2025年南京外國語招生考試題庫本文借鑒了近年相關經典試題創(chuàng)作而成，力求幫助考生深入理解測試題型，掌握答題技巧，提升應試能力。一、語文部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1閱讀下面的文字，完成題目。“秋風起兮白云飛，草木黃落兮雁南歸?！边@是古人對秋天的描繪，充滿了詩意與哲理。秋天，是收獲的季節(jié)，也是思考的季節(jié)。它不像春天那樣萬物復蘇，也不像夏天那樣熱情奔放，更不像冬天那樣寂靜肅穆。秋天，有一種獨特的韻味，一種成熟的韻味。下列對這段文字理解不正確的一項是（）A.古人對秋天的描繪充滿了詩意與哲理。B.秋天是收獲的季節(jié)，也是思考的季節(jié)。C.秋天和春天、夏天、冬天一樣，有著同樣的韻味。D.秋天有一種獨特的韻味，一種成熟的韻味。1.2閱讀下面的文字，完成題目。“人生如逆旅，我亦是行人?！边@是唐代詩人馬戴的名句，道出了人生的無常與滄桑。人生中，我們都會遇到各種各樣的困難和挫折，也會經歷各種各樣的成功和失敗。正如逆旅中的行人，匆匆而過，留下一路的風景和回憶。下列對這句詩理解不正確的一項是（）A.人生充滿了無常和滄桑。B.人生中，我們都會遇到各種各樣的困難和挫折。C.人生中，我們都會經歷各種各樣的成功和失敗。D.逆旅中的行人，留下一路的風景和回憶，是人生中最寶貴的財富。1.3閱讀下面的文字，完成題目?！皶接新非跒閺?，學海無涯苦作舟。”這是一句流傳千古的諺語，激勵著無數(shù)人勤奮學習，不斷進取。讀書，是獲取知識的重要途徑，也是提高自身素質的重要手段。只有勤奮學習，才能在書山之中找到屬于自己的道路，才能在學海之中揚帆遠航。下列對這句諺語理解不正確的一項是（）A.讀書是獲取知識的重要途徑。B.讀書是提高自身素質的重要手段。C.只有勤奮學習，才能在書山之中找到屬于自己的道路。D.只有懶惰學習，才能在學海之中揚帆遠航。（2）多選題2.1閱讀下面的文字，完成題目?！奥湎寂c孤鶩齊飛，秋水共長天一色?！边@是唐代詩人王勃的名句，描繪了一幅壯麗的秋景圖。落霞與孤鶩，秋水與長天，相互映襯，構成了一幅美麗的畫面。下列對這句詩理解正確的兩項是（）A.落霞與孤鶩齊飛，秋水共長天一色，構成了一幅美麗的畫面。B.落霞與孤鶩，秋水與長天，相互映襯，形成了鮮明的對比。C.這句詩描繪了一幅壯麗的秋景圖。D.這句詩表達了詩人對秋天的喜愛之情。2.2閱讀下面的文字，完成題目。“人生自古誰無死，留取丹心照汗青。”這是南宋民族英雄文天祥的名句，表達了詩人崇高的愛國情懷和堅貞的民族氣節(jié)。這句詩激勵著無數(shù)人為了國家和民族的利益，不惜犧牲自己的生命。下列對這句詩理解正確的兩項是（）A.這句詩表達了詩人崇高的愛國情懷和堅貞的民族氣節(jié)。B.這句詩激勵著無數(shù)人為了國家和民族的利益，不惜犧牲自己的生命。C.這句詩描繪了人生自古誰無死的悲慘景象。D.這句詩表達了詩人對生命的珍視和熱愛。2.3閱讀下面的文字，完成題目?！白x書破萬卷，下筆如有神?！边@是唐代詩人杜甫的名句，道出了讀書的重要性。讀書，可以開闊我們的視野，提高我們的思維能力，增強我們的文化素養(yǎng)。下列對這句詩理解正確的兩項是（）A.讀書可以開闊我們的視野。B.讀書可以提高我們的思維能力。C.讀書可以增強我們的文化素養(yǎng)。D.讀書可以讓我們下筆如有神。2.填空題3.1根據課文內容，填寫下列空格。《沁園春·雪》中，“”一句描繪了雪景的壯闊美麗。3.2根據課文內容，填寫下列空格?！冻啾谫x》中，“”一句表達了作者對人生的感慨。3.3根據課文內容，填寫下列空格?！堵毅憽分校啊币痪浔磉_了作者對高潔品格的追求。3.簡答題4.1簡要分析《桃花源記》中桃花源的美好景象。4.2簡要分析《出師表》中諸葛亮對后主劉禪的勸諫。4.3簡要分析《項鏈》中瑪?shù)贍柕碌娜宋镄蜗蟆?.論述題5.1論述讀書的重要性。5.2論述愛國主義的重要性。二、數(shù)學部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1若\(x^2-5x+6=0\)，則\(x\)的值為（）A.2B.3C.-2D.-31.2在直角坐標系中，點\(P(1,2)\)關于原點對稱的點的坐標為（）A.(1,-2)B.(-1,2)C.(-1,-2)D.(2,1)1.3函數(shù)\(f(x)=\frac{1}{x}\)的定義域為（）A.\(\mathbb{R}\)B.\(\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}\)C.\(\mathbb{R}^+\)D.\(\mathbb{R}^-\)（2）多選題2.1下列函數(shù)中，在\((-\infty,0)\)上單調遞增的是（）A.\(y=-x\)B.\(y=2x\)C.\(y=-2x\)D.\(y=\frac{1}{x}\)2.2若\(A=\{x\midx>1\}\)，\(B=\{x\midx<3\}\)，則\(A\capB\)為（）A.\(\{x\mid1<x<3\}\)B.\(\{x\midx>3\}\)C.\(\{x\midx<1\}\)D.\(\emptyset\)2.3在等差數(shù)列中，已知\(a_1=2\)，\(a_4=6\)，則公差\(d\)為（）A.1B.2C.3D.42.填空題3.1若\(\sin\theta=\frac{3}{5}\)，則\(\cos\theta\)的值為________。3.2若\(\log_2x=3\)，則\(x\)的值為________。3.3若\(\triangleABC\)中，角\(A\)為60°，角\(B\)為45°，則角\(C\)的度數(shù)為________。3.簡答題4.1解方程\(2x^2-3x-2=0\)。4.2求函數(shù)\(f(x)=x^2-4x+3\)的頂點坐標。4.3在等比數(shù)列中，已知\(a_1=3\)，\(a_3=12\)，求公比\(q\)。4.論述題5.1論述等差數(shù)列和等比數(shù)列的性質。5.2論述函數(shù)的單調性及其應用。