(時間：25分鐘滿分：32.5分)Ⅰ.閱讀理解(共8小題，每小題2.5分，共20分)A[新選材：跨學(xué)科融合——太空探索＋生物多樣性eq\a\vs4\al(保護(hù)])Asmoreandmorespeciesnearextinction,scientistshavebeencollectingsamplesfromanimals,plantsandothercreaturesandstoringtheminbiobanksacrosstheglobe.Butclimatechange,environmentaldisastersandwarsthreatenthesemodernNoah'sarks.Now,ateamofresearchersisbrainstorminganout-of-this-worldsolution：buildingoneofthesevaults(庫)onthemoon.Abiobankinapermanentlyshadowedregionatthemoon'ssouthpolecouldbefarmorestablethanthoseonEarth.Thispartofthemoonusuallyremainsaround－196°Celsius,perfectforstoringmostanimalcellslong-term,marinebiologistMaryHagedornandcolleaguesreportinBioScience.HagedornandcolleaguesdrewinspirationfromtheSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultinNorwaywhichtakesadvantageofbelow-zeroArctictemperaturestopreservemillionsofseedsfromaroundtheworld.In2017,melting(融化)frozensoilthreatenedtofloodthevault，highlightingtheneedforabackupplan.Adifferentteamhasproposedbuildingalunararkinlava(熔巖)tubesthatrunbeneaththemoon'ssurface.Butthatdesignrequiresasolar-poweredcoolingsystem;anylossofpowerandthesampleswouldbedestroyed.Inthemoon'sforever-frozenshadowedregions,alunarvaultwouldn'tneedenergyorconstanthumanmaintenance,Hagedorn'steamsays.Giventheshadowysouthpole'slowtemperatures,Hagedornsays,avaulttherecouldstore“oneofthemostpowerfulcellsthatwehavetoday”—fibroblasts.Scientistscantransformtheseanimalcellsintostemcells.“Andthenthosestemcellscanbeusedforcloning，”shesays.ThecellscouldbevaluableforregeneratingpopulationsofthreatenedorextinctspeciesandforbuildingecosystemsinfuturehumansettlementsonthemoonorMars.Theproposalhasitsshareofbarriers.Forinstance,themoon'spermanentlydarkregionsaren'tfreefromtemperatureswings,sayslunarscientistBenjaminGreenhagenoftheJohnsHopkinsUniversity.“Theyarestillcoldbutperhapsnotalwayscoldenoughforthisprojectwithoutsomeleveloftemperaturemanagement.”[語篇解讀]本文是說明文。本文主要介紹了月球南極的低溫使其成為儲存生物樣本的理想地點(diǎn)，因此，科學(xué)家考慮在月球建立生物樣本庫，以應(yīng)對地球上的氣候變化等威脅。1．Whyisthemoonanidealplaceforthebiobank?A．It'snotaffectedbywars.B．It'snotenvironmentallypolluted.C．Ithaspropertemperatures.D．Ithasrichresourcesforresearch.C[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Abiobankinapermanentlyshadowedregion...perfectforstoringmostanimalcellslong-term”可知，月球南極永久陰影區(qū)的溫度通常保持在零下196攝氏度左右，非常適合長期儲存大多數(shù)動物細(xì)胞。由此可知，月球上適宜的溫度使其成為生物樣本庫的理想地點(diǎn)，故選C項。]2．WhatledtoHagedorn'sproposalofalunarbiobank?A．Thesolar-poweredcoolingsystem.B．Thelavatubesonthemoon'ssurface.C．TheproblemfacingtheNorwayVault.D．Thediscoveryoficeonthelunarpole.C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“HagedornandcolleaguesdrewinspirationfromtheSvalbardGlobalSeedVaultinNorway...highlightingtheneedforabackupplan”可知，Hagedorn和同事們從挪威的斯瓦爾巴全球種子庫獲得了靈感，該種子庫利用北極零下的溫度保存了來自世界各地的數(shù)百萬顆種子。2017年，融化的凍土隨時都可能淹沒種子庫，這凸顯了備用計劃的必要性。再結(jié)合第三段最后一句可知，挪威種子庫面臨的問題使Hagedorn和同事們考慮在月球上建立生物樣本庫。]3．Whatcanscientistsusefibroblaststodo?A．Formstemcellsforcloning.B．Exploremoonsoilconditions.C．Helplandhumansonthemoon.D．Improvetheeco-systemoftheearth.A[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干的“fibroblasts”可將答案定位至第四段。