#Introduction（緒論）minen.礦山，礦井。v.米礦collieryn. 礦井coalmining 采煤undergroundmining地下開采surfacemining 露天開采reserven. 儲量coal-bearingadj. 含煤的highproductionandhighefficiency 高產(chǎn)高效developmentn. 開拓preparationn. 準(zhǔn)備miningmethod采煤方法subsidev.下沉，沉陷subsidencen.沉降，沉陷miningsubsidencen.開采沉陷mechanizev.使…機械化mechanizationn.機械化blindshaft暗立井drawnshaft 溜井chuten.溜煤眼aditn.平硐driftn.平硐crosscutn.聯(lián)絡(luò)巷；石門coalcrosscut 煤門entryn.平巷haulagen.運輸mainhaulageroadway主要運輸平巷mainreturn-airroadway主要回風(fēng)平巷headentry區(qū)段運輸平巷tailentry區(qū)段回風(fēng)平巷slopen.斜井risen.上山dipn.下山rockrise巖石上山coalrise煤層上山coalhaulagerise運煤上山分帶mineproductioncapacity能力(MPC) 礦井生產(chǎn)inclinedmaterialhaulageroadwayofastrip分帶mineproductioncapacity能力(MPC) 礦井生產(chǎn)inclinedmaterialhaulageroadwayofastrip分帶運料斜巷mineservicelife 礦井服務(wù)年限productionscaleofmine 井型smallmine小型礦井middlemine中型礦井largemine大型礦井hugemine特大型礦井striken.走向dipn.傾向dipangle傾角workableadj.可采的workablereserven. 可采儲量openingn.通道，開口mineopeningn. 礦山井巷passagewayn. 通道shaftn.立井roadwayn.巷道chambern.硐室mainshaft主立井a(chǎn)uxiliaryshaft 畐廿立井a(chǎn)irshaft風(fēng)井developmentroadway開拓巷道preparationroadway準(zhǔn)備巷道gateway回采巷道pitbottom井底車場shaftbottom井底車場stationn.車場，車站miningdistrictstation采區(qū)車場horizonn.階段leveln.水平haulagelevel運輸水平return-airlevel 回風(fēng)水平mininglevel 開采水平intervalbetweenlevels 階段垂高miningdistrict 采區(qū)paneln.盤區(qū)subleveln. 分段stripdistrictn. 帶區(qū)inclinedlength 斜 長strikelength 走 向長度districtsublevel 區(qū)段Chapter1BasicConceptsofMine（礦井基本概念）coalfieldn. 煤田miningarean. 礦區(qū)minefieldn. 井田dividev. 戈Ll分divisionn. 戈Ll分materialtransportingrise 運料上山return-airrise 回風(fēng)上山men-walkingrise 行人上山inclinedroadwayofastrip 分帶斜巷inclinedcoalhaulageroadwayofastrip運煤斜巷

Open-offcutn. 切眼coalfacen.采煤面workingface工作面productionn.生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量productionsystem生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)coalhaulagesystem運煤系統(tǒng)ventilationn. 通風(fēng)ventilationsystem通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)freshair新鮮風(fēng)dirtyair 乏風(fēng)，污風(fēng)refusen. 矸石materialandrefusetransportationsystem 運料排矸系統(tǒng)drainv.排水drainagesystem排水系統(tǒng)powersupplysystem（electricpower,compressedair）動力供應(yīng)（電、壓風(fēng)）communicationandmonitoringsystem 通訊、監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)drivev. 掘進excavatev.開挖，開掘hoistv. 提升winchn. 絞車Chapter2CoalMiningmethods采煤方法）stope采場miningworks/units 回采工作basicoperation基本工序breakv.破碎loadv.裝載haulv. 