三、英語部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1Choosethecorrectformoftheverb:"She______tothestoreyesterday."A.goB.goesC.wentD.going1.2Choosethecorrectformoftheverb:"IfI______rich,Iwouldtraveltheworld."A.amB.isC.wereD.are1.3Choosethecorrectword:"Thebookis______interesting."A.veryB.soC.tooD.extremely（2）多選題2.1Choosethecorrectwordstocompletethesentence:"Theboy______and______toschooleveryday."A.walkB.walksC.runningD.runs2.2Choosethecorrectwordstocompletethesentence:"Sheis______and______."A.intelligentB.intelligentlyC.intelligenceD.intelligences2.3Choosethecorrectwordstocompletethesentence:"Thestudents______totheteacher'squestion."A.listenB.listenedC.listeningD.listens2.填空題3.1Fillintheblank:"I______totheconcertlastnight."3.2Fillintheblank:"Ifyou______harder,youwillpasstheexam."3.3Fillintheblank:"Thebookis______onthetable."3.簡答題4.1Correctthefollowingsentence:"Hedon'tliketoplayfootball."4.2Correctthefollowingsentence:"Sheisgotothelibrarynow."4.3Correctthefollowingsentence:"Thecatisrunonthestreet."4.論述題5.1DiscusstheimportanceoflearningEnglish.5.2DiscussthedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglish.四、物理部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1Acarmoveswithaconstantspeedof60km/h.Howfardoesittravelin2hours?A.30kmB.60kmC.120kmD.180km1.2Whatistheaccelerationofanobjectthatchangesitsvelocityfrom5m/sto15m/sin5seconds?A.2m/s2B.4m/s2C.10m/s2D.20m/s21.3Theforceofgravityonanobjectiscalled:A.frictionB.inertiaC.weightD.tension（2）多選題2.1Whichofthefollowingarevectors?A.displacementB.speedC.massD.time2.2Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofconservativeforces?A.gravitationalforceB.frictionalforceC.normalforceD.tensionforce2.3Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofprojectilemotion?A.aballthrownstraightupB.aballthrownhorizontallyC.acarmovinginastraightlineD.asatelliteorbitingtheEarth2.填空題3.1TheSIunitofforceis________.3.2TheSIunitofaccelerationis________.3.3TheSIunitofmassis________.3.簡答題4.1Explainthedifferencebetweenspeedandvelocity.4.2Explainthedifferencebetweenmassandweight.4.3Explaintheconceptofinertia.4.論述題5.1DiscusstheprinciplesofNewton'slawsofmotion.5.2Discusstheapplicationsofprojectilemotion.五、化學部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1Whichofthefollowingisachemicalchange?A.boilingwaterB.meltingiceC.rustingironD.breakingglass1.2Whatisthechemicalformulaforwater?A.H?OB.CO?C.O?D.N?1.3Whichofthefollowingisanoblegas?A.heliumB.oxygenC.carbonD.nitrogen（2）多選題2.1Whichofthefollowingareelements?A.hydrogenB.waterC.oxygenD.sodium2.2Whichofthefollowingarecompounds?A.carbondioxideB.nitrogenC.chlorineD.water2.3Whichofthefollowingarepropertiesofacids?A.turnlitmuspaperredB.tastesourC.reactwithmetalsD.conductelectricity2.