2022屆河北省邯鄲市第一中學高三上學期開學考試英語試卷1.本試卷分選擇題和非選擇題兩部分。滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。2.考生作答時，請將答案答在答題卡上。選擇題每小題選出答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑；非選擇題請用直徑0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆在答題卡上各題的答題區(qū)域內作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效，在試題卷、草稿紙上作答無效。第二部分閱讀第一節(jié)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AATimeforanadventure?Areyouabitboredwithyournine-to-fiveroutine?Havealookatourexcitingrangeofholidaysanddecidewhattypeofadventureyou'dlike.ActivityholidaysOuractivityholidaysareforeveryone,peoplewholovedangerorwhojustlikesports.Wehaveahugevarietyofwater,snowordesertholidays.We'lltakeyouSCUBAdivingintheRedSeaorkayakingandwhitewaterraftinginCanada.Ifyouprefersnow,youcantryskiingorsnowboardingintheAlps.Forthosewholikewarmerweather,wealsohavesandboarding-hedesertversionofskateboarding.PolarexpeditionsTakeacruisetotheAntarcticortheArctic;explorealandofwhitenaturalbeautyandwonderfulwildlife.OurexpertswillexplaineverythingaboutthetwopolesasyouwatchthepenguinsintheAntarcticorwhalesandpolarbearsintheArctic.CulturaljourneysOurculturaljourneyswillhelpyoudiscoverancientcivilizations:India,Thailand,Egyptandmanymore.Visittemples,palacesandancientruins-justremembertobringyourcamera!Gettoknowlocalwaysoflifebyexploringmarkets,tryingforeignfoodsandmeetinglocalpeople.TrekkingtoursWehavetrekkingholidaystofamousplacessuchasMachuPicchuortheEverestBaseCampTrek,aswellassomenearertohomeintheHighlandsofScotland.Youdon'tneedtobeverysporty,justfairlyfit.You'llhaveagreattimeenjoyingnaturewithagroupofnewfriends.Someoftheholidaysincludecamping,butwe'lltransportthetentsforyou!1.Whichtourwillyouchooseifyouwanttowatchanimalsinnature?A.Activityholidays. B.Polarexpeditions.C.Culturaljourneys. D.Trekkingtours.2.Whatcanexplorersprobablydoduringthetrekkingtours?A.Dosomesports. B.Enjoysandboarding.C.Camponthemountains. D.TrysnowboardingintheAlps.3.Whoaretheholidayadventureeventsmainlyaimedat?A.Seniorretirees. B.Youngteenagers.C.Regularworkers. D.Successfulbusinessmen.【答案】1.B2.C3.C【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文推薦了幾個不同的度假選項，包括活動假日，極地探險，文化旅途，徒步旅行?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中TakeacruisetotheAntarcticortheArctic;explorealandofwhitenaturalbeautyandwonderfulwildlife.可知乘船游覽南極或北極；探索白色的自然美景和奇妙的野生動物的土地。由此可知，如果你想看大自然中的動物，你可以選擇Polarexpeditions.。故選B?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Trekkingtours部分中WehavetrekkingholidaystofamousplacessuchasMachuPicchuortheEverestBaseCampTrek,aswellassomenearertohomeintheHighlandsofScotland.可知我們有徒步旅行的假期，去著名的地方，如馬丘比丘或珠峰大本營遠足，以及一些更接近家鄉(xiāng)的蘇格蘭高地。以及后文Someoftheholidaysincludecamping,butwe'lltransportthetentsforyou!可知有些假期包括野營，但我們會為你運送帳篷！由此可知，在Trekkingtours中探險家們可能會在山上露營。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句Areyouabitboredwithyournine-to-fiveroutine?可知你是不是有點厭倦了朝九晚五的生活？由此可推知，這是針對上班族的。故選C。