英語四級閱讀題庫含答案解析

One

GlobaIwarmingmayormaynotbethegreatenvironmentaIcrisisofthe21"century,

butregardlessofwhetheritisorisn't-wewon'tdomuchaboutit.Wewillargue

overitandmayeven,asanation,makesomefairlysolemn-soundingcommitmentstoavoid

it.ButthemoredramaticandmeaningfuIthesecommitmentsseem,theIessIikeIythey

aretobeobserved.

AlGorecallsglobaIwarminganuinconvenienttruth,,5asifmerelyrecognizingit

couldputusonapathtoasoIution.ButthereaItruthisthatwedon,tknowenough

toreIievegIobaIwarming,and-withoutmajortechnologicalbreakthroughs-wecan,t

domuchaboutit.

From2003to2050,theworld'spopuIationisprojectedtogrowfrombillionto

billion,a42%increase.IfenergyuseperpersonandtechnoIogyremainthesame,totaI

energyuseandgreenhousegasemissions(mainly,C02)wiIIbe42%higherin2050.but

that*stooIow,becausesocietiesthatgrowricherusemoreenergy.Weneedeconomic

growthunIesswecondemntheworld'spoortotheirpresentpovertyandfreezeeveryone

eIse'sIivingstandards.Withmodestgrowth,energyuseandgreenhouseemissionsmore

thandoubleby2050.

NogovernmentwiIIadoptrigidrestrictionsoneconomicgrowthandpersonaIfreedom

(IimitsoneIectricityusage,drivingandtraveI)thatmightcutbackgIobaIwarming.

Still,poIiticianswanttoshowthey,reudoingsomething.nConsidertheKyotoProtocol

(京都議定書).11aIIowedcountriesthatjoinedtopunishthosethatdidnt.Butithasn,

treducedC02emissions(upabout25%sinee1990),andmanysignatories(簽字國)didn,

tadopttoughenoughpoIiciestohittheir2008-2012targets.

ThepracticaIconclusionisthatifglobaIwarmingisapotentiaIdisaster,theonIy

soIutionisnewtechnoIogy.OnIyanaggressiveresearchanddeveIopmentprogrammight

findwaysofbreakingdependenceonfossiIfueIsordeaIingwithit.

ThetroubIewiththeglobalwarmingdebateisthatithasbecomeamoraIproblemwhen

it'sreaIIyanengineeringone.Theinconvenienttruthisthatifwedon'tsoIvethe

engineeringprobIem,we'reheIpIess.

57.WhatissaidaboutgIobaIwarminginthefirstparagraph

A)ItmaynotproveanenvironmentalcrisisC)Seriousstepshavebeentakentoavoid

atall.orstopit.

B)ItisanissuerequiringworIdwideD)Verylittlewillbedonetobringit

commitments.undercontroI.

58.Accordingtotheauthorsunderstanding,whatisAlGoresviewonglobaIwarming

A)ItisareaIitybothpeopIeandpoliticiansareunawareof.

B)Itisaphenomenonthatcausesusmanyinconveniences.

C)Itisaproblemthatcanbesolvedonceitisrecognized.

D)ItisanareaweactuaIlyhaveIittIeknowledgeabout.

59.GreenhouseemissionswiIImorethandoubIeby2050becauseof.

A)economicgrowthC)wastefuIuseofenergy

B)thewideninggapbetweentherichandD)therapidadvancesofscienceand

poortechnology

60.TheauthorbeIievesthat,sineethesigningoftheKyotoProtocoI,

A)politicianshavestartedtodosomethingtobetterthesituation

B)fewnationshaveadoptedreaItoughmeasurestoIimitenergyuse

C)reductionsinenergyconsumptionhavegreatIycutbackgIobaIwarming

D)internationalcooperationhascontributedtosolvingenvironmentaIproblems

61.Whatisthemessagetheauthorintendstoconvey

A)GlobaIwarmingismoreofamoraIissuethanapracticaIone.

