2025年高考英語真題完全解讀（全國一卷）適用省份山東、湖北、江蘇、河北、廣東、湖南、福建、浙江、河南、江西、安徽段落話題輪數(shù)詞數(shù)用時語速Text1旅客申報行李丟失381.515″152詞/分Text2討論畢業(yè)后計劃381.515″152詞/分Text3搬家421.516″157詞/分Text4初次滑雪體驗32214″137詞/分Text5去劇院的路上28115″112詞/分Text6學校區(qū)域超速71331″137詞/分Text7偶遇熟人并邀請聚餐1224.554″136詞/分Text8探討電視節(jié)目的娛樂性和教育性1233.555″134詞/分Text9學校服務項目介紹1805.51′21″133詞/分Text10通過藝術(shù)項目傳播氣候變化信息173/1′17″135詞/分語篇話題體裁詞數(shù)難度閱讀理解A人與自然：交通領(lǐng)域的碳排放情況以及應對方案說明文328+64=392易閱讀理解B人與自我：一位寫作教師的教學認知突破之旅記敘文295+85=380中閱讀理解C人與社會：汽車主導的城市規(guī)劃vs行人友好的生活空間訴求議論文315+113=428難閱讀理解D人與自然：微塑料污染及應對方法說明文318+115=433中閱讀七選五人與社會：熱愛事業(yè)的咖啡館員工記敘文249+78=327易完形填空人與社會：搬家趣事之“贈人玫瑰，手有余香”記敘文243中語法填空人與社會：圍棋主題藝術(shù)展說明文239易書面表達人與自我：英語報欄目選擇應用文80左右中讀后續(xù)寫人與自我：家庭聚會中與兄弟產(chǎn)生嫌隙記敘文313中2025年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試英語試題（全國一卷）本試卷滿分150分?？荚囉脮r150分鐘。考生注意：1.答題前,請務必將自己的姓名、準考證號用黑色字跡的簽字筆或鋼筆分別填寫在試題卷和答題紙規(guī)定的位置上。2.答題時,請按照答題紙上“注意事項”的要求，在答題紙相應的位置上規(guī)范作答，在本試題卷上的作答一律無效。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Unpackhissuitcase. B.Boardaflight. C.Filloutaform.2.WhatdoesSarahplantodoaftergraduation?A.Dovolunteerwork. B.Pursueahigherdegree. C.Runthefamilybusiness.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Buyingacar. B.Movinghouse. C.Fixingthewindow.4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkoftheskiarea?A.It’sabitcrowded. B.Ithaspoorsnow. C.It’stoofaraway.5.Wherearethespeakersheading?A.TheArtCentre. B.TheGrandTheatre. C.TheStoneBridge.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidthewomando?A.Shewentoverthespeedlimit.B.Sheparkedinaschoolzone.C.Shedrovethrougharedlight.7.WhattimedoesschoolfinishonWednesdays?A.At2:00pm. B.At2:30pm. C.At3:30pm.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Fellowworkers. B.Formerschoolmates. C.Familyrelatives.9.WhowillGracehavedinnerwith?A.Fiona. B.Jennifer. C.David.10.WhatisKevingoingtodonext?A.Buyadrink. B.Playbasketball. C.Greetafriend.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutnewsprograms?A.Theyarereplacedbydocumentaries.B.Theyhavebeenreducedinnumber.C.Theyfocusonthelifeofcelebrities.12.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardrealityshows?A.Favorable. B.Critical. C.Uncertain.13.WhatdoesthewomanexpectTVprogramstobe?A.Educational. B.Diverse. C.Entertaining.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhoisCathy?A.Aschoolteacher. B.Aradiohost. C.Agovernmentofficial.15.Whatcanthevisitingadultsdointheschool?A.Givespeeches. B.Observeclasses. C.Organizeactivities.16.Howcanthestudentsbenefitfromtheschoolprogram?A.Earnextracredits. B.Findjobopportunities. C.Learnaboutadults'life.17.Whatisthegoaloftheschoolprogram?A.Toimprovestudent-teacherrelationship.B.Topromotetheideaofwork-lifebalance.C.Toenhanceschool-communityinteraction.