BGrowingup,IneverworemakeupandIwasalwaysmoreafraidofthemirrorthananythingelse.Ihadn'tthoughtmakeupwasmeantforme,adisabledwoman,untilIsawUlta'snewadvertisement:ahugefull-colorphotoofamodelinawheelchair.Theworldoffashionandbeautyisrarelyrelatedtodisabilities,andeventhoughHollywoodhasmadestepstowardgreaterinclusionandclothingbrandAeriehasfeaturedwomenwithdisabilitiesintheiradvertisements,seeingdisabilitiesinthemainstreamisdefinitelyunusual.Thereasonwhythesethingsmakeheadlinesisthatthey'resorare.Ilearnedfromaveryyoungagethatbecauseofmydisability,Iwouldneverbeconnectedwithbeautyorcharm.I'dspentsolongfeelingseparatedfromsomanypartsofsociety,butUltaissendingapowerfulmessagewithasinglephoto:It'stimetochallengeconventionalbeautystandardsbecausebeautycomesinallforms.Weallwanttofeelincluded.Whenitcomestodisabilities,itissoimportant,especiallyforchildrenandteenswithdisabilities.Iwaswellintomy30swhenIrolledintoamakeupstoreforthefirsttime.IhadnoideawhatIwasdoingandfeltlikeenteringanewworldwithoutamap;IfeltlikeIwasoutofplace,asifIwaspeekingataclubwithoutbeinginvited.ImaginehowmyexperiencewouldhavebeendifferentifIhadseenamodelinawheelchair,smiling,asiftosay,“Welcome.Yes,youbelong!”ThatmessageofinclusionwasloudandclearforMarenAnderson,a4-year-oldgirlwhohasararegeneticdiseaseandjuststartedusingawheelchair.ThemomentshespottedtheadvertisementwascaughtoncamerabyhermomCarolynAnderson,andquicklyspreadlastmonthonFacebook.“It'sjustreallysayingthatshefeelsincluded,andshefeelslikesheidentifieswiththat,andbelongsherejustlikeeverybodyelse.So,thankyou,Ulta,”saidCarolynAnderson.4.Whatcanbelearnedfromparagraph2?A.Therewillbemoreproductsforthedisabled.B.Aerieistheauthor'sfavoriteclothingbrand.C.HollywoodworkswithUltatohelpthedisabled.D.It'shardforthepublictoassociatebeautywithdisabilities.5.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUlta'snewadvertisement?A.Itcreatesanewtrendinthefashionworld.B.Itmakessocietyoffermorejobstothedisabled.C.Ithelpsmakethedisabledfeelconfidentandinvolved.D.Itbreaksthebarrierbetweenthedisabledandtheable-bodied.6.Howdidtheauthorfeelwhenshefirststeppedintothemakeupstore?A.Nervousandembarrassed. B.Sadandlonely.C.Excitedandproud. D.Lostandbored.7.WhyisMarenAnderson'sphotomentionedinthelastparagraph?A.Toexposetheconditionofthedisabled.B.ToshowtheeffectofUlta'sadvertisement.C.Toemphasizethesenseofbelonging.D.Toexplorethecontemporarybeautystandards.【答案】4.D5.C6.A7.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。本文作者從殘疾人視角講述了一個新廣告帶來的影響?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theworldoffashionandbeautyisrarelyrelatedtodisabilities,andeventhoughHollywoodhasmadestepstowardgreaterinclusionandclothingbrandAeriehasfeaturedwomenwithdisabilitiesintheiradvertisements,seeingdisabilitiesinthemainstreamisdefinitelyunusual.Thereasonwhythesethingsmakeheadlinesisthatthey'resorare.(時尚和美容界很少與殘疾有關，盡管好萊塢已經(jīng)邁出了更大的步伐，服裝品牌Aerie也在廣告中加入了殘疾女性的形象，但在主流社會看到殘疾女性絕對是不尋常的。這些事情之所以成為頭條新聞，是因為它們非常罕見)”可知，公眾很難將美麗與殘疾聯(lián)系起來。故選D?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ultaissendingapowerfulmessagewithasinglephoto：It'stimetochallengeconventionalbeautystandardsbecausebeautycomesinallforms.(Ulta用這張照片傳遞了一個強有力的信息：是時候挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)的美麗標準了，因為美麗是各種形式的)”以及第四段中“ImaginehowmyexperiencewouldhavebeendifferentifIhadseenamodelinawheelchair,smiling,asiftosay,'Welcome.Yes,youbelong!’(想象一下，如果我看到一個坐在輪椅上的模特，微笑著，好像在說‘歡迎光臨’，我的經(jīng)歷會有多么不同。是的，你屬于這兒)”可知，作者認為Ulta的新廣告可以讓殘疾人士有信心接觸社會并有認同感。