B)TheultimatesolutiontoglobaIwarmingIiesinnewtechnoIogy

C)ThedebateoverglobaIwarmingwiIIleadtotechnoIogicaIbreakthroughs.

D)PeopIehavetogiveupcertainmateriaIcomfortstostopgIobaIwarming.

PassageTwo

SomedayastrangerwiIIreadyoure-maiIwithoutyourpermissionorscantheWebsites

you'vevisited.OrperhapssomeonewiIIcasuaIIygIancethroughyourcreditcardpurchase

orceIIphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.

Infact,it'sIikeIysomeofthesethingshaveaIreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowould

watchyouwithoutyourpermissionItmightbeaspouse,agirIfriend,amarketingcompany,

aboss,acoporacriminal.Whoeveritis,theywiIIseeyouinawayyouneverintended

tobeseen-the21"centuryequivaIentofbeingcaughtnaked.

PsychologiststelIusboundariesarehealthy,thatit'simportanttorevealyourseIf

tofriends,famiIyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Butfewboundariesremain.

Thedigitalbreadcrumbs（碎屑）youIeaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangersto

reconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGoogle

searchcanreveaIwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasingIyweIiveinaworIdwhere

yousimplecannotkeepasecret.

Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter

WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedabout

losingit.Asurveyfoundanoverwhelmingpessimismaboutprivacy,with60percentof

respondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyisuslippingaway,andthatbothersme.”

ButpeopIesayonethinganddoanother.OnIyatinyfractionofAmericanschangeany

behaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.FewpeopIeturndownadiscountat

to/1booths（收費(fèi)站）toavoidusingtheEZ-PasssystemthatcantrackautomobiIemovements.

Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquistihas

runaseriesofteststhatreveaIpeopIewiIIsurrencerpersonaIinformationIikeSociaI

Securitynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50-cents-offcoupon（優(yōu)惠券）.

Butprivacydoesmatter-atIeastsometimes.It'sIikeheaIth:Whenyouhaveit,

youdon5tnoticeit.Onlywhenit'sgonedoyouwishyou5ddonemoretoprotectit.

62.Whatdoestheauthormeanbysayinguthe21centuryequivaIentofbeingcaughtnaked”

(Lines3-4,

A)PeopIespersonaIinformationiseasiIyaccessedwithouttheirknowledge.

B)Inthe21stcenturypeopletryeverymeanstoIookintoothers'secrets.

C)PeopIetendtobemorefrankwitheachotherintheinformationage.

D)CriminalsareeasiIycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology.

63.WhatwouIdpsychoIogistsadviseonthereIationshipsbetweenfriends

A)FriendsshouIdopentheirheartstoeachC)ThereshouIdbeadistanceevenbetween

other.friends.

B)FriendsshouldalwaysbefaithfuItoD)Thereshouldbefewerdisputesbetween

eachother.friends.

64.Whydoestheauthorsay“weIiveinaworIdwhereyousimplecannotkeepasecret

(Line5,

A)Modernsocietyhasfinallyevolvedintoanopensociety.

B)PeopIeIeavetracesaroundwhenusingmoderntechnology.

C)TherearealwayspeopIewhoarecuriousaboutothers*affairs.

D)ManysearchenginesprofitbyreveaIingpeople1sidentities.

65.WhatdomostAmericansdowithregardtoprivacyprotection

A)Theychangebehaviorsthatmightdisclosetheiridentity.

B)Theyusevariousloyaltycardsforbusinesstransactions.

C)TheyreIymoreandmoreoneIectronicD)TheytaIkaIotbuthardIydoanything

devices.aboutit.