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whereisthespeaker'scitylocated?A.Bythelake. B.Onthecoast. C.Inthevalley.19.Whatdothenumbersonthesignsstandfor?A.Thedurationofflooding. B.Theriseinairtemperature.C.Theheightabovesealevel.20.Whatdoesthesuccessoftheprojectindicate?A.Artcanmakeadifference. B.Thehomeownersarecreative.C.Climatechangeiscontrollable.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AThegreeningofplanes,trainsandautomobilesMovinggoodsandpeoplearoundtheworldisresponsibleforalargepartofglobalCO2emissions(排放).Astheworldracestodecarbonizeeverything,itfacesparticularproblemswithtransportation—whichaccountsforaboutaquarterofourenergy-relatedgreenhousegasemissions.Here’sthebreakdownoftheemissionsin2018fordifferentmodesoftransport.Thefuelsfortransportneedtobenotjustgreen,cheapandpowerful,butalsolightweightandsafeenoughtobecarriedaround.Eachmodeoftransporthasitsspecificfuelneeds.Muchisstilltobesettled,butherearesomeofthesolutionstogetusgoinggreen.PLANES—SynthetichydrocarbonsThehardestsectortodecarbonizeisaviation.Onelong-termoptionforsustainablefuelforplanesistomakehydrocarbonsfromrecycledair.CARS—BatteriesBatteriesareenergy-efficientandelectriccarscanplugintoexistingsystemsandservices.Newsolid-statebatterieswilltakeacarfartheronasinglecharge.TRAINS—ElectricitySometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.TRUCKS—HydrogenfuelcellsHydrogenfuelcellsarealighterchoicethanbatteriesfortrucks,butmakinggreenhydrogenisexpensive.SHIPS—LiquidammoniaLiquidammoniaiseasytokeepandtransport,butitishardtoignite(點燃)andrequiresanengineredesign.Thisenergytransition(變革)isglobal,andtheamountofrenewableenergytheworldwillneedis“alittlebitmind-blowing,”saysmechanicalengineerKeithWipkeattheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratory.It’sestimatedthattheglobaldemandforelectricitycouldmorethandoubleby2050.Fortunately,analysessuggestthatrenewablesareuptothetask.“Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergy,anditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.21.Whatpercentageofglobaltransportemissionsdidroadvehiclesaccountforin2018?A.11.6%. B.45.1%. C.74.5%. D.86.1%.22.Whichmodeoftransportcangogreencomparativelyeasily?A.Planes. B.Trucks. C.Trains. D.Ships.23WhatdoesWipkesuggestregardingenergytransition?A.Limitingfuelconsumption. B.Puttingmoreeffortintorenewables.C.Improvingenergyefficiency. D.Makingelectricitymoreaffordable.【答案】21.C22.C23.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了2018年不同交通方式的溫室氣體排放占比，以及飛機、汽車等各類交通工具的未來綠色燃料路徑。21.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表信息ROADVEHICLES部分中“ROAD(PASSENGER)45.1%(道路(客運)45.1%)”以及“ROAD(GOODS)29.4%(道路(貨運)29.4%)”可知，道路車輛總占比為45.1%+29.4%=74.5%，即道路車輛在2018年全球交通排放中占比74.5%。故選C項。22.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表信息TRAINS—Electricity部分中“Sometrainsarealreadyelectrifiedthroughrailsorwires;otherscanbemadeelectricinprettysimpleways.(一些列車已經(jīng)通過軌道或電線實現(xiàn)了電氣化；其他火車可以通過非常簡單的方式實現(xiàn)電動化)”可知，火車相較其他交通方式更易實現(xiàn)綠色化。故選C項。23.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中““Weneedtospeedupthedevelopmentofgreenenergyanditwillallgetused,”saysWipke.