材料概論雙語(yǔ)題庫(kù)及答案

單項(xiàng)選擇題1.Whatisthemaincomponentofsteel?()A.CarbonB.SiliconC.IronD.Manganese2.Whichofthefollowingmaterialsisaceramic?()A.GlassB.PlasticC.WoodD.Rubber3.Theprocessofchangingamaterial'sshapebyapplyingforceiscalled()A.FormingB.MachiningC.CastingD.Welding4.Whichpropertydeterminesamaterial'sabilitytoresistwear?()A.HardnessB.DuctilityC.BrittlenessD.Toughness5.Whatisthemainadvantageofcompositematerials?()A.HighcostB.LightweightandhighstrengthC.DifficulttoprocessD.Lowdurability6.Metalsaregoodconductorsof()A.HeatandelectricityB.SoundC.LightD.Magnetism7.Whichofthefollowingisathermoplasticpolymer?()A.PolyethyleneB.EpoxyC.PhenolicD.Vulcanizedrubber8.Theabilityofamaterialtoabsorbenergyanddeformplasticallybeforefractureis()A.ToughnessB.HardnessC.BrittlenessD.Ductility9.Whatisthemostcommoncrystalstructureofmetals?()A.CubicB.HexagonalC.TetragonalD.Orthorhombic10.Whichmaterialiswidelyusedinelectricalwiringduetoitsgoodelectricalconductivity?()A.AluminumB.CopperC.SteelD.Brass答案:1.C2.A3.A4.A5.B6.A7.A8.A9.A10.B多項(xiàng)選擇題1.Whichofthefollowingarepropertiesofmaterials?()A.MechanicalpropertiesB.PhysicalpropertiesC.ChemicalpropertiesD.Biologicalproperties2.Commonmetalformingprocessesinclude()A.ForgingB.RollingC.ExtrusionD.Milling3.Polymerscanbeclassifiedas()A.ThermoplasticsB.ThermosetsC.ElastomersD.Fibers4.Factorsaffectingthecorrosionofmetalsare()A.EnvironmentB.MetalcompositionC.TemperatureD.Humidity5.Compositematerialsarecomposedof()A.MatrixB.ReinforcementC.AdditivesD.Lubricants6.Goodthermalinsulationmaterialsinclude()A.FiberglassB.FoamplasticsC.CeramicsD.Metals7.Methodsofheattreatmentformetalsare()A.AnnealingB.HardeningC.TemperingD.Machining8.Whichofthefollowingareceramicmaterials?()A.AluminaB.SiliconcarbideC.TungstencarbideD.Graphite9.Theadvantagesofusingplasticsinclude()A.LowcostB.LightweightC.CorrosionresistanceD.Highstrength10.Non-destructivetestingmethodsformaterialsare()A.UltrasonictestingB.X-raytestingC.MagneticparticletestingD.Visualinspection答案:1.ABC2.ABC3.ABC4.ABCD5.AB6.AB7.ABC8.ABC9.ABC10.ABCD判斷題1.Allmetalsaremagnetic.()2.Ceramicsarealwaysbrittle.()3.Polymershavehighmeltingpoints.()4.Heattreatmentcanonlyimprovethehardnessofmetals.()5.Compositesarealwaysexpensivetoproduce.()6.Metalsexpandwhenheated.()7.Glassisacrystallinematerial.()8.Ductilityistheabilityofamaterialtobedrawnintowires.()9.Allplasticsarerecyclable.()10.Thedensityofmetalsisgenerallyhigherthanthatofpolymers.(）答案:1.×2.×3.×4.×5.×6.√7.×8.√9.×10.√簡(jiǎn)答題1.Whatarethemaindifferencesbetweenmetalsandceramicsintermsofproperties?答案:金屬具有良好的導(dǎo)電性、導(dǎo)熱性、延展性,密度較大;陶瓷硬度高、耐高溫、化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性好,但脆性大、導(dǎo)電性差。2.Brieflyexplaintheconceptofcompositematerials.答案:復(fù)合材料由基體和增強(qiáng)體組成,通過(guò)合理組合發(fā)揮各組分優(yōu)點(diǎn),具有比單一材料更優(yōu)異的性能,如輕質(zhì)高強(qiáng)等。3.Howcanthestrengthofametalbeimproved?答案:可通過(guò)合金化添加其他元素,進(jìn)行適當(dāng)?shù)臒崽幚砣绱慊?、回火?以及冷加工變形等方式提高金屬?gòu)?qiáng)度。4.Whatarethecharacteristicsofpolymers?答案:質(zhì)輕,有多種成型方法,電絕緣性好,化學(xué)穩(wěn)定性多樣,部分有彈性,但強(qiáng)度和耐熱性一般不如金屬和陶瓷。討論題1.Discusstheimportanceofmaterialselectioninengineeringdesign.答案:合適材料決定產(chǎn)品性能、成本和壽命。選材料要考慮多種性能要求,如力學(xué)、物理、化學(xué)性能等,滿(mǎn)足設(shè)計(jì)功能同時(shí)兼顧經(jīng)濟(jì)性和加工性等,確保產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。2.Howtodealwiththeproblemofmaterialwasteinindustrialproduction?答案:可優(yōu)化生產(chǎn)工藝減少?gòu)U料產(chǎn)生,加強(qiáng)廢料回收利用,建立完善回收體系,提高資源利用率,研發(fā)可降解或易回收材料,從源頭和過(guò)程控制材料浪費(fèi)。3.Analyzethefuturedevelopmenttrendofcompositematerials.答案:未來(lái)復(fù)合材料將向高性能化發(fā)展,強(qiáng)度、模量等性能