專題05必修一Unit4基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)一遍過(guò)單元基礎(chǔ)達(dá)標(biāo)練Ⅰ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思填寫1．Aninvestigationisunderwaytofindouthowthe________(災(zāi)難)happened.2．Thechurchclockbeganto

_______(敲響)twelve.3．Thishospitalattachedtothemedicalcollegenearbywas________(摧毀)intheflood.4．Rescuersbuilt________(避難所)forsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.5．Asweallknow,thefloodreallydidgreat_______(損害)tothecropsthere.6．Idon’tknowhowyoumanageto________(活下來(lái))onsuchlittlemoney.7．Mr.Liaskshisstudentstowritea______(總結(jié))eachtimetheyfinishreadingapassage.8．Intimeofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthe__________(智慧)tostaypositive.9．Thisboy__________(營(yíng)救)fromtherunningwateryesterday.10．Mostofus________(呼吸)outheavilywhentheoperationwasoverandthepatientwasoutofdanger.Ⅱ.用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子11．________(strike)bythestorydeeply，hecan’thelpburstingintotears.12．Weshoulddoall________isusefultopeople.13．（2023·全國(guó)·高二假期作業(yè)）Notonlydoestiredness________(affect)yourhappinesslevelsbutitalso________(affect)yourabilitytoconcentrate.14．InAfrica,poornutritioncausedthe________(die)ofthepoorbaby.15．Medicalworkerswereallbusy______(rescue)the______(injury)inthemajoraccident.16．Withnorainforoverayear,thecityissuffering________unusuallyhotweather.17．Thestreamhasfrozenup;youcanseethefish________(trap)intheice.18．Theday_______welookedforwardto________(come)atlast.19．________(bury)undertheruins,theyoungmanwasrather________(frighten).20．I’mafriendoftheboy_________brotherhaswonthefirstprizeinthecompetition.Ⅲ.閱讀理解AMaunaLoa,theworld’slargestactivevolcano,startederuptinglateSundayintheU.S.islandstateofHawaiiinthePacificOcean.Thevolcanolasterupted38yearsago.Butitisnotexpectedtoputpeopleindanger.Atthispoint,melted(熔化的)rock,calledlava,ispredictednottocomenearpopulatedareas,butofficialswarnedpeopletobereadytomoveaway.Thepathoflavaflowscanchangequickly.Islandofficialswarnedpeopletostayawayfromtheareaswherelavaiscomingoutbecauseitcanshoot30to60metersintheair.Thegascomingfromtheeruptionisalsoharmful.Atthemoment,however,thestatesaidairqualityontheislandisgood.Theeruptionisanewexperienceformanypeopleontheisland.TherearemorethantwiceasmanypeoplelivingtherecomparedtothelasttimeMaunaLoaerupted.Stateofficialsaremostconcernedaboutanareaabout50kilometerstothesouthofthevolcanowhereabout5,000peoplelive.Thereissomeconcernaboutaweakareaonthesouthwesternpartofthemountain.Iflavaescapesfromthatarea,itcouldthreatenplaceswherepeopleliveinjusthoursordays.Thelavahasnevercomeupthroughthatareaduringpasteruptions.ThelavacouldflowtowardthecityofHilo,whichhasabout45,000people.Thatcouldtakeaboutaweek.Scientistssaytheyhopethelavaflowslikeitdidin1984,whenitmovedslowly.HawaiimayorisMitchRoth.Hesaidtheeruption“willberemarkable”,buthedoesnotthinkitwillcauseproblemsforpeoplevisitingHawaii.HesaidmanypeoplecometoHawaiitoseevolcanoes,buttheyhavetotravelalongwaytoanationalpark.Now,theycanseeaneruptionmuchmoreeasily.“Youcanjustlookoutyourwindowatnightandyou’llbeabletoseeMaunaLoaerupting,”hesaid.21．Whydidofficialsgivepeopleawarning?A．Thewaylavaflowsisuncertain. B．Airqualityontheislandisn’tgood.C．Thelavacanshoot60metersatleast. D．Thelavawillreachwherepeoplelive.22．Whydosomepeopleworryabouttheweakarea?A．Itisnearpopulatedplaces. B．Nolavahascomeupthroughit.C．Manypeoplelivethere. D．Itcanstoperuptions.23．WhatdoesMitchRothagreewith?A．PeoplehadbetterleaveHawaiisoon.B．Theeruptionisapossibledangertovisitors.C．ItisconvenienttowatchaneruptioninHawaii.D．Theeruptionisaonce-in-a-centurynaturalwonder.24．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．PeopleinHawaiiAreReadytoEscapeB．VolcanoesinHawaiiAlwaysAttractVisitorsC．DamageofVolcanoinHawaiiIsNotClearD．