66.Accordingtothepassage,privacyisIikeheaIthinthat

A)peopIewiIImakeeveryefforttokeepit

B)itsimportanceisrareIyunderstood

C)itissomethingthatcaneasiIybeIost

D)peopIedon,tcherishituntiItheylose

it

Oneanythingabouthissmoker5scoughfora

Questions57to61arebasedontheyear.

followingpassage.“WhenIfinalIysawhimithadaIready

IfyouareamaIeandyouarereadingspreadandhehassineediedfromIung

this,congratulations:youareacancer'5hesays,“Earlierdetectionand

survivor.Accordingtostatistics.youaretreatmentmaynothavecuredhim,butit

morethantwiceasIikeIytodieofskinwouIdhaveproIongedthislife”

cancerthanawoman,andninetimesmoreAccordingtoarecentsurvey,95%of

IikelytodieofAIDS.Assumingyoumakeitwomenagedbetween15andearly40sseea

totheendofyournaturaIterm,about78doctoronceayear,comparedto70%ofmen

yearsformeninAustraIia,youwiIIdieoninthesameagegroup.

averagefiveyearsbeforeawoman.“AIotofmenthinktheyareinvincible

Therearemanyreasonsfor（不可戰(zhàn)勝的）"GuIlottasaysuTheyonly

this-typicaIIy,mentakemorerisksthancomeinwhenafrienddropsdeadonthegoIf

womanandaremoreIikeIytodrinkandsmokecourseandtheythinknGeez,ifitcouId

butperhapsmoreimportantIy,mendon,tgohappentohim.

tothedoctor.Thenthereistheostrichapproach,5,

“Menaren5tseeingdoctorsasoftenassomemenarescaredofwhatmightbethere

theyshould,“saysDr.Gu11otta,“ThisandwouIdrathernotknow,“saysDr.Ross

isparticuIarIysofortheover-40s,whenCartmiII.

diseasestendtostrike.”“Mostmengettheircarsservicedmore

GullottasaysahealthymanshouIdreguIarIythantheyservicetheirbodies,“

visitthedoctoreveryyearortwo.ForCartmiIIsays.HebeIievesmostdiseases

thoseover45,itshouldbeatIeastonceathatcommonIyaffectmencouIdbeaddressed

year.bypreventivecheck-ups.

TwomonthsagoGuIlottasawaReguIarcheck-upsformenwould

50-year-oIdmawhohaddeIayeddoinginevitabIypIacestrainonthepubIicpurse,

CartmiIIsays.nButpreventionischeaperA.itcouldhappentome,too

intheIongrunthanhavingtotreattheB.Ishouldavoidplayinggolf

diseases.Besides,theu11imatecostisfarC.IshouIdconsidermyseIfIucky

greater:itiscalledprematuredeath.5,D.itwouldbeabigmisfortune

doestheauthorcongratulatehismaIe60whatdoesDr.RossCartmiIImeanby”the

readersatthebeginningofthepassageostrichapproach”(lineq

A.TheyaremoreIikeIytosurviveseriousA.acasuaIattitudetowardsone'sheaIth

diseasestoday.conditions

B.TheiraverageIifespanhasbeenB.anewtherapyforcertainpsychological

considerablyextended.problems

C.TheyhaveIivedIongenoughtoreadthisC.refusaItogetmedicaltreatmentfor

articIe.fearofthepaininvoIved

D.TheyaresuretoenjoyalongerandD.unwiIIingnesstofindoutaboutone's

happierIive.diseasebecauseoffear

doestheauthorstateisthemost61.WhatdoesCartmiIIsayaboutreguIar

importantreasonmendiefiveyearsearIiercheck-upsformen

onaveragethanwomenmayincreasepubIicexpenses

A.mendrinkandsmokemuchmorethanwomenwiIIsavemoneyintheIongrun

B.mendon'tseekmedicaIcareasoftenasmaycausepsychoIogicaIstrainsonmen

womenwiIIenabIementoIiveaslongaswomen

C.menaren5tascautionsaswomeninfacePassageTwo

ofdangerQuestions62to66arebasedonthe

D.menaremoreIikeIytosufferfromfataIfollowingpassage.

diseasesHigh-qualitycustomerserviceis

59.Whichofthefollowingbestcompletespreached(宣揚(yáng))bymany,butactuaIIy

thesentence"Geez,ifitcouldhappentokeepingcustomershappyiseasiersaidthan

h(Iine2,para,8)done

ShoppersseIdomcomplaintotheThemostcommoncompIaintsincIude

managerorownerofaretaiIstore,butfilledparkinglots,cluttered（塞滿了的）

insteadwiIIaIerttheirfriends,sheIves,overIoadedracks,out-of-stock

reIatives,co-workers,strangers-anditems,Iongcheck-outIines,andrude

anyonewhowiIIIisten.salespeople.