運輸auxiliaryoperations輔助工序roofsupport頂板支護gobtreatment采空區(qū)處理auxiliarytransportation 輔助運輸ventilation 通風(fēng)drainage排水powersupply 供電,emulsionsupply供液（乳化液）等winning/miningtechnique 采煤工藝miningsystem采煤系統(tǒng)miningroadwaylayout回采巷道布置classifyv. 分類drymining旱采wallminingsystem 壁式開采full-seammining 整層單一長壁采煤法singlelongwallminingmethod單一長壁采煤法longwallminingonstrike 走向長壁開采longwallminingoninclineii 傾向長壁開采sublevelcaving放頂煤shield掩護支架slicingmethod分層inclinedslicing 傾斜分層horizontalslicing水平分層obliqueslicing 斜切分層top-slicingsystemofsublevelcaving 水平分段放頂煤pillarminingsystem柱式開采roomandpillarminingmethod 房柱式roommethod房式hydraulicmining水采undergroundliquefaction地下液化和氣化undergroundgasification 地下液化和氣化roofcaving垮落法（自然垮落、強制放頂）packing充填法pillarsupport刀柱式nearlyhorizontalcoalseam 近水平煤層gentlyinclinedcoalseam 緩斜煤層inclinedcoalseam 傾 斜煤層steeplyinclined? 急 傾斜厚 煤層：thincoalseam薄煤層middlethickcoalseam 中厚煤層thickcoalseam厚煤層steeplyinclinedcoalseamwithanhugethickness急傾斜特厚煤層blastingminingtechnology炮采conventionallymechanizedminingtechnology 普通機械化采煤工藝fullymechanizedminingtechnology 綜合機械化采煤工藝fullymechanizedminingwithtopcoalcavingtechnology綜采放頂煤工藝continuousminer連續(xù)采煤機shuttlecarn. 梭車universalextensibleconveyor 萬向接長機boltv.打錨桿；n.錨桿miningmethod采礦方法；miningoperation采礦作業(yè)；groundcontrol頂板管理；recovery回采率；subsidencecontrol地表沉陷控制cover覆蓋層；overburden上覆地層；immediateroof直接頂；floor底板；hardness硬度；strength強度cleavage解理gas,methane瓦斯dailyoperation 日常工作singleoperation 單一工序unitoperation 單元作業(yè)auxiliaryoperation 輔助作業(yè)cuttingn. 切割，掏槽；lightingn. 照明outcrop露頭，露出地面的巖層developmentstage 開 拓階段productionstage 生 產(chǎn)階段haulagecapacity 運 輸能力mainentry 主巷barrierpillar 隔離煤柱buttentry 區(qū)段平巷shearer滾筒采煤機planer，Plow刨煤機augermining螺旋鉆開采rapidexcavation 快速掘進oceanmining海洋采礦Chapter3ConceptsofMineDevelopment 田開拓的概念)礦井地質(zhì)儲量+B礦井地質(zhì)儲量+B+C+D) 可利用礦井生產(chǎn)能力采區(qū)生產(chǎn)mineboundary井田邊界terrainn. 地形geologicalstructure地質(zhì)構(gòu)造faultn.斷層foldn.褶皺downfoldn.背斜upfoldn.向斜coalquality煤質(zhì)occurrence 賦存minegeologicalreserveusablereserves(A儲量tempraryuselessresrves 暫不能利用儲量mineindustrialreserveZg=( A+B+C)礦井工業(yè)儲量futurereserve(D) 遠(yuǎn)景儲量workablereserve開采儲量designedlostreserve 設(shè)計煤炭損失recoveryrate回采率MineProductionCapacity(MPC)coalfaceoutput采煤工作面產(chǎn)量miningdistrictproductioncapacity能力costpertoncoalproduct 噸煤成本mineservicelife 礦 井使用年限minefielddevelopment 井田開拓developmentroadway 開拓巷道developmentway開拓方式developmentsystem開拓系統(tǒng)portaltype井筒類型shaftdevelopment立井開拓combineddevelopment綜合開拓developmentroadwaylayout開拓巷道布置mainroadwayforsingleseam 