【英語】50套高中英語閱讀理解及解析一、高中英語閱讀理解1．閱讀理解

Durian(榴蓮)isprobablythesmelliestfruitintheworld,lettingoutanunusualunpleasantsmellwhichwouldmakeanyonebringup.However,nobodywasawareofwhatgavethisfruititsuniquesmell,soateamofresearchersfromSingaporedecidedtotakealookatitsgenome(基因組)andfindout,

Durianiswell-knownthroughoutSoutheastAsiaasthekingoffruits,mostlybecauseofitsawfulappearanceandsmell.However,theoriginofthisunpleasantsmellwasunknown,soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds(含硫化合物),becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.

Thefruitconfuseseveryonewithasulfuricsmell,likerottenonionsandingredients.Thesmelllastslong,mostlybecausethefruitcontainsmorevolatilesulfurcompounds.Otherspeciesusuallybenefitfromtwogenecopiesatmost,butdurianhasfour,leadingtothestrikingsmell.

However,thissmellmightbeanadvantagefordurianinthewild.Althoughwefinditunpleasant,manyanimalsmightbeattractedbyit.Iftheyeatthefruit,thentheycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothedistributionofthespecies.

Themappingoftheduriangenomealsoshowedsomeotherinformationonthespecies.Firstofall,thefruithasanimpressivenumberofgenes,namely46,000.Also,withthehelpofthesegenes,theysawhowitevolved,anddiscovereditwasrelatedtothecacaotree.AlltheotherdiscoverieshavebeenpublishedinthejournalNatureGenetics.

Despitethestrikingsmell,manypeopleactuallyenjoyeatingthefruit.However,notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedamagetoourhealth,Evenso,thefruitisoftenimported,significantlycontributingtotheeconomy.（1）Whatgivedurianitsuniquesmell?A.

Onionsnearby.

B.

Twogenecopies.C.

Rotteningredientsinit.

D.

Volatilesulfurcompounds.（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”inParagraph5probablymean?A.

Developed.

B.

Escaped.

C.

Predicted.

D.

Tolerated.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.

Nobirdsenjoyeatingdurian.

B.

Duriancanbeplantedallovertheworld.C.

Someofdurianspeciescannotbeeaten.

D.

Durianhasnorelationshipwiththecacaotree.（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?A.

What'sDurian?

B.

TheInfluenceoftheSmellC.

TheDistributionofDurian

D.

TheMysteryoftheUnpleasantSmellofDurian【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，新加坡的研究者找出導(dǎo)致水果有難聞氣味的原因就是水果中含有的揮發(fā)性硫化合物非?；钴S，這種氣味對(duì)于野外生存榴蓮來說有利于吸引動(dòng)物來吃這種水果，同時(shí)傳播種子。(1)考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds(含硫化合物),becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.”可知，研究人員找到一組基因——揮發(fā)性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活躍，發(fā)現(xiàn)是它們導(dǎo)致了這種難聞的氣味。故選D。(2)考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知，研究者畫出了榴蓮的基因圖。通過基因圖，發(fā)現(xiàn)了這種水果的基因龐大，有46000條基因。在這些基因的幫助下，他們了解了榴蓮的基因如何演變的，并發(fā)現(xiàn)榴蓮與可可樹有關(guān)。A項(xiàng)develop“使進(jìn)化”，與劃線詞evolved是同義詞。故選A。(3)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedam6.agetoourhealth,”可知，并不是所有的榴蓮都是能吃的，有些榴蓮是不可以吃的。由此可推斷出選C。(4)考查主旨大意。文章說榴蓮可能是世界上最臭的水果，但沒有人知道原因。新加坡的研究者決定來查明原因。最后通過繪制的榴蓮基因圖發(fā)現(xiàn)了它難聞氣味的原因。由此可知，本文最好的題目應(yīng)該是“榴蓮難聞之謎”最為適合，故選D。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，，推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解WISHYOUWEREMORECREATIVE?