StoremanagersareoftentheIasttoDuringpeakshoppinghours,some

hearcompIaints,andoftenfindoutonIyretaiIerssoIvedtheparkingprobIemsby

whentheirreguIarcustomersdecidetgettingmoonIighting（業(yè)余兼職的）local

frequenttheircompetitors,accordingtoapoIicetoworkasparkingattendants.Some

studyjointlyconductedbyVerdegroupandhiredflagwaverstodirectcustomersto

WhartonschooIemptyparkingspaces.Thisguidance

StoryteIIinghurtsretaiIersandeIiminatedtheneedforcustomerstocircIe

entertainsconsumers,“saidPauIatheparkinglotendlessly,andavoided

Courtney,PresidentoftheVerdegroup.nconfrontationbetweenthoseeyeingthe

thestorelosesthecustomer,butthesameparkingspace.

shoppermustaIsofindarepIacement.nRetaiIerscanreIievetheheadachesby

Onaverage,everyunhappycustomerredesigningstoreIayouts,pre-stocking

wiIIcomplaintoatleastfourother,andsalesitems,hiringspeedyandexperienced

willnoIongervisitthespecificstoreforcashiers,andhavingsaIesrepresentatives

everydissatisfiedcustomer,astorewiIIonhandtoanswerquestions.

IoseuptothreemoreduetonegativeMostimportantIy,saIespeopIeshouId

reviews.Theresu11ingusnowbaIIeffect”bedipIomaticandpolitewithangry

canbedisastroustoretailers.customers.

Accordingtotheresearch,shoppers“Retailerswho5reresponsiveand

whopurchasedcIothingencounteredthefriendlyaremoreIikeIytosmoothover

mostprobIems.rankedsecondandthirdwereissuesthanthosewhoarenJtsofriendIy.”

groceryandeIectronicscustomers.saidProfessorStephenHoch."Maybe

somethingassimpleasagreeterattheDNotcompIainingtothemanagercausesthe

storeentrancewouldhelp.91shoppersometroubIetoo.

CustomerscanaIsoimprovefuture64.ShopownersoftenhiremoonIighting

shoppingexperiencesbyfilingcompIaintspoliceasparkingattendantssothat

totheretaiIer,insteadofcompIainingtoshoppers

therestoftheworId.RetaiIersareAcanstayIongerbrowsinginthestore

hard-pressedtoimprovewhentheyhavenoBwon'thavetroubIeparkingtheircars

ideawhatiswrong.Cwon'thaveanyworriesaboutsecurity

注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答DcanfindtheircarseasiIyaftershopping

62.Whyarestoremanagersoftenthelast65.Whatcontributesmosttosmoothingover

tohearcompIaintsissueswithcustomers

AMostcustomerswon'tbothertocomplainAMannersofthesaIespeopIe

eveniftheyhavehadunhappyexperiences.BHiringofefficientemployees

BCustomerswouldratherreIatetheirCHugesuppIyofgoodsforsale

unhappyexperiencestopeoplearoundthem.DDesignofthestoreIayout.

CFewcustomersbeIievetheservicewiIIbe66.Toachievebettershoppingexperiences,

improved.customersareadvisedto.

DCustomershavenoeasyaccesstostoreAexertpressureonstorestoimprovetheir

managers.service

63.WhatdoesPauIaCourtneyimplybyBsettletheirdisputeswithstoresina

saying"theshoppermustaIsofindadipIomaticway

replacement”(Line2,Para.4)Cvoicetheirdissatisfactiontostore

ANewcustomersareboundtorepIaceoldmanagersdirectly

ones.Dshoparoundandmakecomparisonsbetween

BItisnotIikeIytheshoppercanfindthestores

sameproductsinotherstores.