填空題3.1Theatomicnumberofanelementisthenumberof________inthenucleus.3.2Thechemicalsymbolforcarbonis________.3.3ThepHscalemeasurestheacidityorbasicityofasolution.3.簡答題4.1Explainthedifferencebetweenelementsandcompounds.4.2Explainthedifferencebetweenacidsandbases.4.3Explaintheconceptofatomicnumber.4.論述題5.1Discusstheperiodictableanditssignificance.5.2Discussthepropertiesandusesofnoblegases.六、生物部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1Theprocessbywhichplantsmaketheirownfoodiscalled:A.photosynthesisB.respirationC.fermentationD.decomposition1.2Thebasicunitoflifeis:A.cellB.tissueC.organD.organsystem1.3Theprocessbywhichfoodisbrokendowninthebodyiscalled:A.digestionB.absorptionC.assimilationD.egestion（2）多選題2.1Whichofthefollowingarepartsofaplantcell?A.nucleusB.mitochondriaC.chloroplastsD.cellwall2.2Whichofthefollowingarepartsofananimalcell?A.nucleusB.mitochondriaC.chloroplastsD.cellwall2.3Whichofthefollowingareexamplesofphotosynthesis?A.plantsB.animalsC.fishD.fish2.填空題3.1Theprocessbywhichanimalsobtainenergyfromfoodiscalled________.3.2Theprocessbywhichplantsabsorbwaterandnutrientsfromthesoiliscalled________.3.3Theprocessbywhichplantsreleaseoxygenintotheairiscalled________.3.簡答題4.1Explainthestructureandfunctionofaplantcell.4.2Explainthestructureandfunctionofananimalcell.4.3Explaintheprocessofphotosynthesis.4.論述題5.1Discusstheimportanceofphotosynthesis.5.2Discusstheimportanceofcellsinlivingorganisms.七、歷史部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1ThefirstdynastyinChinawas:A.ShangB.ZhouC.QinD.Han1.2TheGreatWallofChinawasbuiltduringwhichdynasty?A.ShangB.ZhouC.QinD.Han1.3TheRenaissancewasaperiodofculturalrebirthin:A.ChinaB.IndiaC.EuropeD.Africa（2）多選題2.1WhichofthefollowingaremajoreventsinChinesehistory?A.thefalloftheShangdynastyB.theunificationofChinabyQinShiHuangC.theconstructionoftheGreatWallD.theopeningoftheSilkRoad2.2WhichofthefollowingaremajoreventsinEuropeanhistory?A.thefalloftheRomanEmpireB.theriseoftheIslamicEmpireC.theRenaissanceD.theIndustrialRevolution2.3WhichofthefollowingaremajorfiguresinChinesehistory?A.ConfuciusB.LaoziC.QinShiHuangD.CaoCao2.填空題3.1TheperiodoftheThreeKingdomsinChinawasfrom________to________.3.2TheperiodoftheTangDynastyinChinawasfrom________to________.3.3TheperiodoftheSongDynastyinChinawasfrom________to________.3.簡答題4.1ExplainthesignificanceoftheShangDynastyinChinesehistory.4.2ExplainthesignificanceoftheZhouDynastyinChinesehistory.4.3ExplainthesignificanceoftheQinDynastyinChinesehistory.4.論述題5.1DiscusstheimpactoftheGreatWallonChinesehistory.5.2DiscusstheimpactoftheRenaissanceonEuropeanhistory.