World’sLargestActiveVolcanoEruptsinHawaiiBSomescientistshavetracedtheincreaseinearthquakestohumanactivities,especiallyinareasnotknownforthepresenceoffaultlinesorpastseismic(地震的)activity.Theideaofhumanscausingearthquakesmayseemstrangeatfirst.Afterall,youcanrunaroundyourbackyardandjumpupanddownasyouwant,andthegroundisn’tgoingtostartshaking.However,scientistshaveidentifiedavarietyoflargescalehumanactivitiesthatcanresultinearthquakes.Scientistshaveconfirmedover700placeswherehumanactivitieshavecausedearthquakesoverthelastcentury.Whilemanyhuman-relatedearthquakesaresmallanddon’tcausemuchdamage,someofthemcanbeseriousanddangerous.Infact,scientistsbelievehumanactivitieshavecausedearthquakeswithmagnitudesashighas7.9ontheRichterscale.Scientistsbelievethatmosthuman-relatedearthquakesaretheresultofmining.Ascompaniesdrilldeeperanddeeperbelowtheearth’ssurfacetogetnaturalresources,holesleftbehindusuallycauseinstability(不穩(wěn)固)whichleadstoearthquakes.Anotherhumanactivityleadingtoearthquakesisfracking(水力壓裂)foroilandgas,includingthehighpressurewastewaterprocessingthatusuallygoeswithfracking.Inthisprocess,water,sandandchemicalsarepressedundergroundunderhighpressuretobreakrockstoreleasenaturalresources.Buildinglargedamscanalsocauseearthquakes.Manypeoplediedasaresultofabigearthquakecausedbymillionsoftonsofwaterthathadbeencollectedinareservoirafteralargedamwasbuiltoveraknownfaultline.Thesearenottheonlyhumanactivitiesthatcanresultinearthquakes,though.Scientistspointoutthatearthquakescanalsobecausedbyotherhumanactivities,suchasconstructionofskyscrapersandnuclearexplosions.Thereisnodoubtthathumanactivitieshavecontributedalottosocialandeconomicdevelopment,butforourownbenefit,wehumanshadbetternotpushnaturetoohard,orwewillhavetopayaprice.25．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“faultlines”inparagraph1probablyreferto?.A．Placeswithactivehumanactivities. B．Placesconnectedwithnaturalbalance.C．Areaswherenaturalresourcesarerich. D．Areaswhereearthquakestendtohappen.26．Whatdominingandgasproducinghaveincommon?A．Theybreakthebalanceofnature. B．Theydestroythestabilityofrocks.C．Theydomuchdamagetotheearth’ssurface. D．Theyusehighpressuretogetnaturalresources.27．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardshumanactivities?A．Objective. B．Supportive. C．Doubtful. D．Responsible.28．Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?A．Alltheearthquakesarecausedbyhumans.B．Humansareresponsibleforcertainearthquakes.C．Naturepunisheshumansbymeansofearthquakes.D．Muchprogresshasbeenmadeonearthquakeresearch.Ⅳ.完形填空PilotsBoersandhiswife,Kate,wereheadinghomefromtheNashvilleairport29Boersreceivedanemergencycallfromastranger.Thecallersaidherbrotherswere30ontheirroofbyrisingfloodwatersinWaver,60milesfromNashville.31,thecallerbeggedBoersto32herlovedones.33theysawthestormclouds,BoersandKatedrovebacktotheairport.Soon,theywereintheair,34forwhattheywereabouttoseeinWaver.Assoonastheyflewoverthemountain,therewasnothingbut35belowthem,andnoonecouldswiminthat.Instead,peoplewereholding36toanything37inthewaterthatdidn’tmove.Thefloodingalso38cellphoneservice,meaningBoerscouldn’tusehisphonetolocatethehousehewaslookingfor.AsBoerssteered,Katebegansearchingforpeopleatoproofs,bridges—anywhereBoerscouldlandhishelicopterandgetthemon39.Atonepoint,they40fourpeopleontheroofofastorewhohadbeentherefortwohours.Becausetheroofofferedno41forhimtoland,hehadtolowerthecopteruntilithovered(盤旋)justabovethewaterlineand42adangerousbalancingactbysettingonlyoneskid(起落橇)downwhileprayinghisrotordidn’thittheroof.Suddenly,thehelicoptershookowingtoastrongwind,butBoersmanagedto43controlofthehelicopter.Latertheyfoundthevictimsandcarriedthemoneatatimetonearbyshelters.BoersandKate’s44ended90minutesafteritbegan,whenprofessionalrescueteams45.BoersandKatewerealmostoutof46afterrescuing17people.Asforthewomanwho47contactedBoers,shecalledbacktosaythatherbrothershadalsobeensaved.48astheexperiencewas,Boersdidsaid,“Tobehonest,itwasworthwhile.”29．