaturalhormones(荷爾蒙)includingadrenalineandcortisol.Adrenalineincreasesyourheartrateandbloodpressure.Cortisolisthebody'smainstresshormone.Itincreasessugarinthebloodstream.Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.Theyarepartofwhatwecallourfight-or-flightresponse.

However,whenwearestressedforalongperiod,thesestresshormonesareever-presentinourbodies.Andthat,medicalresearcherswarn,mayleadtohealthproblems.

Researcherssaytheconnectionbetweenstressandheartdiseaseisstillunclear.However,theyclaimthatwhenpeoplearestressedforlongperiodsoftime,theymayhaveanunhealthylifestyle,whichcanleadtohealthproblems.

Dr.Chockalingamsaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelp.Hetellshispatientstosmile20timesanhour.Tosome,thatmightseemlikealotofsmiling.Orsomemightevenfeelfoolish...smilingforseeminglynoreason.Butasmiledoesnotinvolvedrugs.Itisnotinvasivelikeasurgicaloperation.Itisfreeandithasnobadsideeffects.

"Oncepeoplesmile,theyarerelaxing.Thisrelaxationdirectlylowersbloodpressure,improvessugarlevelsintheblood.Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth."Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.（1）WhichofthefollowingagreeswithDr.Chockalingam'sopinion?A.Smilehasthesameeffectsaslaughter.B.Smilecanbeusedtotaketheplaceofmedicine.C.Smileisbetterthananyhealthylifestyletohealth.D.Smilecanmakeourbodyproducebeneficialchemicals.（2）Whatcanweknowaboutthementionedstresshormones?A.Theycanlowerourbloodpressure.B.Theywillsurelyleadtoheartdiseases.C.Theycanbenefituswhenweareindanger.D.Theywillmakeusliveanunhealthylifestyle.（3）WhydoesDr.Chockalingamthinksmilingishelpfultoourhealth?A.Itcanmakeusrelax.B.Itincreasessugarlevels.C.Ithaslittlebadsideeffects.D.Itcanhappenfornoreason.（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AThoroughAnalysisoftheCausesofHeartDiseasesB.OneThingYouCanDoRightNowtoHelpYourHeartC.OneThingThatIsCloselyConnectedwithStressHormonesD.TheClearConnectionBetweenUnhealthyLifestylesandHeartDiseases【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議多保持微笑，他認(rèn)為微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。同時(shí)說明了微笑有利于健康的原因和人們感到壓力時(shí)的身體反應(yīng)等情況。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Whenwesmile,thebrainwiringchanges.Thechemicalsthatarereleasedaremorepositive.”當(dāng)我們微笑時(shí)，大腦的線路會(huì)發(fā)生變化。釋放出的化學(xué)物質(zhì)更積極?？芍?，Chockalingam博士認(rèn)為微笑能使我們的身體產(chǎn)生有益的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ifyouaretrulyindanger,thesehormonescanhelpyou.”如果你真的有危險(xiǎn)，這些荷爾蒙會(huì)幫助你。可知，當(dāng)我們處于危險(xiǎn)中時(shí)，壓力荷爾蒙可以幫助我們。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifwearesmiling,wearebreakingthatlinkbetweenstressandhealth.Anditjustmayprovidealittleextraprotectiontoeveryone'shearthealth.”如果我們微笑，我們就打破了壓力和健康之間的聯(lián)系。而且它可能會(huì)為每個(gè)人的心臟健康提供一點(diǎn)額外的保護(hù)?？芍?，Chockalingam博士認(rèn)為微笑可以使我們放松，從而有利于我們的健康。故選A。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段中的“Dr.Chockalingam,aheartdiseasespecialistinColumbia,adviseshispatientstosmile.Hesaysasmilemaybeonewaytohelpyourheart.”哥倫比亞的心臟病專家Chockalingam博士建議他的病人保持微笑。他說，微笑可能是幫助心臟的一種方式。以及結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容主要介紹了微笑能夠讓我們放松進(jìn)而有利于我們的健康，所以要健康那就要多微笑，所以選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Someyearsago,Michel-AndrefoundhimselfstaringatthebodyofadeadwhaleonabeachintheCanaryIslands.Itwasobviousthattheanimalhadbeenstruckviolentlybyaship——butwhy?Onlylater,aftersurveyingthewhaleswhichlivedintheareaandmeasuringtheincreaseofsoundpollutionfromshipsdiditbecomeclearthattherewasalink.

Thewhaleshadbecomedesensitisedtothenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously."Weneverthoughtthatthiscouldbesomethingthatcouldkill,"recalls(回憶)Andre,whoisthedirectoroftheLaboratoryofAppliedBioacousticsattheTechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona.

Andrehasspent20yearsdevelopinganadvancedsystemtobetterunderstandwhyincidentslikethishappen.Hisunderwatermicrophoneshaveexposedaworldofdeafeningsoundandanimalcommunicationneverobservedwithsuchclarity(清晰)before.

Itwasnotaneasytask.Soundwavesdon'ttravelthroughwaterintheuniform,predictablewaytheydothroughtheair.Instead,thetemperature,salinity(鹽度)and,flowofwaterhavegreateffectsontheirpath.

Whatcanbedone?Onesolutionistochangeshippingroutestocourseswhereshipsarestatisticallylesslikelytomeetanimals.It'salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.

Asfordealingwiththerootcauseoftheproblem,theUN'sInternationalMaritimeOrganisationhasalreadypublishedguidelinesonhowtoquietenships,butitwillbeawhilebeforetheeffectsofsuchchangesmightbeobserved.

"Theoceanisnotourworld,"commentsAndre.Butitisourstolookafter.Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"desensitised"inParagraph2mean?A.

Stubborn.

B.

Flexible.

C.

Dull.

D.

Friendly.（2）What'sonewaytosolvetheproblemaccordingtothetext?A.

Tolowerthespeedofships.

B.

Toreducethenumberofships.C.

Tosetuppreservesunderthesea.

D.

Togivetheinjuredanimalstimelytreatment.（3）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardswhatMichelAndrehasdone?A.

Doubtful.

B.

Disapproving.

C.

Positive.

D.

Uncaring.（4）Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.

Agreatexpert.

B.

Noiseinthesea.C.

Animalsinthesea.

D.

Seaexplorationtechnology.【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了海底噪音對海洋生物的影響以及如何降低海底噪音的問題。（1）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第二段中的”thenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously“可知，鯨魚被靠近的船只碰撞，因?yàn)樗鼈兛赡苁菍Υ凰a(chǎn)生的噪音比較“遲鈍”。故可知?jiǎng)澗€部分單詞意思為“遲鈍的”。故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的”It'salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.“也有可能將船只減速到每小時(shí)18公里或更少，這樣就不太可能嚴(yán)重傷害鯨魚?？芍?，降低船只速度是文中提到的一種解決辦法。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.“由于他的工作，我們可以更好地了解海底聲音污染的影響?？芍髡邔ichelAndre所做的工作十分認(rèn)可。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了海底噪音對海洋生物的影響以及如何降低海底噪音的問題，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

It'scommonknowledgethatthewomaninLeonardodaVinci'smostfamouspaintingseemstolookbackatobservers,followingthemwithhereyesnomatterwheretheystandintheroom.Butthiscommonknowledgeturnsoutwrong.

Anewstudyfindsthatthewomaninthepaintingisactuallylookingoutatananglethat's15.4degreesofftotheobserver'sright-welloutsideoftherangethatpeoplenormallybelievewhentheythinksomeoneislookingrightatthem.Inotherwords,saidthestudyauthor,Horstmann,"She'snotlookingatyou."Thisissomewhatironic,becausetheentirephenomenonofaperson'sgaze(凝視)inaphotographorpaintingseemingtofollowthevieweriscalledthe"MonaLisaeffect".Thateffectisabsolutelyreal,Horstmann