八、地理部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1ThecapitalofChinais:A.ShanghaiB.BeijingC.GuangzhouD.Shenzhen1.2ThelongestriverinChinais:A.theYellowRiverB.theYangtzeRiverC.thePearlRiverD.theHuaiRiver1.3Thehighestmountainintheworldis:A.MountEverestB.MountKilimanjaroC.MountFujiD.MountMcKinley（2）多選題2.1WhichofthefollowingaremajorcitiesinChina?A.BeijingB.ShanghaiC.GuangzhouD.Shenzhen2.2WhichofthefollowingaremajorriversinChina?A.theYellowRiverB.theYangtzeRiverC.thePearlRiverD.theHuaiRiver2.3WhichofthefollowingaremajormountainsinChina?A.MountEverestB.MountFujiC.MountTaiD.MountHua2.填空題3.1ThecapitaloftheUnitedStatesis________.3.2ThelongestriverintheUnitedStatesis________.3.3ThehighestmountainintheUnitedStatesis________.3.簡答題4.1ExplainthegeographicalfeaturesofChina.4.2ExplainthegeographicalfeaturesoftheUnitedStates.4.3ExplaintheimportanceoftheYangtzeRivertoChina.4.論述題5.1DiscusstheimpactofgeographyonChineseculture.5.2DiscusstheimpactofgeographyonAmericanculture.九、政治部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1Thestudyofpoliticsisalsoknownas:A.economicsB.sociologyC.politicalscienceD.history1.2Themainpurposeofagovernmentisto:A.makemoneyB.provideservicesC.makelawsD.fightwars1.3ThesystemofgovernmentintheUnitedStatesis:A.monarchyB.republicC.democracyD.dictatorship（2）多選題2.1Whichofthefollowingarefunctionsofagovernment?A.makinglawsB.providingeducationC.providinghealthcareD.providingsecurity2.2Whichofthefollowingareformsofgovernment?A.monarchyB.republicC.democracyD.theocracy2.3Whichofthefollowingarerightsofcitizensinademocracy?A.therighttovoteB.therighttofreedomofspeechC.therighttofreedomofreligionD.therighttofreedomofthepress2.填空題3.1TheheadofstateintheUnitedStatesisthe________.3.2ThelegislativebranchoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentisthe________.3.3TheexecutivebranchoftheUnitedStatesgovernmentisthe________.3.簡答題4.1Explainthedifferencebetweenarepublicandademocracy.4.2Explainthedifferencebetweenamonarchyandadictatorship.4.3Explaintheroleofthelegislativebranchofthegovernment.4.論述題5.1Discusstheimportanceofpoliticalscience.5.2Discusstheimportanceofcivicrightsandresponsibilities.十、綜合能力測試1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1Thesumofthefirstthreetermsofanarithmeticsequenceis12.Ifthefirsttermis2,whatisthethirdterm?A.4B.6C.8D.101.2Theareaofatrianglewithbase6cmandheight4cmis:A.12cm2B.24cm2C.36cm2D.48cm21.3Theslopeofthelinepassingthroughthepoints(1,2)and(3,4)is:A.1B.2C.3D.4（2）多選題2.1Whichofthefollowingarepropertiesofaparallelogram?A.oppositesidesareparallelB.oppositesidesareequalC.oppositeanglesareequalD.diagonalsbisecteachother2.2Whichofthefollowingarepropertiesofacircle?A.allpointsonthecircleareequidistantfromthecenterB.thecircumferenceisthedistancearoundthecircleC.thediameteristwicetheradiusD.theareaisπtimestheradiussquared2.3Whichofthefollowingarepropertiesofatriangle?A.thesumoftheanglesis180°B.thesumofthelengthsofanytwosidesisgreaterthanthelengthofthethirdsideC.theareaishalfthebasetimestheheightD.theperimeteristhesumofthelengthsofthesides2.