Iwanttoaskyouafavor.Ihaveapairofpants.Tellme:HowmanydifferentwayscanIputapairofpantstouse?Nowimagineyou'reanarchitect.Samequestion.Nowimagineyou'reBillGates.Ascubadiver.Amedievalknight.Youstillhavethepants.Whatalternativeusescometomind?

Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself-isanexercisethat,accordingtopsychiatristSriniPillay,MD,isessentialtobeingcreative.

Onegreatirony(諷刺)aboutourcollectiveaddictiontocreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.Thatistosay,mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptofself:Eitherwe're"creative"orwearen't,withoutmuchofamiddleground."I'mjustnotacreativeperson!"adiscouragedstudentmightsayinartclass,whileanothermightblamehertalentatpaintingforherdifficultiesinmath,makingacomment"I'mveryright-brained."

Dr.Pillay,anassistantprofessoratHarvardUniversity,hasspentyearsoverturningtheseideas.Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped(陳詞濫調(diào)的)advicethaturgesyouto"believeinyourself."Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:Believeyouaresomeoneelse.

Hepointstoastudyshowingtheimpactofstereotypeonone'sbehavior.Theauthors,psychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar,dividedtheircollegestudentsubjectsintotwogroups,instructingonegrouptothinkofthemselvesas"eccentricpoets"andtheothertoimaginetheywere"rigidlibrarians".Theresearchersthenpresentedthemallwithordinaryobjects,includingafork,acarrot,andapairofpants,andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeachone.Theformergroupcameupwiththewidestrangeofideas,whereasthelatterhadthefewest.

Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta"productofcontextandperspective".Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.

Dr.Pillay'sworktakesthisastepfurther:Hearguesthatsimplyidentifyingyourselfascreativeislesspowerfulthantakingthebrave,creativestepofimaginingyouaresomebodyelse.Thisexercise,whichhecallspsychologicalHalloweenism,referstotheconsciousactionof"wearing"anotherself.Anactormayemploythistechniquetogetintocharacter,butanyonecanuseit.AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.Mostpeoplespendnearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof"unfocus."Thisdoesn'tmakeuslazy;itmakesushuman.

Imaginingyourselfinanewsituation,oranentirelynewidentity,neverfeltsoproductive.You'remakingyourselfmorecreative,andyou'regivingyourselfpermissiontodosomethingyou'dotherwisefeelguiltyabout.（1）What'sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?A.

Toleadinthetopic.

B.

Tomakeacomparison.C.

Tostateanopinion.

D.

Toaskafavor.（2）ThestudyledbyDenisDumasandKevinDunbarproves

A.

creativityisanindividualcharacteristic

B.

librariansaremorecreativethanpoetsC.

ordinaryobjectscanimprovecreativity

D.

yourcreativityisdeterminedbyyourself（3）AccordingtoDr.Pillay,Halloweenismworksbecause

.A.

itisanactofunconsciousfocus

B.

certainbrainareasbegintoacttogetherC.

peopleareinastateoflaziness

D.

allactorsemploythistechnique（4）Ifyouwanttobemorecreative,youaresupposedto

.A.

focusonaspecifictask

B.

believeinyourowntalentC.

pretendtobesomeoneelse

D.