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Ihadnoideawhatdoingandfeltlikeenteringanewworldwithoutamap；IfeltlikeIwasoutofplace,asifIwaspeekingataclubwithoutbeinginvited.(我不知道自己在做什么，覺得自己進入了一個沒有地圖的新世界；我覺得自己格格不入，好像沒被邀請就偷看俱樂部)”可推知，作者第一次去化妝品店時是緊張并不知所措的，故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ThatmessageofinclusionwasloudandclearforMarenAnderson,a4-year-oldgirlwhohasararegeneticdiseaseandjuststartedusingawheelchair.ThemomentshespottedtheadvertisementwascaughtoncamerabyhermomCarolynAnderson,andquicklyspreadlastmonthonFacebook.(對于患有罕見基因疾病的4歲女孩MarenAnderson來說，這種包容的信息是響亮而清晰的。她剛剛開始使用輪椅?？吹竭@則廣告的那一刻，她的媽媽卡羅琳·安德森用攝像機拍了下來，并于上個月在Facebook上迅速傳播開來)”可推知，MarenAnderson的照片在最后一段被提及是為了說明這個廣告的影響力，故選B。CHowmuchfooddoyoubuyeachweek?Areyousomeonewhostuffsyourfridgeandcupboardsfulloffoodssothatyou’llalwayshavesomethingtoeat?Ormaybe,you’remoreefficientwithyourshopping,onlybuyingwhatyouneedandusingupyourleftoverssothatyoukeepfoodwastetoaminimum.Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.Whilesomeofusthrowawayunwanteditems,peopleinotherpartsofworldfacefoodshortagesandarestarving.It’sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld’sfoodiswastedeachyear.Theactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.Youmaythinksupermarketsarethemaincontributorstothismountainoffood.Afterall,theydogetridofstuffthat’spastitssell-by-dateandtheyoftenrefusetosellvegetablesandfruitthatarethewrongshapeorlookdamaged.They’vealsobeencriticizedforencouragingcustomerstobuymorethantheyneedthroughpromotionssuchas“buyoneandgetonefree”.Butweourselvesaremainlyresponsibleforcreatingfoodwaste.InEuropeanincredible53%offoodwastecomesfromhouseholds,whichresultsin88milliontonnesoffoodwasteayear.Thefoodwasteisburiedandlefttorot.Unfortunately,thiscausesgreenhousegaseswhicheventuallyleadtoglobalwarmingandclimatechange.InDenmark,awomancalledSelinaJuulhasbeenworkinghardtosolvethisproblem.Sheconvincedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinbulk(批量)sothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.Sheproducedaleftoverscookbookandshe'ssetupaneducationprogrammeinschools.Thishashelpedcreateasignificant25%reductioninfoodwaste,whichshowsthatsomethingcanbedone.Clearly,weneedtothinktwicewhenweputsomethinginourshoppingtrolley,andwhenwe’reathome,weshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—usingrecipesthatuseupourleftoversorevensharingourfoodwithourfriendsandneighbors.8.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowinparagraph2?A.Theworldhunger. B.Theimpactofwastingfood.C.Thesolutionstofoodshortages. D.Theseverefoodwaste.9.Whyaresupermarketscriticizedaccordingtothetext?A.Theyoftenchangethepricesoffood.B.Theyfocusmoreonfood'slooksthanqualities.C.Theymakepeoplebuymorefoodthantheyneed.D.Theyoftenputupfalseadvertisementsforfood.10.WhatdidSelinaJuuldotohelpreducethefoodwaste?A.Sheestablishedaneducationprogrammeinneighborhoods.B.Shepersuadedsupermarketstochangetheirwaysofsale.C.Sheconvincedsupermarketstosellherleftoverscookbook.D.Sheencouragedpeopletosharefoodincommunities.11.What’sthemainpurposeofthetext?AToadvocatehealthyeatinghabits.B.Toraisethepublic’sawarenessofsaving.C.Todrawpeople'sattentiontofoodsecurity.D.Toblamethemarketingmethodsofsomesupermarkets.【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。