填空題3.1Thesumoftheinterioranglesofaquadrilateralis________.3.2Thesumoftheexterioranglesofapolygonis________.3.3Themidpointofthelinesegmentjoiningthepoints(1,2)and(3,4)is________.3.簡答題4.1Explainthedifferencebetweenanarithmeticsequenceandageometricsequence.4.2Explainthedifferencebetweenacircleandanellipse.4.3Explainthedifferencebetweenatriangleandaquadrilateral.4.論述題5.1Discussthepropertiesofpolygons.5.2Discussthepropertiesofcircles.答案和解析一、語文部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1C解析：文章并未提到古人對秋天的描繪。1.2C解析：詩句表達的是對生命的珍視和熱愛，而非無常和滄桑。1.3D解析：諺語強調的是勤奮學習的重要性，而非懶惰學習。（2）多選題2.1AC解析：詩句描繪了壯麗的秋景圖，落霞與孤鶩相互映襯構成美麗的畫面。2.2AD解析：詩句表達了詩人的愛國情懷和民族氣節(jié)，激勵人們?yōu)閲依鏍奚?.3AB解析：讀書可以開闊視野，提高思維能力，增強文化素養(yǎng)，但并不一定下筆如有神。2.填空題3.1沃野千里3.2寄蜉蝣于天地3.3斯是陋室，惟吾德馨3.簡答題4.1桃花源是一個與世隔絕的美好世界，那里環(huán)境優(yōu)美，社會和諧，人民安居樂業(yè)。4.2諸葛亮勸諫后主劉禪要親賢臣，遠小人，勵精圖治，以興復漢室。4.3瑪?shù)贍柕率且粋€愛慕虛榮、追求享樂的人，但她也有善良、誠實的一面。4.論述題5.1讀書可以增長知識，提高思維能力，增強文化素養(yǎng)，是個人發(fā)展和社會進步的重要途徑。5.2愛國主義是中華民族的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)，是維護國家統(tǒng)一和民族團結的重要力量，是推動社會進步和發(fā)展的強大動力。二、數(shù)學部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1BC解析：解方程得到\(x=2\)或\(x=-1\)。1.2B解析：關于原點對稱的點的坐標為\((-1,-2)\)。1.3B解析：函數(shù)\(f(x)=\frac{1}{x}\)的定義域為\(\mathbb{R}\setminus\{0\}\)。（2）多選題2.1BD解析：函數(shù)\(y=2x\)在\((-\infty,0)\)上單調遞增，函數(shù)\(y=\frac{1}{x}\)在\((-\infty,0)\)上單調遞增。2.1A解析：集合\(A\capB=\{x\mid1<x<3\}\)。2.3AB解析：等差數(shù)列的通項公式為\(a_n=a_1+(n-1)d\)，代入已知條件解得\(d=1\)。2.填空題3.1\(-\frac{4}{5}\)3.283.375°3.簡答題4.1解方程\(2x^2-3x-2=0\)：解得\(x=2\)或\(x=-\frac{1}{2}\)。4.2求函數(shù)\(f(x)=x^2-4x+3\)的頂點坐標：頂點坐標為\((2,-1)\)。4.3在等比數(shù)列中，已知\(a_1=3\)，\(a_3=12\)，求公比\(q\)：解得\(q=2\)。4.論述題5.1等差數(shù)列的性質：相鄰兩項的差為常數(shù)，通項公式為\(a_n=a_1+(n-1)d\)，前\(n\)項和公式為\(S_n=\frac{n}{2}(a_1+a_n)\)。等比數(shù)列的性質：相鄰兩項的比為常數(shù)，通項公式為\(a_n=a_1q^{n-1}\)，前\(n\)項和公式為\(S_n=\frac{a_1(1-q^n)}{1-q}\)。5.2函數(shù)的單調性：函數(shù)在某個區(qū)間內，如果隨著自變量的增大，函數(shù)值也增大，稱為單調遞增；如果隨著自變量的增大，函數(shù)值減小，稱為單調遞減。函數(shù)的單調性在數(shù)學中的應用廣泛，例如在求解不等式、優(yōu)化問題等方面都有重要應用。三、英語部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1C解析：動詞形式應為過去式。1.2C解析：在虛擬語氣中，與現(xiàn)在事實相反的情況，從句動詞用過去式。1.3A解析：副詞very修飾形容詞interesting。（2）多選題2.1AD解析：動詞walk和running不符合語法結構。2.2AB解析：形容詞intelligent和副詞intelligently不符合語法結構。2.3AC解析：動詞listen和listening不符合語法結構。2.填空題3.1went3.2wouldstudy3.3interesting3.簡答題4.1Correctthefollowingsentence:"Hedoesn'tliketoplayfootball."4.2Correctthefollowingsentence:"Sheisgoingtothelibrarynow."4.3Correctthefollowingsentence:"Thecatisrunningonthestreet."4.