分層大巷gatheringmainroadway集中大巷gateringmainroadwayforeachcoalseamgroup分組集中大巷singlelevel單水平mutiplelevel多水平preparationtype準(zhǔn)備方式risetype上山式riseanddipType上下山式combinedrisesanddip上山、上下山混合式industrialarea 工業(yè)場地mininglevel開采水平pitbottom井底車場developmentdeepening 開拓延深replacementofmininglevel 水平接替transportationfacility 運輸設(shè)備electromechanicalmineoperation 礦井機電作業(yè)capitalinvestment基本建設(shè)投資。minability可采性marketability 適銷性，可銷性coalreserve 煤礦nominal，名義上的，極小的。operatingmine生產(chǎn)礦井surfacetopography地面地形，表面地形coalfield煤田measure層組coal-bearingmeasure含煤地層aditdevelopment 平硐開拓tilledarea耕地slopedevelopment斜井開拓reservoir水庫水文地質(zhì)條件主運輸石門運輸大巷水文地質(zhì)條件主運輸石門運輸大巷采區(qū)下部車場采區(qū)中部車場采區(qū)上部車場采區(qū)煤倉采區(qū)運輸上山采區(qū)軌道上山總回風(fēng)巷回風(fēng)大巷powerline電力線，輸電線reservationn.保留地；自然保護區(qū)Chapter4MineDevelopmentWay井（田開拓方式）portal井筒expectedlifeofthemine 礦井的設(shè)計使用年限r(nóng)ailhaulage軌道運輸drift平硐shaft立井，豎井slope斜井topsoil（表土層）,quicksand（流砂層）.mainshaft主立井a(chǎn)uxiliaryshaft 畐廿立井a(chǎn)irshaft風(fēng)井transferhouse中轉(zhuǎn)煤倉headframe井架hoisthouse提升機房，絞車房skip箕斗cage罐籠cardump卸煤設(shè)備storagebin井底煤倉pressuredrop 壓降capitalcost 基建費用Powerbeltconveyor強力皮帶機centerrise中央上山surroundingrock圍巖maintenancen.維護hydro-geologicalconditionweatheredzone風(fēng)化帶foldn.褶皺faultn. 斷層Outcropn. 露頭ventilationresistance 通風(fēng)阻力combineddevelopment 綜合開拓Multiple-portalareadevelopment 多井筒分區(qū)域開拓pitbottom井底車場mainhaulagecross-cutmainhaulageroadwaydistrictbottomstationdistrictmiddlestationdistricttopstationdistrictcoalbunkerdistricthaulagerisedistricttrackrisemainreturnairwaymainreturn-airroadwayadvancingminingretreatingminingdescendingminingdownwardsminingupwardmining前進式開采后退式開采下行式下行式上行式double-trackedtrainhoistingsystem車提升系統(tǒng)Single-trackedtrainhoistingsystem車提升系統(tǒng)endlessrop無極繩提升Overheadmonorial單軌吊雙溝串單鉤串headentry 區(qū)段運輸平巷tailentry 區(qū)段回風(fēng)平巷subleveldistricthaulagecrosscut 區(qū)段運輸石門subleveldistrictreturn-aircrosscut 區(qū)段回風(fēng)石門stripn. 分帶，條帶stripstrict 帶區(qū)paneln. 盤區(qū)Chapter5DevelopmentRoadwaysLayout拓巷道布置）Chapter6Levelstation（井底車場）Sublevelslopedevelopment片盤斜井Starcase-likeAdit 階梯平硐pumpstation泵站sumpn. 水倉areadevelopment分區(qū)域開拓gasn. 瓦斯工作面周圍地層：Overlyingstrata上覆地層：Mainroof老頂，基本頂Immediateroof 直接頂Gob采空區(qū)--Face—rib（煤壁）Floor底板Chapter7DevelopmentDeepenandTechnicalRefo井i田開拓延深和技術(shù)改造）Chapter4.2Groundcont⑹Underlyingstrata下伏地層Groundcontrol頂板處理方式：(1)Caving;(2)Pack。Stable切口，機窩deadwork準(zhǔn)備工作，非生產(chǎn)性工作Mobilebeltconveyor可移式膠帶運輸機Noexception無——例夕卜regularmaintenancen.