講述了近年來，發(fā)達國家正面臨愈演愈烈的食品浪費現(xiàn)象，與其對比，另有一些國家的人們仍面臨著食物緊缺的困難，并呼吁人們提高公眾的節(jié)約意識?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Throwingawayunwantedfoodhasbecomeabigissueinthedevelopedworld.(在發(fā)達國家，扔掉不需要的食物已經(jīng)成為一個大問題。)”以及“It’sashockingfactthatathirdoftheworld’sfoodiswastedeachyear.Theactualfigureis1.3billiontonsoffood,whichisenoughtofeedabillionhungrypeople.(每年世界上三分之一的食物被浪費，這是一個令人震驚的事實。實際數(shù)字是13億噸糧食，足以養(yǎng)活10億饑餓人口。)”可知，第二段中，作者想表達嚴重的食物浪費。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“They’vealsobeencriticizedforencouragingcustomerstobuymorethantheyneedthroughpromotionssuchas‘buyoneandgetonefree’.(他們還因鼓勵消費者通過‘買一送一’等促銷活動購買超出他們需要的東西而受到批評。)”可知，超市會因為他們讓人們買比他們需要的更多的食物而受到批評。故選C項?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Sheconvincedsomesupermarketstostopsellingtheiritemsinbulk(批量)sothatpeopleboughtonlywhattheyneeded.(她說服一些超市停止批量出售商品，這樣人們就只買他們需要的東西。)”可知，SelinaJuul通過說服超市改變他們的銷售方式來減少浪費。故選B項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Clearly,weneedtothinktwicewhenweputsomethinginourshoppingtrolley,andwhenwe’reathome,weshouldmakethemostofthefoodwehave—usingrecipesthatuseupourleftoversorevensharingourfoodwithourfriendsandneighbors.(顯然，當我們把東西放進購物車時，我們需要三思后行。當我們在家時，我們應該充分利用我們擁有的食物——使用能用完剩菜的食譜，甚至與我們的朋友和鄰居分享我們的食物。)”可以推知，文章旨在提高公眾的節(jié)約意識。故選B項。DAstudyofviolinistsfoundthatmerelygoodplayerspractisedasmuchasbetterplayers,leavingotherfactorssuchasqualityofeducation,learningskillsandperhapsnaturaltalenttoaccountforthedifference.Thisfindingchallengesthe10,000-hourrulepromotedinMalcolmGladwell’s1993studyofviolinistsandpianists.Gladwellstatesthatenoughpracticewillmakeanexpertofanyone.“Theideahasbeenpopularandentrenchedinourcultureforyears.It’snotanidiombutanoverstatement,”saidBrookeMacnamara,theleadauthor.“Whenitcomestohumanskill,acomplexcombinationofenvironmentalfactorsandgeneticfactorsexplainstheperformancedifferencesacrosspeople.”Macnamaraandhercolleaguessetouttorepeatpartofthe1993studytoseewhethertheyreachedthesameconclusion.Theyinterviewedthreegroupsof13violinistsregardedasbest,good,orlessaccomplishedabouttheirpracticehabits,beforehavingthemcompletedailydiariesoftheiractivitiesoveraweek.Whilethelessskillfulviolinistsreachedanaverageofabout6,000hoursofpracticebytheageof20,therewaslittletoseparatethegoodfromthebest,witheachreachinganaverageofabout11,000hours.Inall,thenumberofhoursspentpractisingaccountedforaboutaquarteroftheskilldifferenceacrossthethreegroups.Macnamarabelievespracticeislessofadriver.“Onceyougettothehighlyskilledgroups,practicestopsaccountingforthedifference.Everyonehaspractisedalotandotherfactorsareatplayindeterminingwhogoesontoahigherlevel,”shesaid.“Thefactorsdependontheskillbeinglearned:inchessitcouldbeintelligenceorworkingmemory;insportitmaybehowefficientlyapersonusesoxygen.Tocomplicatemattersfurther,onefactorcandriveanother.Childrenwhoenjoyplayingtheviolin,forexample,maybehappytopractisebecausetheydonotseeitasatrouble.”Theauthorsofthe1993studyareunimpressed.Macnamarasaiditwasimportantforpeopletounderstandthelimitsofpractice,though.“Practicemakesyoubetterthanyouwereyesterday,mostofthetime,”shesaid.“Butitmightnotmakeyoubetterthanyourneighhourortheotherkidinyourviolinclass.”12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“entrenched”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Rooted. B.Advanced. C.Changed. D.Unconfirmed.