turntoberight-brained【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了如何讓自己更有創(chuàng)造力，給讀者展示了一種心理學(xué)理念--心理角色扮演：遇見更有創(chuàng)造力的自己。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段可知作者問讀者一條褲子可以有多少種不同的用法?并讓讀者假設(shè)自己是一名建筑師，比爾蓋茨，帶水肺的潛水員，一個(gè)中世紀(jì)的騎士等等思考同樣的問題；再根據(jù)第二段”Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself--isanexercisethat…isessentialtobeingcreative.“可知作者接著說剛才你所練習(xí)的--有意識(shí)地"穿戴"另一個(gè)自我的行為--是一種對(duì)保持創(chuàng)造力至關(guān)重要的練習(xí)。這說明作者在第一段問這些問題就是為了引出下文中的"創(chuàng)造力"話題，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第六段”Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta‘productofcontextandperspective’.Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.“可知DenisDumas和KevinDunbar的研究結(jié)果表明創(chuàng)造力不是個(gè)體特征，而是"環(huán)境和視角的產(chǎn)物"。每個(gè)人都可以有創(chuàng)造力，只要他或她覺得自己是一個(gè)有創(chuàng)造力的人。也就是說一個(gè)人的創(chuàng)造力是取決于自己的。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第七段中的”AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.“可知據(jù)皮萊博士說，心理萬圣節(jié)之所以有效，是因?yàn)樗且环N有意識(shí)的分散注意力的行為，當(dāng)你不專注于某一特定任務(wù)或思想時(shí)，大腦中一系列區(qū)域就起作用。這說明心理萬圣節(jié)有效是因?yàn)榇竽X的某些區(qū)域大腦協(xié)同工作，故選B。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped(陳詞濫調(diào)的)advicethaturgesyouto‘believeinyourself.’Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:Believeyouaresomeoneelse.“可知想象自己處在一個(gè)新的環(huán)境中，或者是一個(gè)全新的身份，你會(huì)感到從未有過的高效，你讓自己更有創(chuàng)造力。由此推斷所以要變得有創(chuàng)造力的話，要想象自己有一個(gè)全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一個(gè)人。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion(萬億)connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.

ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"A-B-B".Anotherorderwasmu-ba-ge.Thisisthepattern“A-B-C”.Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.Theyalsoweresensitivetowhereitoccurredintheorder.

Gervainisexcitedbythesefindingsbecausetheorderofsoundsisthebuildingblockofwordsandgrammar."Positioniskeytolanguage,"shesays."Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”

ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.Theycarriedoutastudyofnine-month-oldAmericanbabies.Theyexpectedthefirstgroupwho'dwatchedvideosinChinesetoshowthesamekindoflearningasthesecondgroupwhowerebroughtface-to-facewiththesamesounds.Insteadtheyfoundahugedifference.ThebabiesinthesecondgroupwereabletodistinguishbetweensimilarChinesesoundsaswellasnativelisteners.Buttheotherbabies－regardlessofwhethertheyhadwatchedthevideoorlistenedtotheaudio－learnednothing.（1）Whatmakesconnectionsinababy'sbrain?A.

HavingahigherIQ.

B.

Experiencingnewinformation.C.

Thebaby'earlyage.

D.

Theconnectionwithotherbabies.（2）WhatdidJuditGervainandherteamfindintheexperiment?A.

Babiesidentifydifferentsoundpatterns.B.

Wordorderisrelevanttomeaning.C.

Babiescanwellunderstanddifferentwords.D.

Acertainbrainregionprocesseslanguage.（3）WhatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninParagraph3?A.

Grammarisimportantinlearninglanguages.B.

Differentordershavedifferentmeanings.C.

Differentlanguageshavedifferentgrammar.D.

Wordshavedifferentsounds.（4）WhatisthemainconclusionfromthestudyledbyPatriciaKuhl?A.

Babiesshouldn'twatchalotoftelevision.B.

Listeningtodifferentlanguagesdevelopsbabies'brain.C.

Foreignlanguageshelpbabies'braindevelop.D.

Socialcommunicationimprovesbabies'braindevelopment.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文屬于科普文章，介紹小孩最初幾年的經(jīng)歷對(duì)大腦發(fā)育很重要，而媒介輸入對(duì)孩子大腦發(fā)育效果不明顯，最有效的是面對(duì)面語言輸入。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.可知，嬰兒接收到不同信息，可以讓大腦不同部分形成連接，故選B。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Theimagesshowedthatthepartofthebrainresponsibleforspeechwasmoreactiveduringthe"A-B-B"pattern.Thisshowsthatbabiescantellthedifferencebetweendifferentpatterns.可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明嬰兒可以區(qū)別不同的聲音模式，故選A。（3）句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段"Ifsomethingisatthebeginningorattheend,itmakesabigdifference:'Johncaughtthebear.'isverydifferentfrom'ThebearcaughtJohn.'”可知，有些東西放在句首和句尾，會(huì)有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一樣的，可知本句意思為位置對(duì)于語言來說很重要的，順序不同，意思不同，故選B。（4）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段ResearchersledbyscientistPatriciaKuhlhavefoundthatlanguagedeliveredbytelevisions,audiobooks,theInternet,orsmartphones－nomatterhoweducational－doesn'tappeartobeenoughforchildren'sbraindevelopment.可知，通過電視、網(wǎng)絡(luò)等媒介的語言教學(xué)，對(duì)于嬰兒大腦發(fā)展是不夠的，并且后面的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，面對(duì)面的語言輸入才有效，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和句意猜測(cè)三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