論述題5.1LearningEnglishisimportantbecauseitisagloballanguageandcanhelppeoplecommunicatewithothersfromdifferentcountries.Itcanalsoopenupmoreopportunitiesforpeopleintheircareersanddailylives.5.2ThedifferencesbetweenBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishincludevocabulary,pronunciation,andspelling.Forexample,BritishEnglishusestheword"lorry"whileAmericanEnglishusestheword"truck."四、物理部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1C解析：距離=速度×時間=60km/h×2h=120km。1.2C解析：加速度=(末速度-初速度)/時間=(15m/s-5m/s)/5s=2m/s2。1.3C解析：重力是物體受到地球吸引的力。（2）多選題2.1AD解析：位移和力是矢量，速度、質量、時間、質量是標量。2.2AC解析：重力和彈力是保守力，摩擦力和空氣阻力是非保守力。2.3AB解析：拋體運動是指物體在僅受重力作用下的運動，例如拋出的球和飛機投下的炸彈。2.填空題3.1Newton(N)3.2m/s23.3kilogram(kg)3.簡答題4.1Speedistherateatwhichanobjectcoversdistance,whilevelocityistherateatwhichanobjectchangesitsposition.Speedisascalarquantity,whilevelocityisavectorquantity.4.2Massistheamountofmatterinanobject,whileweightistheforceofgravityonanobject.Massisascalarquantity,whileweightisavectorquantity.4.3Inertiaisthetendencyofanobjecttoresistchangesinitsstateofmotion.Anobjectatresttendstostayatrest,andanobjectinmotiontendstostayinmotionunlessacteduponbyanexternalforce.4.論述題5.1Newton'slawsofmotionstatethat:-Firstlaw:Anobjectatreststaysatrest,andanobjectinmotionstaysinmotionunlessacteduponbyanexternalforce.-Secondlaw:Theaccelerationofanobjectisdirectlyproportionaltothenetforceactingonitandinverselyproportionaltoitsmass.-Thirdlaw:Foreveryaction,thereisanequalandoppositereaction.5.2Projectilemotionisthemotionofanobjectthatislaunchedintotheairandmovesundertheinfluenceofgravity.Examplesincludeaballthrownstraightup,aballthrownhorizontally,andasatelliteorbitingtheEarth.Theprinciplesofprojectilemotionareusedinmanyareas,suchasballistics,sports,andengineering.五、化學部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1C解析：rustingiron是化學變化，其他選項是物理變化。1.2A解析：水的化學式是H?O。1.3A解析：helium是noblegas。（2）多選題2.1AD解析：hydrogen和sodium是elements，water和chlorine是compounds。2.2AC解析：carbondioxide和water是compounds，nitrogen和chlorine是elements。2.3ABC解析：acidsturnlitmuspaperred,tastesour,andreactwithmetals.2.填空題3.1protons3.2C3.3yes3.簡答題4.1Elementsaresubstancescomposedofonlyonetypeofatom,whilecompoundsaresubstancescomposedoftwoormoredifferenttypesofatomschemicallybondedtogether.4.2Acidshaveasourtaste,turnlitmuspaperred,andreactwithmetalstoproducehydrogengas.Baseshaveabittertaste,feelslippery,andturnlitmuspaperblue.4.3Theatomicnumberofanelementisthenumberofprotonsinthenucleusofanatomofthatelement.4.論述題5.1Theperiodictableisatabulararrangementofthechemicalelements,orderedbytheiratomicnumber,electronconfiguration,andrecurringchemicalproperties.Itissignificantbecauseithelpsscientistsunderstandtherelationshipsbetweenelementsandpredictthepropertiesofnewelements.5.2Noblegasesareelementsthatarehighlyunreactiveduetotheirfullouterelectronshells.Theyareusedinlighting,welding,andasprotectiveatmospheresinvariousindustrialprocesses.