CMoststoresprovidethesame

3.TheJanuaryfashionshow,calledFutureFashion,exempIifiedhow

fargreendesignhascome.OrganizedbytheNewYork-basednonprofitEarth

Pledge,theshowinspiredmanytopdesignerstoworkwithsustainable

fabricsforthefirsttime.SeveraIhavesincemadepIedgestoinclude

organicfabricsintheirIines.

ThedesignerswhoundertakegreenfashionstillfacemanychaIIenges.

ScottHahn,cofounderwithGregoryofRoganandLoomstate,whichuses

aII-organiccotton,sayshigh-quaIitysustainabIemateriaIscanstillbe

toughtofine."MostdesignerswithexistingIabeIsarefindingthere

aren1tcomparabIefabricsthatcanjustrepIacewhatyou'redoingand

shatyourcustomersareusedto,15hesays.ForexampIe,organiccotton

andnon-organiccottonarevirtuaIIyindistinguishabIeoncewoveninto

adress.ButsomepopuIarsynthetics,Iikestretchnylon,stillhavefew

eco-friendlyequivalents.

Thosewhodomaketheswitcharefindingtheyhavemoresupport.Last

yeartheinfIuentiaItradeshowDesigners&Agentsstoppedchargingits

participationfeeforyounggreenentrepreneurswhoattendits

twospringtimeshowsinLosAngeIesandNewYorkandgavespeciaI

recognitiontodesignerswhosecollectionsareatIeast25%sustainable.

Itnowcountsmorethan50greendesigners,upfromfewerthanadozen

twoyearsago.ThisweekWal-Martissettoannounceamajorinitiative

aimedathelpingcottonfarmersgoorganic:itwiIIbuytransitionaK^i

渡型的）cottonathigherprices,thushelpingtoexpandthesupplyof

akeysustainabIemateriaI.uMainstreamisabouttooccur,nsaysHahn.

Some勿（分析師）areIesssure.Amongconsumers,onIy18%are

evenawarethatecofashionexists,upfrom6%fouryearsago.NataIie

HormiIIa,afashionwriter,isanexampIeoftheunconvertedconsumer,

whenaskedifsheownedanysustainabIecIothes,sherepIied:"Notthat

I*mawareof.,JLikemostconsumers,shefindsIittIetimetoshop,and

whenshedoes,she5sonthehuntfor“cutestuffthatisn*ttooexpensive.

Byherownadmission,greenjustisnJtyetonhermind.But-thanksto

thecombinedeffortsofdesigners,retailersandsuppliers-onedayit

wiIIbe.

57.WhatissaidaboutFutureFashion

A)ItinspiredmanyIeadingdesignerstostartgoinggreen.

B)Itshowedthatdesignersusingorganicfabricswouldgofar.

C)ItservedasanexampIeofhowfashionshowsshouIdbeorganized.

D)11convineedthepubIicthatfashionabIecIothesshouIdbemade

durabIe.

58.AccordingtoScottHahn,onebigchaIIengetodesignerswhowillgo

organicisthat.

A)muchmoretimeisneededtofinishadressusingsustainabIe

materiaIs.

B)theyhavetocreatenewbrandsforclothesmadeoforganic

materiaIs.

C)customershavedifficultytellingorganicfromnon-organic

materiaIs.

D)quaIityorganicrepIacementsforsyntheticsarenotreadiIy

avaiIabIe.

59.WeIearnfromParagraph3thatdesignerswhoundertakegreen

fashion.

A)canattendvarioustradeshowsfree.

B)arereadiIyrecognizedbythefashionworId

C)canbuyorganiccottonatfavorabIeprices.

D)aregainingmoreandmoresupport.

60.WhatisNataIieHormiIIasattitudetowardecofashion

A)Shedoesn5tseemtocareaboutit.C)SheisdoubtfuIofits

practicaIvaIue.