Duringthisshoppingseason,salesmenwillcomeupwithdifferentstrategiestogetyourbusiness.Manyproductcompaniesusespecificcolorstocausepositiveemotionsandcompeteforasale.However,sightisnottheonlysensory(感官的)retailthatcompaniesuse.Soundsandsmellscanalsoinfluenceconsumers'purchasingdecisions.

NobelPrize-winningresearchshowsthatoursenseofsmellhasgreatpowertocauseanemotionalresponse.AstudypublishedearlierthisyearcomparedpurchasinginaFrenchflowershopwhenthesmelloflavender(薰衣草)wasgivenoffandwhenitwasn't.Itfoundthatthesmellincreasedthenumberofconsumers'purchasingitemsandtheamountoftheirpurchases.AnearlierstudyusingNikeshoesfoundthatconsumersdesiredtheshoesmore,andwerewillingtopaymore,whentheroomhadamixedsmellofflowers.Realizingthesubconsciousimpactofsmell,manystoresapplyartificialscents(氣味)throughtheirheatingandair-conditioningvents(通風(fēng)口)orplacescentmachinesabovetheirdoors.Forinstance,acoconutscentmightmakethatbikinimoreappealingasyoulongforavacation.

Everfeltfrenziedduetoastore'sfast-pacedmusic?Orcalmedbyapieceoflightmusic?Aretailer'schoiceofmusiccanhaveabigimpactonconsumers'moods.Onestudyfoundthatwhensubjectedtoloudmusic,consumerswillspendlesstimeinastore.Butinterestingly,theresearchersdidnotfindadifferenceinsalesorcustomers'satisfaction.Anotherinterestingfindingfromarecentstudywasthatcustomersactuallyshoplongerwhenexposedtounfamiliarmusic.Justasdepartmentstoresusedifferentscentsincertaindepartments,manyusedifferentmusicinsomeareastoappealtovaryingconsumers.

Well,youcouldalwaysleavethestoreandtakeabreak,butthefoodcourtprobablyisn'tyourbestchoicesasbrandslikeCinnabonandPaneraBreadalsousescentsaspartoftheircustomers'experience.Onlineretailers(零售商)useavarietyofotherstrategiestogetyourbusiness,butyoucanalwaysneglectthoseandenjoythefamiliarscentsofhome.（1）Thepassageismainlyabout________.A.

consumers'favoritesoundsandsmellswhileshoppingB.

shoppingmalls'strategiesforsatisfyingconsumersC.

somespecialservicesfromsupershoppingmallsD.

twofactorsaffectingconsumers'shoppingdecisions（2）WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.

Decoratingstoreswithflowersbecomesafashion.B.

Shopswithspecialsmellscanattractmoreconsumers.C.

Smellscanactuallyhelpbusinessmengainmoreprofits.D.

Theproductswithakindofspecialsmellaremorepopular.（3）Howdoesmusichaveaneffectonconsumers?A.

Itcontrolsconsumers'desireforshopping.B.

Itinfluenceshowlongconsumersstayinashop.C.

Itgivesconsumersthesatisfactionofenjoyingshopping.D.

Whetherconsumersarewillingtobuythingsdependsonit.（4）Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“frenzied”inParagraph3?A.