六、生物部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1A解析：photosynthesis是plantsmakingtheirownfood.1.2A解析：cellisthebasicunitoflife.1.3A解析：digestionistheprocessofbreakingdownfoodinthebody.（2）多選題2.1ABCD解析：nucleus,mitochondria,chloroplasts,andcellwallarepartsofaplantcell.2.2AB解析：nucleusandmitochondriaarepartsofananimalcell.2.3AB解析：plantsandfishcanperformphotosynthesis.2.填空題3.1respiration3.2absorption3.3photosynthesis3.簡答題4.1Aplantcellhasacellwall,chloroplasts,mitochondria,anucleus,andotherorganelles.Thecellwallprovidessupportandprotection,chloroplastscarryoutphotosynthesis,mitochondriaproduceenergy,andthenucleuscontainsthegeneticmaterial.4.2Ananimalcellhasacellmembrane,mitochondria,anucleus,andotherorganelles.Thecellmembraneregulateswhatentersandleavesthecell,mitochondriaproduceenergy,andthenucleuscontainsthegeneticmaterial.4.3Photosynthesisistheprocessbywhichplantsusesunlight,water,andcarbondioxidetoproduceglucoseandoxygen.Theglucoseisusedbytheplantforenergy,andtheoxygenisreleasedintotheair.4.論述題5.1PhotosynthesisisimportantbecauseitistheprimarysourceofoxygenintheEarth'satmosphere.Italsoprovidesthebaseofthefoodchain,asplantsaretheprimaryproducersandareeatenbyotherorganisms.5.2Cellsarethebasicunitsoflifeandareresponsibleforallthefunctionsoflivingorganisms.Theyprovidestructure,carryoutmetabolicprocesses,andreproduce.七、歷史部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1A解析：ThefirstdynastyinChinawastheShangDynasty.1.2C解析：TheGreatWallofChinawasbuiltduringtheQinDynasty.1.3C解析：TheRenaissancewasaperiodofculturalrebirthinEurope.（2）多選題2.1ABCD解析：MajoreventsinChinesehistoryincludethefalloftheShangdynasty,theunificationofChinabyQinShiHuang,theconstructionoftheGreatWall,andtheopeningoftheSilkRoad.2.2ABCD解析：MajoreventsinEuropeanhistoryincludethefalloftheRomanEmpire,theriseoftheIslamicEmpire,theRenaissance,andtheIndustrialRevolution.2.3ABC解析：MajorfiguresinChinesehistoryincludeConfucius,Laozi,andQinShiHuang.2.填空題3.1220;2803.2618;9073.3960;12793.簡答題4.1TheShangDynastywassignificantbecauseitwasthefirstdynastyinChinatohaveawrittenlanguage,whichwasinscribedonoraclebones.Italsosawthedevelopmentofbronzetechnologyandtheestablishmentofacomplexsociety.4.2TheZhouDynastywassignificantbecauseitintroducedtheconceptoftheMandateofHeaven,whichjustifiedtheruleoftheking.ItalsosawthedevelopmentofConfucianismandDaoism,whichhadalastingimpactonChineseculture.4.3TheQinDynastywassignificantbecauseitwasthefirstdynastytounifyChinaunderasingleruler.ItalsosawtheconstructionoftheGreatWallandthestandardizationofweightsandmeasures.4.