日常修理,定期檢修D(zhuǎn)owntime停工期（由于損壞、修理等原因造成的停機時間），停工時間，停機時間Clearanee 空隙Immediateareaoftheface:工作面的直接區(qū)域Ribline煤壁線，腰線heading掘進頭，平巷uptodip沿傾斜上行Compressionstrength壓縮強度Underlyingstrata下伏地層bedseparation離層Onstrike沿走向Rad=radian,弧度Cleat解理Holdtrue有效，適用Halfbuttcutting 半垂直切割A(yù)ngleofattack沖角virginconditionsHarderroofstrata原始條件；Softercoalseam uniformlydistributedstress,theoverburdenweightHarderfloorstratainducedbyminingStressdistributionDeflect偏斜，Cavein冒頂，偏轉(zhuǎn)垮落米動引起的應(yīng)力分布,撓曲，下垂Frontabutmentpressure前方支承壓力Rearabutmentpressure后方支承壓力前方支承壓力：分布范圍：150mfirstfelt/occur出現(xiàn)，有反應(yīng)，有感應(yīng)；45—60mpickupslightly略有增長，略有力口速；15—21mincreaserapidly迅速增長；1.5-5m支承壓力峰值peakabutmentpressuremagnitudeofthepeakabutmentpressure 峰值大小:1.5-5overburdernweight后方壓力：verticalpressurefacearea:farbelowthecoverloadgobarea:graduallyincreaseatlast:thecoverload范圍：0.3-0.4theoverburdenthickness.NoabutmentpressureSideabutmentFirstfelt:Atthesametimeasthefrontabutmentpressure范圍：fromtheribto1/3or1/4hlargestattheribside,decreaseexponentiallywithdistancefromribpositionofpeakpressure:0.015hMagnitudedependonthethicknessandlengthoftheimmediateroofhanginginthegob.Gobarea采空區(qū)穩(wěn)定--slip,sag,separate-- caveinFacearea 工作面區(qū)SupporttheimmediateroofSolidcoal 實體煤SideabutmentpressureChapter4.3Roofsupportsystem側(cè)向支承壓力Face-to-gobdistance控頂距，工作面到采空區(qū)的距離。Yieldpressure屈服壓力supportresistance支架阻力Face-to-tipdistance端面距Precut預(yù)切割Frames節(jié)式支架Stroke行程Chocksupport垛式支架Double-actingram雙作用千斤頂Webcut截深Shields掩護式支架Doublelink雙鍵Lemniscate雙紐線，四聯(lián)桿Roofcanopy頂梁Chock-Shield支撐掩護式支架leg，prop立柱canopy頂梁forwardcanopy前梁rearcanopy尾梁cavingshield掩護梁flipper ，spaulingshield 護幫板slider,jackboard插板ram， cylinder ，jack 千斤頂hose油管emulsion孚L化液valve閥supportyielding 支架卸載Chapter4.4Longwallcoal-gettingmachineminer,miningmachine采煤機continuousminer連續(xù)采煤機shearer滾筒采煤機motor電動機、馬達electricmotor電機haulagegearcase牽弓丨部gearhead 傳動部cutterdrumgearcase 滾筒截割部bedplate 底盤、底座controlunit控制裝置chain鏈條reducinggearbox減速箱pillboard擋煤板cowl 擋煤板bit 截齒drum滾筒ranging-arm搖臂gear齒輪track軌道geartrack齒軌gearcasen.