(Wipke說：“我們需要加速綠色能源的開發(fā)，而且這些能源都會被利用起來?！?”可知，Wipke建議加大對可再生能源的投入，即加大對綠色能源的投入。故選B項。語篇解讀關(guān)鍵詞greening,emissions,decarbonize,transportation,energytransition,renewableenergy主旨概要本文是一篇說明文，文章以“交通領(lǐng)域的綠色化”為核心，客觀介紹了全球交通碳排放的現(xiàn)狀，不同交通方式的解決方案以及能源變革中我們應該努力的方向。語言知識原文出處美國非營利出版物：/content/article/technology/2024/decarbonization-of-transportation-predictions百科知識合成碳氫化合物（synthetichydrocarbon）指通過人工化學方法，將一氧化碳、二氧化碳、氫氣等簡單原料轉(zhuǎn)化為由碳和氫組成的有機化合物。這類技術(shù)通常用于替代傳統(tǒng)石油資源，實現(xiàn)能源或化工原料的可持續(xù)生產(chǎn)。氫燃料電池（hydrogenfuelcell）是一種通過電化學反應將氫氣和氧氣的化學能直接轉(zhuǎn)化為電能的裝置，過程中僅排放水，無污染，是清潔能源技術(shù)的重要發(fā)展方向之一。液氨（liquidammonia）是氨氣在低溫或高壓下液化形成的無色液體，具有強烈刺激性氣味，是一種重要的化工原料和新興的清潔能源載體。重難點詞greeningn綠色轉(zhuǎn)型（green+-ing）；decarbonizev脫碳（de-+carbonize）；greenhousegasn溫室氣體（尤指二氧化碳）；breakdownn[熟詞生義]明細（break+down）；moden方式；specificadj特定的；settlev[熟詞生義]解決（爭端、分歧等）；sectorn領(lǐng)域/行業(yè)；aviationn航空工業(yè)；sustainableadj可持續(xù)的（sustain+-able）；recycledadj回收的（recycle+-ed）；energy-efficientadj節(jié)能的（energy+efficient）；solid-stateadj固態(tài)的（solid+state）；electrifyv使電氣化（electric+-fy）；redesignn重新設計（re-+design）；mind-blowingadj非常令人吃驚的（mind+blow+-ing）；analysisn分析重難點詞塊beresponsiblefor對……負責；accountfor（數(shù)量、比例上）占；plug(sth)intosth（將某物）與某物接通；renewableenergy可再生能源；Itisestimated(that)...據(jù)估計……；upto達到（某個標準）；speedup（使）加快速度BInmyninth-gradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA’s,andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreakafterherparentsrejectedtheloveofheryounglife.Morethanonce,Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.Butthingsweredifferentfortheirfirstessay,whichwasaboutthequestion:“Whyiswritingimportant?”Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(論點)statement.Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofcomputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.Thiswouldhavetochange.Asanewunitstarted,Iaskedeveryonetowriteapersuasivepieceonahealth-relatedtopicoftheirchoice.Thistimetheyfoundtheexercisemuchmoreinteresting.Forthenexttwoassignments,apersonal-narrativeunitfollowedbyacreative-writingworkshop,Ionlyrequiredthatthepiecemeetthespecificationsofitsgenre(體裁)andthatitcontainathesis.Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofcommunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting’smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother’sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.24.Whoarethepeoplementionedatthebeginningofparagraph1?A.Ninthgraders. B.Students’parents.C.Modernwriters. D.Fictionalcharacters.25.Whydidthestudentsperformpoorlyinwritingtheirfirstessay?A.Theywerenotgivenenoughtime. B.Theyhadaverylimitedvocabulary.C.Theymisunderstoodthequestion. D.Theyhadlittleinterestinthetopic.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“staggering”inparagraph3mean?A.Mixed. B.Amazing. C.Similar. D.Disturbing.27.Whatdoestheauthor’sexperienceshow?A.Teachingislearning. B.Stillwatersrundeep.C.Knowledgeispower. D.Practicemakesperfect.