PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing語法感知Ⅰ.用所給動詞的正確形式填空1.Scientistshavetriedmanyways(solve)thisproblemandinChina，amasscampaignhasbeenstarted(help)solveit.2.Thestormssometimescontinuealldayandtrafficmovesveryslowlybecausethethickdustmakesitdifficult(see).3.Weatherexpertsadvisepeoplenot(go)out.4.It’sdifficult(breathe)andthedustmakesmeill.Soifyouwant(go)out，you’dbetterwearamask.5.(prevent)itingnearer，thegovernmentisplantingtrees.Ⅱ.完成句子1.他要求被派往農(nóng)村工作。Heaskedtoworkinthecountryside.2.看到父親睡著了，他盡量不弄出任何聲響來。Seeinghisfatherwasasleep，.3.她看起來比實際年齡年輕多了。Sheappearsthanherage.4.明天舉行的會議是關于如何控制污染的。Themeetingtomorrowisabouthowtocontrolthepollution.語法精析一、動詞不定式的時態(tài)和語態(tài)形式語態(tài)時態(tài)主動被動一般式todotobedone進行式tobedoing完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone1.動詞不定式的一般式：表示與主動詞處于同一時間層面或動作發(fā)生于主動詞之后。HeseemstounderstandwhatIsaid.他似乎明白我說的話。2.動詞不定式的進行式：表示與主動詞同時發(fā)生且動作正在進行。Thetwocheatspretendedtobeworkinghard.那兩個騙子假裝在努力工作。3.動詞不定式的完成式：表示不定式動作發(fā)生于主動詞之前。Sheseemstohaveseenthisfilm.她似乎已看過這部影片。4.動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)：表示與邏輯主語之間的被動關系。Sheaskedtobetreatedequally.她要求被公平對待。[題組訓練1]完成句子(1)Don’t(假裝懂)whatyoudon’tknow.(2)WhenIcamein，hehappened(正在讀書).(3)She(似乎忘掉了)thewholethinglastnight.(4)Thebikeneeds(修理).(5)I’msorry(帶來)yousomuchtrouble.二、動詞不定式的句法功能不定式的句法功能是作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、主語補足語、定語、原因狀語、目的狀語、結果狀語和評論性狀語。ToliveinChinaisMrSmith’sdream.(主語)生活在中國是史密斯先生的夢想。Shepromisedtogivehimachance.(賓語)她答應給他一個機會。Yourjobistowashdishes.(表語)你的工作是刷盤子。Theteachertoldhisstudentstopayattentiontotheirpronunciation.(賓語補足語)老師告訴學生們要注意發(fā)音。Iwasaskedtohelphimwithhislessons.(主語補足語)我被請求幫他學功課。Haveyougotapenciltodrawpictureswith？(定語)你有繪圖的鉛筆嗎？I’mashamedtohavetotroubleyou.(原因狀語)我很慚愧不得不麻煩你。SomescientistswenttoGermanytoattendamedicalconference.(目的狀語)一些科學家去德國參加醫(yī)學大會。Hewastooexcitedtosayanything.(結果狀語)他興奮得說不出話來。Ihaveneverseensuchaperson，totellyouthetruth.(評論性狀語)實話告訴你，我從來沒見過這樣一個人。[題組訓練2]寫出下列句子中不定式(短語)所作的成分(1)Toloveandtobelovedisthegreatesthappinessonecanseek.(2)Ican’taffordtobuythehouse.(3)HisjobistoteachEnglish.(4)Ibelievehimtobehonest.(5)Heworkedhardtopasstheexam.三、復合結構的不定式“for＋名詞(或代詞賓格)＋動詞不定式”即構成復合結構的動詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語，這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語或狀語。Itisveryimportantforustogeteverythingreadyfortheharvest.為收獲的季節(jié)準備好一切對我們來說很重要。當作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質或特征時，就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語，這些形容詞一般有good，nice，kind，wise，silly，stupid，foolish，right，wrong，careless，impolite等。Itisverykindofyoutohelphimeveryday.你真是太友好了，每天都幫他。四、疑問詞＋動詞不定式疑問代詞和疑問副詞后可加動詞不定式構成不定式短語，在句中可作主語、表語或賓語。Howtopreventthemfromswimminginthisriverisaproblem.如何阻止他們在這條河里游泳是個問題。