B)Shedoesn5tthinkitissustainableD)Sheisverymuchopposed

totheidea

61.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofgreenfashion

A)GreenproductswiIIsoongomainstream.

B)Ithasaverypromisingfuture.

C)Consumershavethefinalsay.

D)ItwillappeaImoretoyoungpeople.

PassageTwo

Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

ScientistshavedevisedawaytodetermineroughIywhereapersonhas

Iivedusingastrand(縷)ofhair,atechniquethatcouldheIptrackthe

movementsofcriminalsuspectsorunidentifiedmurdervictims.

ThemethodreliesonmeasuringhowchemicaIvariationsindrinking

watershowupinpeople'shair.

“You'rewhatyoueatanddrink,andthat'srecordedinyouhair,“

saidThureCerIing,ageologistattheUniversityofUtah.

WhiledietisrelativelyidenticaI,watersuppIiesvary.The

differencesresu11fromweatherpatterns.ThechemicaIcompositionof

rainfaIIchangessiightlyasraidcloudsmove.

Mosthydrogenandoxygenatomsinwaterarestable,buttracesof

bothelementsarealsopresentasheavier/sotopes（同位素）.Theheaviest

raidfallsfirst.Asaresult,stormsthatformoverthePacificdeIiver

heavierwatertoCaIiforniathantoUtah.

Similarpatternsexistthroughoutthe.Bymeasuringtheproportion

ofheavierhydrogenandoxygenisotopesalongastrandofhair,scientists

canconstructageographictimeIine.Eachinchofhaircorrespondsto

abouttwomonths.

CerIing'steamcollectedtapwatersampIesfrom600citiesand

constructedamopoftheregionaIdifferences.Theycheckedtheaccuracy

ofthemapbytesting200hairsampIescollectedfrom65barbershops.

TheywereabIetoaccurateIypIacethehairsampIesinbroadregions

roughIycorrespondingtothemovementofraidsystems.

"It'snotgoodforpinpointing（精確定位），“Cerlingsaid,"It'

sgoodforeIiminatingmanypossibiIities.n

ToddPark,aIocaIdetective,saidthemethodhasheIpedhimIearn

moreaboutanunidentifiedwomanwhoseskeIetonwasfoundnearGreatSa11

Lake.

Thewomanwas5feettall.Policerecovered26bones,aT-shirtand

severaIstrandsofhair.

WhenParkheardabouttheresearch,hegavethehairsamplestothe

researchers.ChemicaItestingshowedthatoverthetwoyearsbeforeher

death,shemovedabouteverytwomonths.

ShestayedintheNorthwest,althoughthetestcouldnotbemore

specificthansomewherebetweeneasternOregonandwesternWyoming.

"It'sstiIIasubstantialarea,nParksaiduButitnarrowsitway

downforme.ft

62.Whatisthescientists'newdiscovery

A)One'shairgrowthhastodowiththeamountofwatertheydrink.

B)Aperson*shairmayreveaIwheretheyhaveIived.

C)HairanalysisaccurateIyidentifiescriminalsuspects.

D)ThechemicaIcompositionofhairvariesfrompersontoperson.

63.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“You'rewhatyoueatanddrinkn(Line

1,

A)FoodanddrinkaffectonespersonaIitydevelopment.

B)FoodanddrinkpreferencesvarywithindividuaIs.

C)Foodanddrinkleavetracesinonesbodytissues.

D)FoodanddrinkareindispensabIetoonesexistence.

64.WhatissaidabouttherainfaIIinAmericasWest

A)ThereismuchmorerainfaIIinCaIiforniathaninUtah.

B)ThewateritdeIiversbecomesIighterwhenitmovesinIand.

C)ItschemicaIcompositionisIessstabIethaninotherareas.

D)ItgathersmoreIightisotopesasitmoveseastward.

65.WhatdidCerIing5steamproduceintheirresearch

A)AmapshowingtheregionaIdifferencesoftapwater.

B)AcoIIectionofhairsampIesfromvariou