【答案】24.D25.D26.B27.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者作為一名寫作課老師，通過教學實踐逐漸認識到學生寫作動力的來源以及寫作真正意義的成長故事。24．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inmyninth-gradewritingclasslastyear,Imetacowboywhosavedhistown,astrictfatherwhodemandedhissonearnstraightA’s,andamodern-dayJulietwhodiedofheartbreakafterherparentsrejectedtheloveofheryounglife.Morethanonce,Ifoundmyselfwonderingjusthowmystudents,who’dcreatedthesepeople,knewtheirsubjectssowell.(去年，在我九年級的寫作課上，我結(jié)識了一位拯救了自己小鎮(zhèn)的牛仔、一位要求兒子門門功課全得A的嚴厲父親，還有一位現(xiàn)代版的朱麗葉——因父母反對她年少的愛情而心碎離世。不止一次，我暗自琢磨，這些塑造了這些人物的學生，究竟是如何如此深諳他們筆下的角色的)”可知，這里提到的牛仔、嚴厲的父親和現(xiàn)代版的朱麗葉都是學生在寫作中創(chuàng)造出來的虛構(gòu)人物。故選D。25.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Mostoftheessaysfilledlessthanonepage,andfewcontainedasentencethatcouldbeinterpretedasathesis(論點)statement.Iwasshocked.ThenIrealizedthattheproblemwasthequestionitself.Theycouldhavewrittenpagesonthenecessityofcomputers,butwriting,inandofitself,simplydidn’tstrikethemasimportant.(大多數(shù)文章篇幅不足一頁，幾乎沒有包含可被視為論點的句子。我感到震驚。隨后我意識到問題出在題目本身。他們本可以就電腦的必要性寫下數(shù)頁內(nèi)容，但寫作本身根本沒讓他們覺得重要)”可推知，學生們在寫第一篇作文時表現(xiàn)不佳，是因為他們對寫作這個話題本身不感興趣。故選D。26.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Theresultswerestaggering.Thestudentstookondiversetopicsandturnedinstories,10to20pageseach,withcharactersthatbroadenedmyviewandtouchedmyheart.(結(jié)果是staggering。學生們選取了多樣的主題，交上來的故事每篇都有10到20頁長，其中的人物拓寬了我的視野，也觸動了我的心)”可知，學生們寫出了內(nèi)容豐富、打動人心的故事，與之前的表現(xiàn)形成強烈對比。staggering意為“令人震驚的、驚人的”，與B選項“Amazing(驚人的)”語義一致。故選B。27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Iwalkedintoclassbelievingthatwritingisimportantasameansofcommunication.However,mystudentsdemonstratedsomethingmoreimportanttome.WhenthefinalbellranginJune,Iwalkedawaywithayearbookfullofmessagesaboutwriting’smostpowerfulsignificance—theabilitytoconnectpeople,toputusinanother’sskin,toteachuswhatitmeanstobehuman.(我走進教室時堅信寫作作為一種交流方式至關(guān)重要。然而，學生們向我展示了更為重要的東西。當六月的下課鈴響起時，我?guī)е槐緷M是留言的年鑒離開——這些留言訴說著寫作最強大的意義：它能連接人與人，讓我們換位思考，教會我們身為人類的真諦)”結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，文章通過作者的教學經(jīng)歷，說明她在教導學生的同時，自己也領(lǐng)悟到寫作的真正意義，這一過程體現(xiàn)了“教學相長”的理念。選項A“Teachingislearning(教學相長)”符合文中描述的作者通過教學獲得的新認識。故選A。語篇解讀關(guān)鍵詞writing,important,persuasivepiece,connect主旨概要本文是一篇記敘文，講述九年級寫作課上，教師通過調(diào)整教學方式，讓學生從最初寫作表現(xiàn)不佳到創(chuàng)作出優(yōu)秀作品，并領(lǐng)悟?qū)懽髂苓B接人心、傳遞人性的意義。語言知識重難點詞heartbreakn心碎；rejectv拒絕接受；subjectn描述對象；containv包含；statementn（state+-ment）陳述；necessityn必要性；persuasiveadj有說服力的；assignmentn（學生的）作業(yè)（assign+-ment）；workshopn研討會，研習班；diverseadj多種多樣的；demonstratev表明；yearbookn學校年刊重難點詞塊straightA’s全A（滿分）成績；modern-dayJuliet現(xiàn)代版朱麗葉（比喻因愛情悲劇受苦的人物）；beinterpretedas被理解為……；inandofitself本身，本質(zhì)上；strikesbas給某人留下……印象；meetthespecifications符合規(guī)范/要求；takeon呈現(xiàn)；turnin上交；broadenone’sview拓寬某人的視野；touchone’sheart觸動某人的內(nèi)心；ameansof一種……的方式；walkawaywith最終收獲；putusinanother’sskin設身處地，換位思考CWhilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.DutchauthorsThaliaVerkadeandMarcoteBr?mmelstroetarebotheredbyfactslikethese.IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.Lifeoncitystreetsstartedtochangedecadesago.Wholeneighbourhoodsweredestroyedtomakewayfornewroadnetworksandkidshadtoplayelsewhere.Somecommunitiesfoughtback.Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”SimilarcampaignsoccurredinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970saswell.Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.InAustraliawenowhaveovertwentymillioncarsforjustovertwenty-sixmillionpeople,amongthehighestrateofcarownershipintheworld.Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?TheauthorsofMovementhaveitright:it’stimetothinkdifferentlyaboutthatstreetoutsideyourfrontdoor.28.Whatphenomenondoestheauthorpointoutinparagraph1?A.Carsoftengetstuckontheroad. B.Trafficaccidentsoccurfrequently.C.Peoplewalklessanddrivemore. D.Pedestriansfailtofollowtherules.29.WhatweretheCanadianjournalistandothercampaignerstryingtodo?A.Keeptheircitieslivable. B.Promoteculturaldiversity.C.Helptheneedyfamilies. D.Makeexpresswaysaccessible.30.WhatcanbeinferredaboutthecampaignsinAustraliainthelate1960sand1970s?A.Theyboostedthesalesofcars. B.Theyturnedoutlargelyineffective.C.Theywongovernmentsupport. D.Theyadvocatedbuildingnewparks.31.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhytheRush? B.What’sNext?C.WheretoStay? D.WhotoBlame?【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了西方城市過度圍繞汽車設計導致行人流動性下降，尤其是兒童步行減少的現(xiàn)象，并通過歷史案例和現(xiàn)狀分析呼吁反思街道功能，重視城市宜居性。28.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Whilesafetyimprovementsmighthavebeenmadetoourstreetsinrecentyears,transportstudiesalsoshowdeclinesinpedestrian(行人)mobility,especiallyamongyoungchildren.Manyparentssaythere’stoomuchtrafficontheroadsfortheirchildrentowalksafelytoschool,sotheypackthemintothecarinstead.(雖然近年來我們的街道可能已經(jīng)改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流動性下降，尤其是年輕兒童。許多家長說，路上的交通太擁擠，他們的孩子無法安全步行上學，所以他們把孩子塞進車里)”可知，作者指出的現(xiàn)象是人們步行減少、開車增多。故選C。29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Mostfamously,aCanadianjournalistwhohadmovedherfamilytoManhattanintheearly1950sledacampaigntostopthedestructionofherlocalpark.Describingheralarmatitsproposedreplacementwithanexpressway,JaneJacobscalledonhermayor(市長)tochampion“NewYorkasadecentplacetolive,andnotjustrushthrough.”(最著名的是，一位加拿大記者在20世紀50年代初舉家遷往曼哈頓，她領(lǐng)導了一場阻止當?shù)毓珗@被毀的運動。在描述她對用高速公路取代公園的提議感到震驚時，JaneJacobs呼吁她的市長捍衛(wèi)“紐約作為適宜居住的地方，而不僅是匆匆穿過的通道”)”可推知，加拿大記者和其他運動參與者旨在保持城市宜居性。故選A。30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Althoughthesecampaignswerewidespread,therealityisthatthemajorityofthewesterncitieswerecompletelyredesignedaroundtheneedsofthemotorcar.Thenumberofcarsonroadshasbeenincreasingrapidly.