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutMacnamara’sstudy?A.ItconvincedMalcolmGladwell. B.Itinvolvedviolinistsandpianists.C.Itsprocesswassimilartothe1993study. D.Itsresultisconsistentwiththe1993study.14.WhatdoesMacnamarafindabouthighlyskilledpeople?A.Practicingfor11,000hoursistheirmaindriver.B.Theyenjoykeepingdiariesabouttheirprogress.C.Environmentalfactorshavelittlerelationtotheirsuccess.D.Morepracticemakeslittledifferencetotheirfurtherprogress.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Whatmakesanexpert? B.Doespracticemakeperfect?C.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm D.Enthusiasmisthekeytosuccess【答案】12.A13.C14.D15.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章說明了優(yōu)秀的人的成就是多種因素造成的結果，并對練習的重要性進行了更深層次的探討?！?2題詳解】詞句猜測題。第二段劃線詞句的上一句“Gladwellstatesthatenoughpracticewillmakeanexpertofanyone.(Gladwell指出，足夠多的練習將使任何人成為專家。)”中Gladwell提出了諺語“Practicemakesperfect”的觀點，再根據(jù)劃線詞句“Theideahasbeenpopularandentrenchedinourcultureforyears.(多年來，這個觀點已經(jīng)很流行，并在我們的文化中entrenched。)”可知，劃線單詞和前文中的“popular”并列，說明這個傳統(tǒng)觀點廣泛流傳并在文化中“基礎深厚”，結合選項可知，選項A“根深蒂固的”與之意義最為接近，故選A項。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Macnamaraandhercolleaguessetouttorepeatpartofthe1993studytoseewhethertheyreachedthesameconclusion.(Macnamara和她的同事重復了1993年的部分研究，看看他們是否能得出相同的結論。)”可知，Macnamara做的實驗過程和1993年做的實驗是相似的。故選C項?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Macnamarabelievespracticeislessofadriver.(Macnamara認為，練習并不是唯一驅動因素。)”以及她所說的“Onceyougettothehighlyskilledgroups,practicestopsaccountingforthedifference.Everyonehaspractisedalotandotherfactorsareatplayindeterminingwhogoesontoahigherlevel.(一旦你進入了高技能人群，練習就不能解釋這種差異了。每個人都做了很多練習，其他因素在決定誰能上更高的水平上起作用)”可推知，Macnamara認為更多練習對高技能的人的進一步繼續(xù)進步?jīng)]有多大影響。故選D項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段“Astudyofviolinistsfoundthatmerelygoodplayerspractisedasmuchasbetterplayers,leavingotherfactorssuchasqualityofeducation,learningskillsandperhapsnaturaltalenttoaccountforthedifference.(一項對小提琴家的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，優(yōu)秀的小提琴手和更優(yōu)秀的小提琴手僅僅是練習的次數(shù)一樣多，這時，其他因素，如教育質量、學習技巧，也許還有天生的天賦，就是造成這種差異的原因。)”可知，本文主要說明優(yōu)秀的人成就是多因素的結果，并對練習的重要性進行了更深層次的說明。選項B“熟能生巧（練習能至完美）嗎？”對這一流行的觀點進行進一步的探討，突出主題，適合做標題。故選B項。第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Beingaleaderinanyenvironmentearnsyoutrustamongpeersandhelpsyougetthingsdone,whateverthetaskis.Letusshowyouhowtodevelopleadershipskills.Assessyourself.____16____It’saboutlookingatyourselfobjectively,seeingyourbehaviorsandattitudesfromtheoutside,andobservinghowyoumaycomeacrosstootherpeople.Forinstance,youmayknowyourintentionsaregood,butperhapsyourdeliverydoesn'tquitetranslatethat.Addressareasofimprovement.Beopentotestingnewideasandtryingnewwaysofdoingthings,especiallyifitseemsyouroldwaysofdoingthingsdon’twork.____17____Ifyoustruggletoseeyourselfobjectivelyenoughtofigureoutwhichareasneedimprovement,aleadershipcoachmaybeabletohelp.Beagoodproblem-solver.____18____Sobeingquickonyourfeetanddecisiveinhowyoudealwithproblemswillputyouaheadofthegameasaleader.