齒輪箱Rotor轉(zhuǎn)子Chapter4.5Conveyingsystemflexibleflightconveyor/facechainconveyor工作面可彎曲刮板輸送機maincomponents主要部件drivehead機頭部electricmotor電動機Hydrauliccoupling液力聯(lián)軸器speedreducer減速器chainwheel/sprocket鏈輪driveheadframe 機頭架middlesections 中間部linepan溜槽flight/scraper 刮板linkchain刮板鏈endlesschain無極鏈機尾部tailend機尾架Driveendframe鏈輪sprocket附屬裝置auxiliarydrives/units擋煤板spillboard/spillplate（cowl 罩，殼）鏟煤板rampplate千斤頂jackchaindrive鏈?zhǔn)絺鲃樱篶lassificationaccordingtochainarrangement雙邊鏈doublestrandoutboardchain三鏈triplestrandchain單中鏈singlemiddlechain雙中鏈doublemiddlechain新型刮板輸送機側(cè)卸式side-loadingfightconveyor垂直轉(zhuǎn)彎式roller-curvefightconveyor轉(zhuǎn)載機TransferconveyorAshortheavyflexibleflightconveyor橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機（bridge）stageloader區(qū)段皮帶輸送機Maincomponents皮帶belt托輥roller支撐托輥supportingroller機架frame傳動裝置driveunit電動機electricmotor聯(lián)軸器coupling減速器speedreducer滾筒drum卸載滾筒unloadeddrum機尾導(dǎo)向滾筒tailguidedrum拉緊滾筒take-updrum機尾導(dǎo)向滾筒guidedrum外拉緊裝置take-upunits制動裝置Brakingdevices采區(qū)運輸系統(tǒng)：上山rise下山dipDipangle<15°beltconveyor15°<Dipangle<25°chainconveyorDipangle>25°ceramicconveyor水平運輸系統(tǒng)水平運輸大巷horizontalhaulageentrybeltconveyor礦車trolleywagons機車locomotive電力機車trolleylocomotive蓄電池機車batterylocomotive礦車wagon固定箱式礦車FixedboxwagonTippingbucketwagonFrontunloadingwagon底卸式礦車Bottom-dumpwagon立井提升系統(tǒng)礦井提升系統(tǒng)Minehoistsystem提升機Enginehoist鋼絲繩wirerope天輪headsheave（n.滑輪）箕斗skip輔助運輸auxiliarytransportationTransportationofmaterial,equipment,wasteandpersonnel材料、設(shè)備、矸石、人員副井AuxiliaryshaftSimilartomainshaft罐籠Cage hoistcontainer斜井SlopeIntheslope,materialandequipmentareusuallytransportedbydirectropehoistandendlessropehoist.Whilethewasteis風(fēng)機：Ventilationfan回風(fēng)井：Returnshaft進風(fēng)井：IntakeshaftWorkingfaceIntakeworking回風(fēng)巷道：Returnroadway新鮮風(fēng)：FreshairAirflow乏風(fēng)：Dirtyair回風(fēng)系統(tǒng)：抽出式通風(fēng)：Exhaustventilation負(fù)壓negativepressure壓入式通風(fēng):Forcedventilation正壓Positivepressure風(fēng)機類型：離心式風(fēng)機：Centrifugalfan軸流式風(fēng)機：Axialflowfan。通風(fēng)設(shè)施：Ventilatingstructures風(fēng)墻：Ventilationwall風(fēng)門：Airdoortransportedbyskipandtrainaccordingtothedipangle.Thepersonnelaretransportedbyaspecialman-carintheslope.水平運輸大巷horizontalhaulageentryElectriclocomotivehaulthewagonstotransportmaterial,equipment,waste.Electriclocomotivehaulthespecialman-carstotransportminers.采區(qū)上下山districtriseanddip）有極繩提升Directropehoistdipangle:8-22鋼絲繩的一端與礦車相連，通過絞車（winch）放出和收回。2）無極繩提升Endlessropehoistdipangle:<10區(qū)段運輸Tailentry:wagons+wireropeOverheadmonorail 單軌吊OverheadendlessropehoistTransferconveyor 