根據(jù)“avaultthere...transformtheseanimalcellsintostemcells.‘Andthenthosestemcellscanbeusedforcloning，’”可知，考慮到南極陰影區(qū)的低溫，那里的樣本庫可以儲存“我們今天擁有的最強(qiáng)大的細(xì)胞之一”——成纖維細(xì)胞。科學(xué)家可以將這些動物細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化為干細(xì)胞，然后這些干細(xì)胞可以用于克隆。故選A項。]4．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．LunarExploration：TheNextFrontierforCloningB．RelievingClimateChange:TheMoonBiobankProjectC．TheMoonasaBackup:ANewSolutionforSeedStorageD．BuildingBiobanksontheMoon:AProposaltoSaveBiodiversityD[標(biāo)題歸納題。文章圍繞在月球上建立生物樣本庫的提議展開，強(qiáng)調(diào)其在保護(hù)生物多樣性中的潛在價值及面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。D項“在月球上建立生物樣本庫：拯救生物多樣性的提議”適合作文章標(biāo)題。]B(2025·吉林高中畢業(yè)年級第一次模擬測試)ChinaislikelytobecomethefirstcountrytobringMartiansoilbacktoEarthinanambitiousscienceandengineeringattempt.ThenationplanstocollectMartiansamplesandthenbringthembacktoEartharound2030viaahistoricmissionnamedTianwen3.Ifeverythinggoesaccordingtoplan,thesamplescouldbecomethefirsttobereturnedtoEarthfromMars,andwillhelpscientistslookfortracesoflifeonMars,learnmoreabouttheplanet'sgeology(地質(zhì)學(xué))andinnerstructures,andunderstanditsatmosphericcycles.YangYuguang,aseniorspaceindustryobserverandvice-chairoftheInternationalAstronauticalFederation'sSpaceTransportationCommittee,saidonFridaythatnoonehaseverattemptedtobringsamplesbackfromMarsbecauseitwouldbeanextremelysophisticatedprocedure.“First,anyonewhowishestogetbackMartiansoilneedsto,inthefirstplace,taketotheplanetacraftwhichcanliftofffromtheMartiansurfacetosendsamplestoMartianorbit,andthatmeanssuchacraftmustbelargeenoughtocontainenginesandpropellants(推進(jìn)劑).”“AndlandingalargecraftsafelyontheMartiansurfacewouldbeexceptionallychallenging,consideringthefactthatlandingonMarsisfarmoredifficultthanalunarlandingduetothecomplexatmospheresurroundingMars，”hesaid.EvenifthecraftcouldlandonMarsanditcouldliftoff,Yangsaidthatanewchallengewouldfollow—howtoguideittocarryoutanaccuratemeetinganddockingwiththeorbiter(軌道飛行器)flyingaroundtheplanettowaitforsamples.“Inourlunarsample-returnmissions,themostcomplicatedpartwasthein-orbitmeetinganddockingbetweenthesample-carryingcraftandtheorbiter,andthatoperationatleasthadEarth-basedtelemetry(遙控技術(shù))andothertypesoftechnicalsupport.Bycomparison,therewillbevirtuallynotechnicalassistanceinthesameprocesstakingplaceinMartianorbitduetotheverylongdistance，”theexpertexplained.[語篇解讀]本文是說明文。文章介紹了中國計劃通過天問三號任務(wù)在2030年前后將火星土壤樣本帶回地球。這將是首次實現(xiàn)從火星帶回土壤樣本，能夠幫助科學(xué)家研究火星生命跡象、地質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)和大氣循環(huán)。文章還解釋了這一任務(wù)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。5．WhatdoweknowabouttheMartianmissionnamedTianwen3?A．ItisthethirdspacemissionofChina.B．ItsmaingoalistobringMartiansoilbacktoEarth.C．ThesamplescanhelprevealtheEarth'sgeology.D．NocountrywillbringsamplesbackfromMarsbeforeit.B[細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干將答案定位在第一段。根據(jù)第一段“Chinaislikely...tobringMartiansoilbacktoEarth...ThenationplanstocollectMartiansamples...Tianwen3”可知，天問三號的主要任務(wù)是收集火星土壤樣本，并將其帶回地球。故選B項。]6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sophisticated”meaninParagraph3?A．