____19____Youdon’thavetoagreewitheverythingsomeonesays,butyoumustbewillingtoreceivefeedbackaboutyourownperformance,aswellasopinionsonotherimportantissues.Beingflexibleandcuriousaboutthewants,needs,andideasofotherswilldevelopamuchmorerespectful,effective,andpositiveenvironmentforeveryone.Encourageothers.Buildingleadershipskillsrequiresknowinghowtoworkwellwithpeople.Stayingintheknowaboutwhatgoesoninyourcommunityisimportant,butrespondingtothatinformationwithenthusiasmisequallycritical.____20____A.Acceptresponsibility.B.Beopentotheopinionsofothers.C.Buildingleadershipskillsrequiresplentyofself-awareness.DUnexpectedchallengeswillariseoftenandatlightningspeed.E.Letgooftheneedtosticktoyourplanandbeflexibleinstead.F.Recognizingthepastcan'tbechangedhelpsyoumakewiserchoicesinthefuture.G.Sobeasourceofpositivityandsupportothersinworkingtowardtheirowngoals.【答案】16.C17.E18.D19.B20.G【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章就關于如何培養(yǎng)更好的領導技能給出幾條建議。【16題詳解】上文“Assessyourself.(評估自己。)”說明領導技能需要能夠評估自己，選項C“培養(yǎng)領導技能需要充分的自我意識?！背薪由衔?，進一步談論評估自己，需要充分的自我意識。選項中self-awareness和上文Assessyourself語義相關。故選C項?！?7題詳解】上文“Beopentotestingnewideasandtryingnewwaysofdoingthings,especiallyifitseemsyouroldwaysofdoingthingsdon’twork.(要樂于嘗試新的想法和做事的新方法，尤其是當你的舊方法行不通的時候。)”說明舊方法行不通的時候，要嘗試新的辦法，選項E“放棄堅持你的計劃的需要，相反要靈活?！背薪由衔?，否定了堅持舊方法的做法，建議靈活對待。上下文語義一致，邏輯合理。故選E項。【18題詳解】下文“Sobeingquickonyourfeetanddecisiveinhowyoudealwithproblemswillputyouaheadofthegameasaleader.(因此，在處理問題時迅速采取行動并果斷行事，將使你成為領先的領導者。)”建議行動要迅速果斷，選項D“意想不到的挑戰(zhàn)經(jīng)常會以閃電般的速度出現(xiàn)?！焙拖挛拇嬖谝蚬P系，挑戰(zhàn)往往意想不到地快速出現(xiàn)，所以，處理起來要迅速果斷。選項中atlightningspeed和下文中quick等語義相關。故選D項?！?9題詳解】下文“Youdon’thavetoagreewitheverythingsomeonesays,butyoumustbewillingtoreceivefeedbackaboutyourownperformance,aswellasopinionsonotherimportantissues.(你不必同意別人說的每件事，但你必須愿意接受對你自己表現(xiàn)的反饋，以及在其他重要問題上的意見。)”建議要接受反饋以及重要問題上的意見，選項B“接受他人的意見?！蔽挥诙问?，概括建議接受他人意見。選項中opinions和下文中opinions詞匯重疊，上下文語義一致，邏輯合理。故選B項?！?0題詳解】段首“Encourageothers.(鼓勵別人。)”上文“Stayingintheknowaboutwhatgoesoninyourcommunityisimportant,butrespondingtothatinformationwithenthusiasmisequallycritical.(了解你的社區(qū)中發(fā)生了什么很重要，但是帶著熱情回應這些信息也同樣重要。)”建議鼓勵支持別人，并說明積極回應社區(qū)發(fā)生的事情很重要，選項G“所以，做一個積極向上的人，支持別人朝著他們自己的目標努力?！焙蜕衔拇嬖谝蚬P系，且選項中supportothers和段首Encourageothers語義一致。故選G項。第三部分語言運用第一節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ihadbeenpractisingmyspeechfordays,butIwasstillstressedout.IwasinthefirstyearofmyPhD,andmy____21____publicspeakingexperienceshadnotexactlybeensuccessful.Now,IhopedIcouldgetthroughthisonewithout____22____.Whenmyturntospeakfinallycame,Ifocusedon____23____.IwouldhavetospeakfasttopresentalltheinformationIhad____24____.Fifteenminuteslater,Ifinallyrelaxed,____25____offinishingontime.Ihadno____26____whethertheaudiencehadlearnedanything.Icontinuedtoviewmy____27____thiswayuntilaboutayearlater,whenImadeapresentationtoanonscientificaudience.Their____28____madeitclearthattheyhadnotgottenthemessageIwantedto____29____.Suddenly,IrealizedthesepeopleprobablyfeltthesamewayIdidafterwatchinga_____30_____presentation:Thespeakerwasnot_____31_____withtheaudienceatall.AndIrealizedthatIdidn'twanttobethatspeaker.Iwantedtodobetter.Insteadoftryingto_____32_____theaudiencewithasmuchinformationaspossible,Ibegantocareaboutwhatpeoplewouldtakeawayfrommypresentations.I_____33_____advice,addedpictures,removedtext,wroteascript(講話稿)touseasaroadmap,and_____34_____alot.Myeffortsrapidly_____35_____.MyaudiencestartedtoappearenergizedandinterestedinwhatIwassaying,andtheirquestionsshowedthattheyhadlearnedsomething.21.A.unique