五、but＋不定式動詞不定式在but，except，besides等表示“除了……”之意的介詞后面時，如果這些介詞之前有行為動詞do的某種形式，那么介詞后的不定式不帶to，否則帶to。Shecoulddonothingbutcry.她除了哭什么也不能做。Tomdidnothingexceptwaitbeforehisparentscamehome.父母回家之前，湯姆只有等待。Whatdoyouliketodobesidesswim?除了游泳你還喜歡做什么？Hedidnothingelsebutlaugh.他只是笑笑而已。Ihavenochoicebuttoacceptthefact.除了接受這一事實，我別無選擇。拓展延伸在can’tbut，can’thelpbut，can’tchoosebut(不得不，只能)結構后，不定式不帶to。Therebeingnobuses，hecan’tbutwalkhome.由于沒有公共汽車，他只能步行回家。Hecan’tchoosebutaccepttheoffer.他別無選擇只能接受提議。[題組訓練3]用所給動詞的正確形式填空(1)Ihavenothingtodobut(wait)here.(2)Hehadnochoicebut(give)in.(3)Shecan’thelpbut(obey)theagreement.(4)Wecan’tchoosebut(return)unwillingly.(5)Itwassillyofyou(believe)him.高考鏈接Ⅰ.用所給動詞的正確形式填空1.Iwaswatchingtheclockallthroughthemeeting，asIhadatrain(catch).(2017·天津)2.Manyairlinesnowallowpassengerstoprinttheirboardingpassesonline(save)theirvaluabletime.(2017·北京)3.Theyarerequired(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(2017·全國Ⅰ)4.(make)iteasiertogetintouchwithus，you’dbetterkeepthiscardathand.(2016·北京)5.Whenanewdaybreaks，thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough(cool)thehouseduringthehotday；atthesametime，theywarmupagainforthenight.(2015·全國Ⅱ)6.AfterreceivingtheOscarforBestSupportingActress，AnneBenedictwenton(thank)allthepeoplewhohadhelpedinhercareer.(2015·陜西)7.SometimesIactasalisteningearforfellowstudents(talk)overwhatisbotheringthem.(2015·湖南)8.Ittookyearsofwork(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.(2014·新課標全國Ⅰ)9.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver，butherefused(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.(2014·新課標全國Ⅱ)10.Therearestillmanyproblems(solve)beforewearereadyforalongstayontheMoon.(2014·北京)Ⅱ.單句改錯(每小題僅有1處錯誤)1.Whensummeres，theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables！(2017·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯)2.It’sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywantsharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.(2015·四川，短文改錯)3.Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjustgetsomemoreofthesebiscuits.(2015·陜西，短文改錯)4.Meanwhile，IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImightmakemytoystolast.(2012·新課標全國，短文改錯)5.Themandingofficer，WayneTyler，whowasdirectlyresponsibleforthestudyofallsuchreports，decidedtomakinghisfindingsknown.(2011·遼寧，短文改錯)6.Mybrotherwassofondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstostayinganothercoupleofdays.(2011·大綱全國，短文改錯)寫作指導關于環(huán)境保護方面的議論文一般應注意以下幾個方面：1.觀點明確，論據(jù)充分，時態(tài)正確。2.條理清晰，內容連貫；可以使用itiswell-known/asweallknow/asisknown，however/but，ontheotherhand等過渡性詞匯。3.環(huán)保類議論文一般按照“三段論”來寫：介紹現(xiàn)象(提出問題)——提出相關應對措施——呼吁人們增強環(huán)保意識，自覺保護環(huán)境。常用句式1.Environmentalproblemsarebeingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.2.Theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandforourlatergenerations.3.Ontheonehand...ontheother(hand....4.Whenitesto...