論述題5.1TheGreatWallhadasignificantimpactonChinesehistorybecauseithelpedprotectChinafrominvasionsfromthenorth.ItalsofacilitatedtradealongtheSilkRoadanddemonstratedthepoweroftheChineseEmpire.5.2TheRenaissancehadasignificantimpactonEuropeanhistorybecauseitledtoarevivalofart,science,andliterature.Italsosawthedevelopmentofnewideasabouthumanismandindividualism,whichhadalastingimpactonEuropeanculture.八、地理部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1B解析：ThecapitalofChinaisBeijing.1.2B解析：ThelongestriverinChinaistheYangtzeRiver.1.3A解析：ThehighestmountainintheworldisMountEverest.（2）多選題2.1ABCD解析：MajorcitiesinChinaincludeBeijing,Shanghai,Guangzhou,andShenzhen.2.2ABCD解析：MajorriversinChinaincludetheYellowRiver,theYangtzeRiver,thePearlRiver,andtheHuaiRiver.2.3CD解析：MajormountainsinChinaincludeMountTaiandMountHua.2.填空題3.1Washington,D.C.3.2theMississippiRiver3.3MountMcKinley3.簡答題4.1Chinahasdiversegeographicalfeatures,includingmountains,rivers,deserts,andcoastlines.TheHimalayasarethehighestmountainsintheworld,theYangtzeRiveristhelongestriver,andtheGobiDesertisalargedesertinthenorth.4.2TheUnitedStateshasdiversegeographicalfeatures,includingmountains,forests,deserts,andcoastlines.TheRockyMountainsareamajormountainrange,theAmazonRainforestisalargeforest,andtheSaharaDesertisalargedesertinthesouthwest.4.3TheYangtzeRiverisimportanttoChinabecauseitisthelongestriverinthecountryandprovideswaterforagriculture,hydroelectricpower,andtransportation.4.論述題5.1GeographyhadasignificantimpactonChineseculturebecausethecountry'sdiverseterraininfluenceditshistory,economy,andpolitics.Forexample,theGreatWallwasbuilttoprotectChinafromnortherninvasions,andtheYangtzeRiverwasanimportanttraderoute.5.2GeographyhadasignificantimpactonAmericanculturebecausethecountry'sdiverseterraininfluenceditshistory,economy,andpolitics.Forexample,theMississippiRiverwasanimportanttraderoute,andtheRockyMountainswereabarriertowestwardexpansion.九、政治部分1.選擇題（1）單選題1.1C解析：Thestudyofpoliticsisalsoknownaspoliticalscience.1.2C解析：Themainpurposeofagovernmentistomakelaws.1.3C解析：ThesystemofgovernmentintheUnitedStatesisademocracy.（2）多選題2.1ABCD解析：Functionsofagovernmentincludemakinglaws,providingeducation,providinghealthcare,andprovidingsecurity.2.2ABCD解析：Formsofgovernmentincludemonarchy,republic,democracy,andtheocracy.2.3ABCD解析：Rightsofcitizensinademocracyincludetherighttovote,therighttofreedomofspeech,therighttofreedomofreligion,andtherighttofreedomofthepress.2.填空題3.1thePresident3.2theCongress3.3thePresident3.簡答題4.1Arepublicisaformofgovernmentwherethecountryisconsidereda"publicmatter"(respublica)andnottheprivateconcernorpropertyoftherulers.Ademocracyisaformofgovernmentwherethecitizensexercisepowerbyvoting.Inarepublic,thegovernmentiselectedbythepeopleandrepresentstheirinterests,whileinademocracy,thepeoplehavethedirectpowertomakedecisions.4.2