Satisfied.

B.

Depressed.

C.

Surprised.

D.

Excited.（5）Whatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?A.

Onlineshoppingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularnowadays.B.

Peopleshouldspendmoretimeathomewithfamilymembers.C.

Peoplecanchoosetogetridofsalesmen'spromotionstrategies.D.

Smellsandsoundsareimportantforconsumers'shoppingexperience.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）B（4）D（5）C【解析】【分析】本文為說明文。這篇文章主要介紹了影響消費(fèi)者購(gòu)物決定的兩個(gè)因素。（1）主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的Soundsandsmellscanalsoinfluenceconsumers'purchasingdecisions.（聲音和氣味也會(huì)影響消費(fèi)者的購(gòu)買決定）及下文對(duì)這兩個(gè)因素的介紹可知，本文主要介紹了影響消費(fèi)者購(gòu)物決定的兩個(gè)因素。故答案選D。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的Itfoundthatthesmellincreasedthenumberofconsumers'purchasingitemsandtheamountoftheirpurchases.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這種氣味增加了消費(fèi)者購(gòu)買物品的數(shù)量和購(gòu)買量）可推知，氣味實(shí)際上可以幫助商人獲得更多的利潤(rùn)。故答案選C。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的Onestudyfoundthatwhensubjectedtoloudmusic,consumerswillspendlesstimeinastore…Anotherinterestingfindingfromarecentstudywasthatcustomersactuallyshoplongerwhenexposedtounfamiliarmusic.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)音樂音量過大時(shí)，消費(fèi)者在商店里的時(shí)間會(huì)減少……最近一項(xiàng)研究的另一個(gè)有趣發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)顧客接觸到不熟悉的音樂時(shí)，他們的購(gòu)物時(shí)間實(shí)際上更長(zhǎng)）可知，音樂會(huì)影響消費(fèi)者在商店里停留的時(shí)間。故答案選B。（4）詞義猜測(cè)題。A.Satisfied滿意的；B.Depressed沮喪的；C.Surprised吃驚的；D.Excited興奮的。根據(jù)第三段中的Orcalmedbyapieceoflightmusic?（還是聽著輕音樂平靜下來?）可知，劃線詞所在句意為“有沒有因?yàn)樯痰昀锟旃?jié)奏的音樂而感到瘋狂?”，由此推知，劃線詞意為“瘋狂的”，瘋狂是一種興奮的狀態(tài)。故答案選D。（5）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Onlineretailers(零售商)useavarietyofotherstrategiestogetyourbusiness,butyoucanalwaysneglectthoseandenjoythefamiliarscentsofhome.（網(wǎng)上零售商使用各種各樣的策略來獲得你的生意，但你可以忽略這些，享受熟悉的家的味道）可知，作者想要告訴人們，我們可以選擇擺脫銷售員的促銷策略。故答案選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語（題眼），然后以此為線索，運(yùn)用略讀及查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的：段落、語句，仔細(xì)品味，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

Alargebodyofresearchhasbeendevelopedinrecentyearstoexplainmanyaspectsofwillpower.Mostoftheresearchersexploringself-controldosowithanobviousgoalinmind:Howcanwillpowerbestrengthened?Ifwillpoweristrulyalimitedresource,astheresearchsuggests,whatcanbedonetomakeitstaystrong?

Avoidingtemptation(誘惑)isaneffectivemethodformaintainingself-control,whichiscalledthe"outofsight,outofmind"principle.Onerecentstudy,forinstance,foundofficeworkerslessattractedtocandyinthedeskdrawerthanthatontopoftheirdesks,inplainsight.

Theresearchsuggestingthatwepossessalimitedreservoirofself-controlraisesatroublingquestion.Whenwefacetoomanytemptations,arewetofail?Notnecessarily.Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown.Highmotivationmighthelpovercomeweakenedwillpower-atleasttoapoint.

Willpowermayalsobemadelessvulnerable(脆弱)tobeingexhaustedinthefirstplace.