B.previous C.special D.later22.A.incidents B.loss C.adjustments D.attention23.A.audience B.techniques C.time D.contents24.A.used B.planned C.expected D.forgotten25.A.afraid B.tired C.proud D.ashamed26.A.evidence B.idea C.desire D.option27.A.efforts B.discoveries C.experiences D.talks28.A.suggestions B.excitement C.approval D.questions29.A.record B.convey C.oppose D.obtain30.A.disappointing B.frightening C.wonderful D.traditional31.A.delighted B.satisfied C.connected D.bored32.A.help B.fill C.refresh D.strike33.A.ignored B.wrote C.refused D.sought34.A.practiced B.copied C.criticized D.corrected35.A.wenton B.paidoff C.endedup D.gotaround【答案】21.B22.A23.C24.B25.C26.B27.D28.D29.B30.A31.C32.B33.D34.A35.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。文章講述了自己通過不斷提高自己的演講，讓自己和聽眾心意相通，作者的努力也得到了回報；作者的聽眾開始顯得精力充沛，對作者說的話很感興趣，他們提出的問題表明他們學到了一些東西。【21題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當時我正在攻讀博士學位，我之前的演講經(jīng)歷并不是很成功。A.unique獨一無二的；B.previous先前的；C.special特殊的；D.later后來的。根據(jù)后文“Now,IhopedIcouldgetthroughthisone”可知，作者以前的演講不成功，所以希望這次能順利。故選B?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在我希望我能順利完成這次的演講，不出現(xiàn)意外。A.incidents事故，意外；B.loss損失；C.adjustments調整；D.attention第一。根據(jù)空前“Now,IhopedIcouldgetthroughthisone”可知，因為希望順利完成這次演講，所以此處表示希望不要出現(xiàn)意外。故選A。【23題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：終于輪到我發(fā)言時，我把注意力集中在時間上。A.audience觀眾；B.techniques技巧；C.time時間；D.contents內容。根據(jù)后文“Iwouldhavetospeakfasttopresentalltheinformation”可知，因為作者想要盡快表達完自己的信息，由此可知，作者發(fā)言時，注意力集中在了時間上。故選C。【24題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我得講快點把我事先計劃好的所有信息都呈現(xiàn)出來。A.used使用；B.planned計劃；C.expected期待；D.forgotten忘記。因為作者在演講，所以此處表示作者提前計劃好的信息。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：15分鐘后，我終于放松下來，為按時完成而自豪。A.afraid害怕的；B.tired疲倦的；C.proud自豪的；D.ashamed羞愧的。根據(jù)空后“finishingontime”可知，因為作者按時完成了演講，所以作者感到自豪。故選C?！?6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我不知道觀眾是否學到了什么。A.evidence證據(jù)；B.idea想法，主意；C.desire欲望；D.option選擇。根據(jù)后文“Ibegantocareaboutwhatpeoplewouldtakeawayfrommypresentations.”可知，此處表示作者不知道聽眾是否從自己的演講中學到了什么。故選B。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我繼續(xù)這樣看待我的演講，直到大約一年后，我給非科學領域的聽眾做了一次演講。A.efforts努力；B.discoveries發(fā)現(xiàn)；C.experiences經(jīng)歷；D.talks演講。根據(jù)后文“whenImadeapresentationtoanonscientificaudience.”可知，作者之后一直做演講。故選D?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的問題清楚地表明，他們沒有理解我想要傳達的信息。A.suggestions建議；B.excitement興奮，激動；C.approval同意；D.questions問題。根據(jù)文章最后一句“andtheirquestionsshowedthattheyhadlearnedsomething.”可知，因為沒有理解作者的演講，由此可知，聽眾們有了問題。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.record記錄；B.convey傳達；C.oppose反對；D.obtain獲得。因為聽眾有問題，由此可知，聽眾沒有理解作者要表達的意思。故選B。【30題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，我意識到這些人可能和我在看了一次令人失望的演講后的感受一樣，演講者根本沒有和聽眾心意相通。A.disappointing令人失望的；B.frightening令人害怕的；C.wonderful精彩的；D.traditional傳統(tǒng)的。根據(jù)后文“Iwantedtodobetter.”可知，因為作者想要做得更好，由此可知，此處指一次令人失望的演講。