(盡管這些運動很普遍，但現(xiàn)實是大多數(shù)西方城市完全圍繞汽車需求重新設計。道路上的汽車數(shù)量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世紀60年代末和70年代澳大利亞的競選活動未能阻止汽車發(fā)展，基本上沒有效果。故選B。31.主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)文章最后一段“Weinvestalotinroadsthathelpusrushthrough,butwefailtoaccountforthetruecosts.Dowereallyrecognisewhatitcostsusasasocietywhenchildrencan’tmovesafelyaroundourcommunities?(我們在幫助我們快速通過的道路上投入了大量資金，但我們沒有考慮到真正的成本。我們真的認識到當孩子們不能在我們的社區(qū)安全地移動時，我們作為一個社會將會付出什么代價嗎)”可推知，本文批判城市過度追求交通效率、忽視行人需求的現(xiàn)象，A項“WhytheRush?(為何匆匆？)”質(zhì)問“rushthrough(匆匆通行)”的規(guī)劃理念，契合主旨，最適合作為本文標題。故選A。語篇解讀關(guān)鍵詞pedestrianmobility,arethinkofourstreets,roadnetworks主旨概要本文是一篇議論文，通過引述荷蘭作者的新書《出行之道》，批評了城市街道設計過度服務汽車、忽視行人尤其是兒童出行安全的問題，呼吁人們重新思考街道的功能，建設適宜居民生活的城市環(huán)境。百科知識簡·雅各布斯（JaneJacobs）是20世紀最具影響力的城市規(guī)劃思想家之一。她提倡以人為本的城市設計，反對以汽車為中心的城市重建，主張保護社區(qū)的活力和街道的多樣性。原文出處選自InsideStory網(wǎng)站2023年1月21日名為Whytherush?的文章.au/why-the-rush/語言知識重難點詞匯declinen下降；botherv使擔憂；destroyv摧毀；destructionn破壞；alarmn驚恐；championv捍衛(wèi)；decentadj宜居的；motorcarn汽車；recognisev意識到techniquen技巧；producev制作重難點詞塊packsbintosth在（有限空間里）塞進（大量的人）；takeback奪回；callfor（公開）要求；makewayfor給……讓路；fightback反擊；leadacampaign領(lǐng)導運動；callonsbtodosth呼吁某人做某事；rushthrough快速通過；accountfor考慮到合成詞+派生詞improvementn改善（improve+-ment）；mobilityn流動（性）（mobile+-ity）；transformv使改變（trans-+form）；rethinkn重新考慮（re-+think）；journalistn新聞記者（journal+-ist）；proposedadj提議的（propose+-d）；replacementn取代（replace+-ment）；expresswayn高速公路（express+way）；widespreadadj廣泛的（wide+spread）；majorityn大多數(shù)（major+-ity）；redesignv重新設計（re-+design）；ownershipn所有權(quán)（owner+-ship）長難句分析IntheirnewbookMovement:HowtoTakeBackOurStreetsandTransformOurLives,theycallforarethinkofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives.句意為：在他們的新書《出行之道：如何奪回我們的街道并改變我們的生活》中，作者呼吁重新審視街道及其在我們生活中扮演的角色。本句主干是theycallforarethink；ofourstreetsandtheroletheyplayinourlives是介詞短語作后置定語修飾rethink，其中theyplayinourlives是省略that/which的定語從句，修飾role。DMicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.Now,newresearchsuggeststhatasimple,cheapmeasuremaysignificantlyreducethelevelofmicroplasticsinwaterfromyourtap(水龍頭):boilingandfiltering(過濾)it.InastudypublishedWednesdayinEnvironmentalScience&TechnologyLetters,researchersfromChinafoundthatboilingtapwaterforjustfiveminutes—thenfilteringitafteritcools—couldremoveatleast80percentofitsmicroplastics.Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.Additionally,theresearchdidn’tincludealltypesofplastics.Theteamfocusedonlyonthreecommontypes—polystyrene,polyethyleneandpolypropylene—andtheydidn’tstudyotherchemicalspreviouslyfoundinwatersuchasvinylchloride.Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydifficult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.Scientistsarestilltryingtodeterminehowharmfulmicroplasticsare—butwhattheydoknowhasraisedconcerns.Thenewstudysuggestsboilingtapwatercouldbeatooltolimitintake.“Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”32.Howdoestheauthorpresenttheissueinthefirstparagraph?A.Byquotinganexpert. B.Bydefiningaconcept.C.Bygivingexamples. D.Byprovidingstatistics.33.Whatdeterminestheeffectivenessoftrappingmicroplasticsinwater?A.Thehardnessofwater. B.Thelengthofcoolingtime.CThefrequencyoffiltering. D.Thetypeofplasticinwater.34.Whatdoestheauthortrytoillustratebymentioningbottledwaterinparagraph4?A.Theimportanceofplasticrecycling. B.Theseverityofthemicroplasticproblem.C.Thedangerinoverusingpurewater. D.Thedifficultyintreatingpollutedwater.35.WhatisGauchotte-Lindsay’ssuggestionabout?A.Choiceofnewresearchmethods. B.Possibledirectionforfurtherstudy.C.Needtoinvolvemoreresearchers. D.Potentialapplicationofthefindings.【答案】32.C33.A34.B35.D【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。介紹了一項關(guān)于減少自來水中微塑料污染的新研究。微塑料污染已遍及全球，甚至進入人體。中國研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，將自來水煮沸五分鐘并冷卻后過濾。研究雖未涵蓋所有塑料類型和化學物質(zhì)，但揭示了一種潛在解決方案。蘇格蘭環(huán)境工程師指出，該研究展示了煮沸法的有效性，并建議升級飲用水處理廠以推廣應用。32.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“MicroplasticshavebecomeacommonsourceofpollutionacrosstheEarth—theyhavesettledinthedeepseaandontheHimalayas,stuckinsidevolcanicrocks,filledthestomachsofseabirdsandevenfalleninfreshAntarcticsnow.Theyareevenappearinginsidehumans.(微塑料已經(jīng)成為地球上常見的污染源——它們出現(xiàn)在在深海和喜馬拉雅山上，被困在火山巖中，填滿海鳥的胃，甚至落在南極的新雪中。它們甚至出現(xiàn)了在人類身體里。)”可推斷，作者通過舉例提出微塑料污染的問題。故選C。33.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Crucially,thisprocessreliesonthewatercontainingenoughcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣)totraptheplastics.Inthestudy,boilinghardwatercontaining300milligramsofcalciumcarbonateledtoanalmost90percentdropinplastics.Butinsampleswithlessthan60milligramsofcalciumcarbonate,boilingreducedthelevelofplasticsbyjust25percent.(至關(guān)重要的是，這一過程依賴于含有足夠碳酸鈣的水來捕獲塑料。在這項研究中，將含有300毫克碳酸鈣的硬水煮沸后，塑料含量下降了近90%。但在碳酸鈣含量低于60毫克的樣品中，煮沸只降低了25%的塑料含量。)”可知，決定在水中捕獲微塑料的有效性的事水的硬度。故選A。34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Still,thefindingsshowapotentialpathforwardforreducingmicroplasticexposure—ataskthat’sbecomingincreasinglydiffcult.Evenbottledwater,scientistsfoundearlierthisyear,contains10to1,000timesmoremicroplasticsthanoriginallythought.(盡管如此，研究結(jié)果顯示了減少微塑料接觸的潛在途徑——這一任務正變得越來越困難。今年早些時候，科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，即使是瓶裝水，其微塑料含量也比原先想象的高出10到1000倍。)”可推斷，作者提到瓶裝水是為了說明微塑料污染的嚴重性。故選B。35.細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的““Thewaytheydemonstratedhowmicroplasticsweretrappedthroughtheboilingprocesswasnice,”CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay,anenvironmentalengineeroftheUniversityofGlasgowinScotlandwhowasnotinvolvedintheresearch,tellsNewScientist.“Weshouldbelookingintoupgradingdrinkingwatertreatmentplantssotheyremovemicroplastics.”(格蘭格拉斯哥大學的環(huán)境工程師卡羅琳?高肖特-林賽（CarolineGauchotte-Lindsay）沒有參與這項研究，她告訴《新科學家》雜志：“他們展示的微塑料是如何通過煮沸過程被捕獲的方式很好?！薄拔覀儜摽紤]升級飲用水處理廠，這樣它們就能去除微塑料?！?”