轉(zhuǎn)載運輸機Stageloader橋式轉(zhuǎn)載機Rollercurveconveyor滾軸轉(zhuǎn)彎運輸機Chapter4.6Ventilationsystem風(fēng)橋：AirbridgeAirregulator防塵、滅塵：Dustsuppressionwaterspray灑水,mistspray噴霧固定滾筒雙向截割采煤機fixed-drumbi-directionalshearer單滾筒可調(diào)高采煤機single-drumranging-armshearer雙滾筒可調(diào)高采煤機double-dramranging-armshearer礦井瓦斯：minegas瓦斯:gas,methane,firedampAllhazardousgasesinundergroundcoalmines,itsmajorcomponentisCH4.Colorless,odorless,nonpoisonous,Combustible.Itsdensityislessthanthatoftheair,soitoftenaccumulatesneartheroof.Gas/methanecontrol瓦斯控制Gassymine高瓦斯礦井Chapter5PillarsystemTwodistinctphasesofoperationFirstroomsandpillarsaredevelopedinasection.Thesecondisminingpillars.Twobasicminingmethods:Conventionalminingmethod.普通采煤方法Cutting掏槽atthebottomofthecoalseamahorizontalslotis6-9inch,5-7feetdeepDrilling乍占眼theoptimumnumberandlocationofboreholescoalfragmentsafterblastingneithertoobignortoosmallforefficientloading.Blasting爆破explosivesareloadedintoeachboreholeanddetonatedn.起爆Loading裝煤shuttlecarsectionbeltconveyor.Twoshuttlecarsareused.roofbolting頂板錨桿支護為了充分發(fā)揮設(shè)備和人員的能力，至少同時掘進5個平行的巷道。由于生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)多、分散，逐漸被連續(xù)采煤方法取代。Continuousminingmethod.連續(xù)采煤方法continuousminer+shuttlecar連續(xù)采煤機+梭車工藝+sectionbeltconveyor +roofbolting間斷運輸工藝IIcontinuousminer+(intermediate)conveyors連續(xù)采煤機+輸送機工藝+sectionbeltconveyor +roofbolting連續(xù)的運輸工藝Pillarrecovery回收煤柱Therearethreemethodsofextractingpillars,open-endmethod,pocketandwingmethodandsplittingmethod.open-endmethod開端式pocketandwingmethod袋翼式splitting劈柱式pillarblockslifts/slices 煤柱 塊 切塊Chapter6Roadwayexcavationandsupport1Roadwaysection巷道斷面掘進drive,tunnel,excavate平巷掘進DriftingCoalproperty煤礦Area盤區(qū)Setofentries巷道群Engineervt.設(shè)計Slough脫落，剝落，碎落；崩落，坍塌，滑坍Crush壓碎Afunctionof是…的函數(shù)，隨…而變。Relativestrength相對強度Clearanee 凈空BlockofcoalRoomworkCuttingconsequence切割順序Faceminingcycle工作面開采循環(huán)Miningpractice開采Colloquial[kE5IEukwiEI]adj. 口語的,通俗的Dictate 規(guī)定，制定Outline 形成…輪廓Incorporate…as…Ample充足的，豐富的solidworkchainpillar巷道煤柱lessen減少，減輕lift 小煤塊、slice 切塊physicalconditionn.實際條件post柱子，支柱stump煤柱slab平板fender煤柱，窄煤柱handloading人工裝載commonpractice慣例concurrentlyn.同時發(fā)生地，并行地inplace就地，原地；在地層內(nèi)rideover騎馬來，跨在…上masonryn.磚石工程，磚石建筑砌筑。Masonrystopping砌筑風(fēng)墻Canvasstopping 帆布風(fēng)簾LineBrattice縱向風(fēng)障Loadingstation 裝車點巷道掘進roadwayexcavation平巷掘進n.drifting沉井，鑿井n.sinking上山掘進n.raising下山掘進n.1)Theshapeofroadwaysection斷面形狀巷道斷面形狀主要取決于地層條件、服務(wù)年限和支護材料。Theshapeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonstrataconditions，theservinglifeandsupportingmaterials.井筒Shaft,circular大巷Mainentry,arched,horseshoe上山rise,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal順槽Gateway,ladder-shaped,trapezoidal)Thesizeofroadwaysection斷面尺寸巷道斷面尺寸主要取決于巷道的用途。