Experienced. B．Threatening.C．Astonishing. D．Complicated.D[詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“noonehaseverattemptedtobringsamplesbackfromMars”可知，到目前為止沒有任何人試圖把火星土壤樣本帶回地球。第四段的“thatmeanssuchacraftmustbelargeenoughtocontainenginesandpropellants(推進(jìn)劑)”提出了這一任務(wù)面臨的第一個問題，即飛行器必須要足夠大能裝得下發(fā)動機(jī)和推進(jìn)劑。第五段的“l(fā)andingalargecraftsafelyontheMartiansurfacewouldbeexceptionallychallenging”介紹了讓一個巨大的飛行器在火星表面安全著陸非常具有挑戰(zhàn)性。這是面臨的第二個問題。再根據(jù)第六段的“anewchallengewouldfollow...anaccuratemeetinganddockingwiththeorbiter(軌道飛行器)flyingaroundtheplanettowaitforsamples”可知，即使飛行器能在火星表面安全著陸和起飛，這一任務(wù)還面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)——如何引導(dǎo)它與軌道飛行器進(jìn)行精確的交會。由此可知，從火星帶回土壤樣本是一個復(fù)雜的過程，畫線詞意為“復(fù)雜的”，complicated與其意思接近。故選D項。]7．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingaboutthemissionistrue?A．AlargecraftisneededtosendsamplestoEarth.B．SafelandingonMarsisdifficultduetolackofair.C．Thein-orbitmeetinganddockingisthemostchallengingpart.D．Technicalsupportisavailabletoreduceitsdifficulty.C[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段的“Inourlunarsample-returnmissions,themostcomplicatedpartwas...inthesameprocesstakingplaceinMartianorbitduetotheverylongdistance”可知，在月壤取樣的任務(wù)中，最復(fù)雜的部分是攜帶樣本的飛行器與軌道飛行器的在軌交會。而且這樣的操作至少有地面的遙控技術(shù)和其他的技術(shù)支持。相比之下，由于距離太遠(yuǎn)，在火星軌道上進(jìn)行同樣的過程幾乎沒有技術(shù)援助。由此可推知，在火星上取樣最具有挑戰(zhàn)性的部分是在軌交會。故選C項。]8．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ChinaPlansMissiontoBringMartianSoiltoEarthB．ChinaBroughtSamplesBackviaaHistoricMission“Tianwen3”C．TheComplexityofBringingMartianSamplesBacktoEarthD．TheTechnicalSupportTakingPlaceinMartianOrbitA[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了中國計劃通過天問三號任務(wù)在2030年前后將火星土壤樣本帶回地球。A項“中國計劃將火星土壤帶回地球”；B項“中國通過歷史上重要的任務(wù)‘天問三號’帶回了樣本”；C項“將火星上的樣本帶回地球的復(fù)雜性”；D項“火星軌道上的技術(shù)支持”。故選A項。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(共5小題，每小題2.5分，共12.5分)(2025·福州市高三年級第一次質(zhì)量檢測)Weareallcreaturesofhabit.Wetendtowakeupatthesametimeeachday,brushourteeth,havemorningcoffeeandtraveltowork,followingthesamepatternseveryday.1()Behavioralscientistswhostudyhabitformationsaythatmanyofustrytocreatehealthyhabitsinthewrongway.2()Herearetwotips,backedbyresearch,forformingnewhealthyhabits.3()Formanyofus,ourmorningroutineisthestrongest,sothat'sagreatplacetobuildanewhabit.Whilebrushingyourteeth,youmightstandononefoottopracticebalance.Manyofusfallintoend-of-the-daypatternsaswell.DoyoutendtosinkintothesofaafterworkandturnontheTV?Thatmightbeagoodtimetodoasingledailyyogapose.4()WendyWood，aresearchpsychologist,callstheforcesthatgetinthewayofgoodhabits“friction”.Inonestudy,researcherschangedtheturningofliftdoorssothatworkershadtowaitnearlyhalfaminuteforthedoorstoclose.5()Manypeoplewerethereforeconvincedthattakingthestairswaseasierthanwaitingforthelift.Itshowshowsensitivewearetosmallfrictioninourenvironment.Justslowingdowntheliftgotpeopletotakethestairs,andtheystuckwithitevenaftertheliftwentbacktonormaltiming.A．Itwasjustenoughofadelay.B．Whydowestopdoingwhat'sgoodforus?C．Butwhyisitsohardtoformnewhealthyhabits?D．Weprobablyf