Researcherswhostudyself-controloftendescribeitasbeinglikeamusclethatgetstiredwithheavyuse.Butthereisanotheraspecttothemusclecomparison,theysay.Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.

Theevidencefromwillpower-exhaustionstudiesalsosuggeststhatmakingalistofresolutionsonNewYear'sEveistheworstpossibleapproach.Beingexhaustedinoneareacanreducewillpowerinotherareas,soitmakesmoresensetofocusonasinglegoalatatime.Inotherwords,don'ttrytoquitsmoking,adoptahealthydietandstartanewexerciseplanatthesametime.Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,Baumeistersays,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.（1）Fromthestudiesinthepassagewelearnthat________.A.

peoplehaveunlimitedself-control

B.

highmotivationensuresone'ssuccessC.

willpowerishardlycompletelyexhausted

D.

toomanytemptationsoftenleadtofailure（2）Theunderlinedphrase"tapinto"inParagraph3mostprobablymeans________.A.

makeuseof

B.

runoutof

C.

build

D.

increase（3）Theauthorcomparesself—controltomuscles________.A.

toprovethelong-termeffectofwillpowerB.

toshowthesignificanceofregularexerciseC.

toarguethatself-controlcanheeasilyusedupD.

toexplainthebenefitsofpracticingself-control（4）Todevelopagoodhabit,whichofthefollowingdoestheauthorprefer?A.

"Iwillgiveupdessertanddoexercise."

B.

"Iwillsetthreegoalsthisnewsemester."C.

"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."

D.

"Iwillkeepmyselffromanytemptation."【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為有了明確的目標(biāo)，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí)，就可以在面對(duì)誘惑時(shí)使意志力保持堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Researchersdon'tbelievethatone'swillpowerisevercompletelyexhausted.Rather,peopleappeartoholdsomewillpowerinreserve,savedforfuturedemands.”可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會(huì)完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力幾乎沒有完全喪失。故選C。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的"Therightmotivationallowsustotapintothosereserves,allowingustocarryonevenwhenourself-controlstrengthhasbeenrundown."可知，正確的動(dòng)機(jī)使我們能夠利用這些儲(chǔ)備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進(jìn)。所以通過上下文的語境，判斷出"tapinto"指利用，與makeuseof同義。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“Whilemusclesbecomeexhaustedbyexerciseintheshortterm,theyarestrengthenedbyregularexerciseinthelongterm.Similarly,regularpracticesofself-controlmayimprovewillpowerstrength.”可知，雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會(huì)因運(yùn)動(dòng)而疲憊不堪，但長(zhǎng)期而言，它們會(huì)通過經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強(qiáng)。同樣規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力。兩者相比是為了說明同一個(gè)道理：長(zhǎng)期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Takinggoalsonebyoneisabetterapproach.Onceagoodhabitisinplace,you'llnolongerneedtodrawonyourwillpowertomaintainthebehavior.Eventuallyhealthyhabitswillbecomeroutine,andwon'trequiremakingdecisionsatall.”可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)接一個(gè)的制定目標(biāo)是一個(gè)更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。所以C項(xiàng)"IwillreadanEnglishnoveleverymonth."是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解Time:2017-01-24

From:

Editor:clover

TheheadofChina'slargestonlinesellerAlibabadoesnotthinkChinaandtheUnitedStateswillhaveatradewardespitecommentsfromtheTrumpadministration.

JackMaisthechairmanoftheAlibabaGroup.AttheWorldEconomicForummeetinginDavos,Switzerland,hesaid,"Chinaand(the)U.S.willneverhaveatradewar.GiveTrumpsometime.He'sopen-minded,he'slistening."

TheChinesebillionairesaidhewoulddoallhecouldtopreventtraderelationsbetweenthecountriesfromgettingworse.

Lastweek,MametwithTrumpattheTrumpTowerinNewYorkCity.TheChinesebillionaireissaidtohavediscussedaplantopermitonemillionsmallU.S.businessestosellgoodsonAlibaba'sonlineshoppingplatform.