Thesizeofroadwaysectiondependsmainlyonitsuse.它取決于運輸或提升設(shè)備或其它設(shè)備的尺寸，還要根據(jù)通風(fēng)要求對巷道斷面尺寸加以修改。Itisdependentonhaulageorhoistingequipmentorotherdevicesused，anditismodifiedaccordingtotheventilationrequirement.凈寬，netwidth；凈高netheight；凈斷面面積netsectionarea。Roadwayexcavationinrocks巖巷掘進炮掘，爆破掘進：blastingexcavation裝巖，除渣：mucking掘進工藝包括主要作業(yè)和輔助作業(yè)，其中主要作業(yè)包括破巖、裝巖、運輸、支護，輔助作業(yè)包括通風(fēng)、鋪設(shè)軌道、挖掘排水溝、鋪設(shè)管線等等。Theexcavationtechniqueconsistsofmainoperationsincludingbreaking,loading,haulageandsupport,andauxiliaryworkincludingventilation,layingthetrack,diggingditchesandlayingpipesetc.1)Breaking破巖打眼放炮是目前應(yīng)用最廣泛的破巖方法。Drillingandblastingisthemostwidelyusedmethodofrockbreakingatpresent.(1)drillingDrilln.鉆機氣動輕型鉆機，風(fēng)鉆Air-jackleg氣腿式鉆機Air-jacklegdrill架式鉆機Drifter鉆車，鑿巖臺車Jumbo,drillcarriage濕式鉆進Wetdrilling干式鉆進Drydrilling鉆孑Lborehole(2)Blasting爆破炸藥:Explosive裝藥:Loadexplosiveintheborehole,charge起爆：detonate雷管：detonator；電雷管：electricdetonator炮眼布置方式：drillingpattern掏槽眼：cuthole輔助眼：auxiliaryhole周邊眼：trimhole頂眼：roofhole幫眼：flankhole底眼：Bottomhole起爆順序:firingsequenceCutauxiliaryroof&flankbottomThetypeofexplosiveused,rockproperties,andmethodofloadingandsequenceoffiringtheholes,affectholedepth,diameter,alignmentandspacing.采用的炸藥的類型、巖石的特性、裝巖方法、各個鉆孔的起爆順序，這些都影響著鉆孔深度、直徑、排列和間距的確定。Ablastroundconsistsofcut,relief,breast,andtrimholes.一個爆破炮眼組包括掏槽眼、輔助眼、壓眼和邊界眼。)Excavationfaceventilation 掘進面通風(fēng)Fan風(fēng)機Airpipe風(fēng)筒)loadingandhaulage裝巖和運輸鏟斗裝巖機Shovelmucker耙斗裝巖機Scrapermucker機車+礦車Locomotive+wagons)support支護Roadwayexcavationincoals煤巷掘進)conventionalexcavationofcoaldrift 傳統(tǒng)的煤層平巷掘進法Breakingisbymeansofdrillingandblasting.手持式電鉆:handheldelectricdrillloading:handloading人工裝煤scrapermucker:耙斗裝煤機coalloader:裝煤機扒抓，蟹抓2gathering-arms舌U板輸送機：1scraperconveyor)綜掘fullymechanizedexcavation(1)gatewaymachine平巷掘進機組成：掘進頭，(boom)cutterhead，cuttinghead裝煤裝置：loadingmechanism扒抓，蟹抓gathering-arm舌U板輸送機：scraperconveyorhaulage:皮帶輸送機:beltstage-loadermechanism履帶行走裝置:crawlertravelmechanism支撐千斤頂：supportingcylinders,用來固定機器othercylinders，controlcutterhead液控箱hydrauliccontrolbox操作：操作時，首先驅(qū)動履帶行走裝置，使得切削頭碰到煤壁；然后，伸長導(dǎo)向千斤頂和后部千斤頂，支撐到巷道上；這樣就固定住了掘進機。然后，切割頭在掘進面底部的一側(cè)鉆入煤壁。操作水平擺動千斤頂，使切割頭割到底部的另外一側(cè)，這就在掘進面底部完成了一刀作業(yè)。操作升降千斤頂，使切割頭向上割一定距離（切割頭的直徑），然后用相同的方法再割第二刀。執(zhí)行這個循環(huán)作業(yè)，直到割完整個斷面。平巷掘進機可以掘出任何形狀和尺寸的斷面，如圓形、馬蹄形、拱形和長方形。Gatewaymachinecanexcavateanysizeandshapeofcrosssection:circular,horseshoe,archedandrectangular.（2）