可知，Gauchotte-Lindsay提出了這項發(fā)現(xiàn)的潛在應用，升級飲用水處理廠。故選D。語篇解讀關(guān)鍵詞microplastics,tapwater,boiling,filtering主旨概要本文是一篇說明文，介紹了微塑料污染的普遍性及其對人類健康的潛在威脅，并提出了一種簡單且經(jīng)濟的方法——煮沸和過濾自來水——來減少飲用水中的微塑料含量。研究還指出，水的硬度（碳酸鈣含量）是影響該方法效果的關(guān)鍵因素。文章強調(diào)微塑料污染問題的嚴峻性，并呼吁進一步升級飲用水處理廠，以應對微塑料污染問題。百科知識硬水（hardwater）：指含有較多可溶性鈣、鎂化合物的水。原文出處本文選自Smithsonianmagazine雜志2024年3月1日名為BoilingTapWaterCouldHelpRemove80PercentofItsMicroplastics,StudySuggests的文章。/smart-news/boiling-tap-water-could-help-remove-80-percent-of-its-microplastics-study-suggests-180983874/語言知識重難點詞匯microplasticn微塑料（micro-+plastic）；stickv卡住，陷入；significantlyadv顯著地；coolv（使）冷卻；removev除去；cruciallyadv關(guān)鍵地，至關(guān)重要地；trapv收集，吸收；dropn下降；additionallyadv除此之外，此外；previouslyadv以前，先前；stilladv雖然如此；exposuren接觸；originallyadv起初，原來；intaken吸入量，攝入量（in+take）；demonstratev展示；upgradev（使）升級（up+grade）；quotev引用，引述；hardnessn硬度（hard+-ness）；severityn嚴重（severe+-ity）；overusev過度使用（over-+use）重難點詞塊settlein在……安頓下來；volcanicrock火山巖；relyon依靠；hardwater硬水；leadto導致，造成；bottledwater瓶裝水；raiseconcernsabout/over/forsth提出對某事的擔憂；lookinto調(diào)查，研究；purewater純凈水第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。AnUnsungHeroNeedabreakbetweenclassesorjustaquickpick-me-upinthemorning?TheCollegeCafehasjustthat,andmore.36CatherineMurphy,acafeworkerinagreenshirtandblackhat,makessurethateachcustomergetsexactlywhattheyorder.Shegoesbackandforthbetweenmachinestomakethedrinks.37Asthecustomergrabsthedrinkfromherhand,shesmilesandsays,“Hello,howisyourday?”Evenwhenthelineisgettinglonger,shedoesn’tletitgetinthewayofhergenuineconversations.Murphygetsupataquartertofiveanddrivesthirtyminuteseverydaytogettoworkontime.38“IdosobecauseIliketomakecoffeeforthestudents.Iknowtheyneeditinthemorning,”Murphysaid.Beingamotherandwifehashelpedherbecomethewomansheis.Shebelievessheisheretoserve.OnethingMurphymaynotknowisthathersmileiscontagious(有感染力)andcanbethedifferenceinastudenthavingamuchbetterdaythantheywerehavingbeforeseeingher.JoannaWright,aseniorpoliticalsciencemajor,lovescoffeeandgoestothecafeatleastsixdaysaweek.39“Catherinealwayshasahugesmileonherface,whichalwaysputsmeinacheerfulmood,”Wrightsaid.“Ienjoyworkinginthecafe”Murphysaid.40Shehaseveryintentionofstayingandcontinuingdoingwhatsheloves.A.Thecafeclosesat9pmeveryday.B.Shehastwochildrenagedeightandfour.C.Sometimesshearrivesearlytoservethestudentsearly.D.Afterfinishinganorder,shecallsoutthenameonthecup.E.Notonlydoesthiscafeserveupdrinks,italsoservesupsmiles.F.Goingtothecafestartsherdayoffgoodandgetsherreadyforclass.G.Shehasservedherefor17yearsandcan’timagineworkinganywhereelse.【答案】36E37.D38.C39.F40.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述大學咖啡館工作人員凱瑟琳?墨菲用真誠的服務和熱情的微笑為學生帶來溫暖的故事，展現(xiàn)了這位平凡英雄的動人之處。36.根據(jù)上文“Needabreakbetweenclassesorjustaquickpick-me-upinthemorning?TheCollegeCafehasjustthat,andmore.(課間需要休息或早上快速提神？大學咖啡館提供這些，還有更多。)”可知，開篇引出咖啡館的功能，空格處需揭示“更多”的內(nèi)涵。E選項“Notonlydoesthiscafeserveupdrinks,italsoservesups