Duringthecampaignandafterwinningthepresidentialelection,TrumpstronglycriticizedtheChinesegovernment'ssupportforitsbusinesses.HeblamedunfairtradepoliciesfortakingawayU.S.jobs.AndhesaidthatChinaunfairlycontrolstheexchangevalueofitscurrency,theyuan.

TrumpalsohasthreatenedtoplaceimporttaxesongoodsfromChinaandothercountriesinresponsetotheirtradepolicies.

AccordingtotheSouthChinaMorningPost,Masaid,"Americaninternationalcompaniesmademillionsandmillionsofdollarsfromglobalization."HeaddedthattheU.S.shouldnotblamethelossofjobsandcompaniesonglobalization.

However,anewstudybyanAmericanbusinessgroupsaysmanyU.S.businessesfeelunwelcomeinChina.ThecompaniessaythecostofdoingbusinessinChinaisincreasing.Theyaddthatrulesandregulationsareunclearornotenforcedinaconsistentway.

TheAmericanChamberofCommerceinChinaledthestudy,whichlookedatresponsesfrom462companies.

WilliamZaritischairmanofthechamber.HesaystradepoliciesinChinamakeitdifficultforAmericancompanies.Hesays,"wefeelthatoverthelastfewyearsthatwe'vebeentakenadvantageoftosomeextent,withouropenmarketandthelackofopenareasintheChinesemarket."

AnothermajorconcernforU.S.companiesinChinaisfakeproducts.Fakeproductsarecopiesoftheoriginalsthatcostbusinesseswiththelegalrighttosellthemmillionsofdollarseachyear.

MadefendedAlibaba'seffortstofightfakeproductsonitsshoppingplatform.Hesaidhiscompanyisdoingallitcantofighttheproblem.

"Fightingagainstfakeproductsisawaragainsthumangreediness,"Masaid.

I'mMarioRitter.（1）Theunderlinephrase“TheChinesebillionaire”refersto________.A.

Trump

B.

JackMa

C.

MarioRitter

D.

WillianZarit（2）Thetextlikelytakefromthe________.A.

economicmagazine

B.

tradespeech

C.

website

D.

globalnews（3）Aboutthispassage,themostsuitabletitleis“________”.A.

ChineseBillionaireDoesNotSeeChina-USTradeWarB.

TheAmericaninternationalcompaniesremovedmosttariffsonproductstradedbetweentheU.SandChinaC.

GroupsaysAmericanbusinessesinChinaconcernedD.

Thewaraboutfightingagainstfakeproducts【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A【解析】【分析】文章主要講述的是中國(guó)的億萬富翁阿里巴巴集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)馬云表示盡管川普政府發(fā)表了不少批評(píng)言論，但是中美之間不會(huì)爆發(fā)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。他將盡一切努力防止兩國(guó)之間的貿(mào)易關(guān)系惡化。(1)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，劃線詞提到的“TheChinesebillionaire”指JackMa，即阿里巴巴集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)馬云，故選B。(2)推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章開頭Time:2017-01-24

From:

Editor:clover及文章的時(shí)效性可知，此文來自網(wǎng)站，故選C。(3)主旨大意題。文章主要講述的是中國(guó)的億萬富翁阿里巴巴集團(tuán)董事長(zhǎng)馬云表示盡管川普政府發(fā)表了不少批評(píng)言論，但是中美之間不會(huì)爆發(fā)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。他將盡一切努力防止兩國(guó)之間的貿(mào)易關(guān)系惡化。A項(xiàng)能概括全文，故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查新聞報(bào)道類短文閱讀。7．閱讀理解

ResortsofeverykindhavesprunguptocatertotheEnglishmanneedtospendapartoftheyear,howeverbriefly,bytheseaside.NotowninBritainismorethaneightymilesfromtheseaandthereareseasideresortsallaroundthecoast.OnasummerSundaymostoftheroadsthatleadtotheseaaxecongestedwithcarsfullofpeopleeagertogetabreathofseaair.Intheevening