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.delighted開心的；B.satisfied滿意的；C.connected有聯(lián)系的；D.bored無聊的。根前文說看來一次令人失望的演講，由此可知，此處指演講者根本沒有和聽眾心意相通。故選C?！?2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不再試圖給聽眾傳遞盡可能多的信息，我開始關心人們會從我的演講中學到什么。A.help幫助；B.fill填滿；C.refresh刷新；D.strike攻擊。根據(jù)后文“withasmuchinformationaspossible”可知，空處需用動詞fill，fill…with…用……填滿，固定搭配，符合題意。故選B。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我尋求許多建議，添加圖片，刪除文字，寫一個講話稿作為指南，并多多練習。A.ignored忽視；B.wrote寫；C.refused拒絕；D.sought尋找。根據(jù)前文“Ibegantocareaboutwhatpeoplewouldtakeawayfrommypresentations.”可知，因為作者開始關心人們從自己的演講中學到什么，由此可知，此處指作者尋找建議。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意同上。A.practiced練習；B.copied復制；C.criticized批評；D.corrected糾正。根據(jù)空前“wroteascript(講話稿)touseasaroadmap”可知，此處指作者練習演講，讓聽眾從自己的演講中獲得更多。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我的努力很快得到了回報。A.wenton繼續(xù)；B.paidoff回報；C.endedup到頭來，結束；D.gotaround傳開。根據(jù)后文“MyaudiencestartedtoappearenergizedandinterestedinwhatIwassaying,andtheirquestionsshowedthattheyhadlearnedsomething.(我的聽眾開始顯得精力充沛，對我說的話很感興趣，他們提出的問題表明他們學到了一些東西)”可知，因為作者的聽眾從作者的演講中有所收獲，由此可知，作者的努力得到了回報。故選B。第二節(jié)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內單詞的正確形式。Differentkindsofbirdsbuilddifferentkindsofnests.Birdsbuildnestsinallsortsofplaces,fromonthegroundtohighupintreesandonthesidesofmountains.Somebirdsmakenests____36____floatonwaterinwetareas.Thematerialsbirdsusetobuildnestsdependonthe____37____(surround)area.Thereasonbirdsmakenestsistohavea____38____(protect)placetolaytheireggsinandtakecareofyoungbirdsaftertheyhatch.Whenbuildinganest,birdstrynottobeseen.Theydonotwant____39____(danger)animalstosee____40____theireggsare.However,ifyouwatch____41____(close),youmaybeabletoseebirdscarrying____42____(branch)andotherthingstobuildtheirnestswith.Mostbirdsnestduringthespringandearlysummerofeachyear.Theyraisetheirbabiesinquiteashorttime.Theylaytheeggs,andthenkeepthemwarmforthreetofourweeks.Aftertheyhatch,manyyoungbirdslearntoflyin____43____littleastendays.Somebirdsreturntothesamenestyearafteryearifthey____44____(raise)theiryoungsuccessfullyinitbefore.Often,thereareoldandnewnestsinthesametree.This_____45_____(confuse)animalswhicharelookingforbabybirdstoeat.【答案】36.that##which37.surrounding38.protective39.dangerous40.where41.closely42.branches43.as44.haveraised45.confuses【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了鳥巢的類型以及鳥巢的作用?！?6題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：有些鳥的巢在潮濕的地方浮在水面上。此處為定語從句修飾先行詞nests，先行詞在從句中作主語，指物，故用關系代詞that或which引導。故填that/which。【37題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：鳥類筑巢的材料取決于周圍的環(huán)境。修飾后文名詞area應用形容詞surrounding，作定語。故填surrounding?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：鳥類筑巢的原因是為了有一個保護的地方來下蛋和照顧孵化后的幼鳥。修飾后文名詞place應用形容詞protective，作定語。故填protective?！?9題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他們不想讓危險的動物看到他們的蛋在哪里。修飾后文名詞animals應用形容詞dangerous，作定語。故填dangerous?！?0題詳解】考查賓語從句。句意：他們不想讓危險的動物看到他們的蛋在哪里。空處引導賓語從句，從句中缺少表語，表示“在哪里”應用where引導。故填where?！?1題詳解】考查副詞。句意：然而，如果你仔細觀察，你可能會看到鳥類攜帶樹枝和其他東西來筑巢。修飾動詞watch，表示“仔細地”應用副詞closely，作狀語。故填closely?！?2題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：然而，如果你仔細觀察，你可能會看到鳥類攜帶樹枝和其他東西來筑巢。branch為可數(shù)名詞，此處前文沒有冠詞，表示數(shù)量大于一應用復數(shù)形式。故填branches。【43題詳解】考查固定結構。句意：許多幼鳥孵化后，在短短