，mostpeoplebelievethat...，butotherpeopleregard...as...5.Measureshavebeentakentodealwiththeseproblemsbythegovernment.6.Ihopetheproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfutureandourhomewillbeebetterandbetter.7.Inmyopinionthat.../Astomethat.../AsfarasIknow...8.Apubliceducationcampaignshouldbelaunchedtomakepeoplehaveagoodknowledgeofenvironment.典題示例近年來沙塵暴肆虐我國。假如你是李華，請根據(jù)以下要點用英語寫一篇100詞左右的信向報社投稿，呼吁大家植樹造林，保護環(huán)境。過去我的家鄉(xiāng)是一個美麗的地方。茂密的樹木和青草隨處可見。可是，為了蓋房和種更多的莊稼，人們砍掉了越來越多的樹。隨著時間的流逝，整個樹林幾乎全被破壞了。漸漸地，青山變成了荒地。結果，沙塵暴時常來襲，給我們帶來很多災害。所以，我真的希望所有的人都認識到不保護環(huán)境的嚴重后果。而且，為了改善生活狀況，我們應看護好樹林，種更多的樹而不是砍樹。參考詞匯：荒地wasteland寫作步驟StepOne審題謀篇寫作要求是寫一篇關于沙塵暴的文章。寫作時應注意下面幾點：1.確定文體：這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章，寫作中應注意文章結構。2.主體時態(tài)：文章應以一般現(xiàn)在時為主。3.主體人稱：人稱應該以第三人稱為主。StepTwo聯(lián)想詞匯1.過去常常2.為了3.砍伐(樹木)4.結果5.不時地6.處理，處置7.在乎，關心8.照顧，照料StepThree句式升級1.過去我的家鄉(xiāng)是一個美麗的地方。，myhometownwasabeautifulplace.(介詞短語)Myhometownabeautifulplace.(usedtobe)2.結果，沙塵暴時常來襲，給我們帶來很多災害。Asaresult，sandstormsstruckusnowandthen，.(并列句)Asaresult，sandstormsstruckusnowandthen，.(非限制性定語從句)3.所以，我真的希望所有的人都能認識到不保護環(huán)境的嚴重后果。So，Iallthepeopleshouldrealizetheterribleresultofnotcaringaboutourenvironment.(do強調謂語動詞)So,it’sallthepeopleshouldrealizetheterribleresultofnotcaringaboutourenvironment.(同位語從句)4.而且，為了改善生活狀況，我們應看護好樹林，種更多的樹而不是砍樹。，，weshouldtakegoodcareoftheforestsandplantmoretreesinsteadofcuttingthemdown.(moreover；inordertodo)，weshouldtakegoodcareoftheforestsandplantmoretreesinsteadofcuttingthemdownimproveourlivingconditions.(what’smore；soastodo)StepFour連句成篇

答案精析語法專題語法感知Ⅰ.1.tosolve；tohelp2.tosee3.togo4.tobreathe；togo5.TopreventⅡ.1.tobesent2.hetriednottomakeanynoise3.tobemuchyounger4.tobeheld語法精析題組訓練1(1)pretendtoknow(2)tobereading(3)seemedtohaveforgotten(4)toberepaired(5)tohavebrought題組訓練2(1)主語(2)賓語(3)表語(4)賓補(5)目的狀語題組訓練3(1)wait(2)togive(3)obey(4)return(5)tobelieve高考鏈接Ⅰ.1.tocatch2.tosave3.toprocess4.Tomake5.tocool6.tothank7.totalk8.toreduce9.tostop10.tobesolvedⅡ.1.Whensummeres，theywillinvitetheirstudentseq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))pickthefreshvegetables!2.It’sbeenamonthsinceIcametothisnewschoolandIreallywanteq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))sharewithyousomeoftheproblemsIhavebeenexperiencing.3.Imighthavetoretireagainnextyearjusteq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))getsomemoreofthesebiscuits.4.Meanwhile，IfoundoutthatwithmorepatienceImightmakemytoystolast.5.Themandingofficer，WayneTyler，whowasdirectlyresponsibleforthestudyofallsuchreports，decidedtoeq\f(making,make)hisfindingsknown.6.Mybrotherwassofondofthemuseumstherethathebeggedmyparentstoeq\f(staying,stay)anothercoupleofdays.寫作專題StepTw