A．when B．until C．a(chǎn)fter D．while30．A．punished B．eased C．discovered D．trapped31．A．Desperate B．Moody C．Ambitious D．Generous32．A．oppose B．forgive C．rescue D．drag33．A．Until B．Although C．Because D．Before34．A．unprepared B．exhausted C．satisfied D．delighted35．A．shore B．water C．steam D．yard36．A．up B．out C．back D．on37．A．slightly B．tightly C．gradually D．totally38．A．cutin B．cutdown C．cutback D．cutoff39．A．display B．duty C．board D．business40．A．spotted B．released C．persuaded D．a(chǎn)bandoned41．A．guidance B．habitat C．place D．pavement42．A．compared B．pretended C．combined D．a(chǎn)ttempted43．A．rebuild B．recover C．regain D．review44．A．joy B．mission C．demand D．a(chǎn)pproach45．A．stayedup B．brokeup C．showedup D．dressedup46．A．sight B．fuel C．curiosity D．reach47．A．originally B．constantly C．frequently D．occasionally48．A．Boring B．Confusing C．Amusing D．TerrifyingⅤ.七選五Theunpredictablenatureofdisastersisstressful.49Here’swhatyoushoulddoinspecifictypesofdisasters.HurricaneWhenahurricaneisapproaching,peopleinitsdirectpathareoftenallheadingintheoppositedirection,whichmeansthetrafficonthewayoutcanbeextreme.50Ifyoudon’thaveacar,makeplanstogowithfriendsorfamily.What’smore,it’sveryimportanttopayattentiontoallgovernmentwarningsbeforeandduringahurricane.WinterstormsAccordingtotheFederalEmergencyManagementAgency,winterstormscreateahigherriskofcaraccidentsandseveralhealthconditionssuchasheartdisease.51Besides,remembertodresswarmly,prepareforpoweroutages(斷供期),andkeepaneyeoutforsignsofserioushealthconditions.Ifyouhavetoriskgoingout,remembertostaywarm.52Flood53Trytobringsomewaterandfoodwithyou.Ifyouliveinaone-storyhome,putmattresses(床墊)ontopofadiningroomtableforextraheightincasewaterrushesinside.Butbecarefulaboutgoinginsideanattic(閣樓).Youmayfindthatyoudon’thaveawaybackout.A．So,ifyou’regoingtoleave,leaveearly.B．That’swhyhavinganactionplaninplaceissoimportant.C．Tohelpminimizeyourrisk,you’readvisedtostayindoors.D．Coverasmuchskinasyoucanwithhats,warmsocks,gloves,etc.E．Duringaflood,it’sbesttogotoahighfloor,ideallynearawindow.F．Youcanseeifyourhomehasahighfloodriskthroughthefloodmaps.G．It’simportanttoensurethatallfamilymembers“knowtheplaninsideandout.”Ⅵ.語(yǔ)法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Anearthquakeearlywarningsystem54usesAItechnologytopredicthowthegroundwillmovecangiveseveralseconds’advancenoticethattheshakingiscoming.Asimilarsystemalreadyexists—ShakeAlert.Ituses55(tradition)computingpowerandworksby56(record)thefirstwavesofanearthquake—Pwaves—andthenpredictingwhenthesetofwavesthatcausemostoftheshaking—slower-movingSwaves—willarrive.Thenewsystem57(call)DeepShake,anditalsointends58(provide)afewseconds’warningofimminent(即將發(fā)生的)shakingonceanearthquakehasstarted.However,DeepShakeusesatype59AIlearningtechnique.Thiscouldleadtofasterprocessingacrossdifferentearthquakeregions.“Whenwesetoutonthisproject60(we)goalwastobeatpreviouspredictionequations(方程)thatare61(current)usedtoprogramearthquakewarningsystems,”saidAvoyDatta,whowaspartoftheteamthatdevelopedDeepShake.“Theyareveryslow62(compare)withDeepShake.Theyneedsupercomputersandtakeminutesandhourstoprocess.Ifwerun25DeepShakemodels,63onlytakesaround6.1millisecondstoprocessonasingleresearchGPU.Thisisgoingtobeveryfast.Ⅰ.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思填寫1．disaster【詳解】考查名詞。句意：調(diào)查已經(jīng)展開，以查明災(zāi)難是如何發(fā)生的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)空白處前面的冠詞the可知空白處應(yīng)填名詞，表示“災(zāi)難”含義的名詞為disaster作賓語(yǔ)，故填disaster。2．strike【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：教堂的鐘開始敲十二點(diǎn)。begintodosth.開始做某事?！扒庙憽庇脛?dòng)詞strike。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及句意，故填strike。3．destroyed【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：那所醫(yī)學(xué)院附近附屬的醫(yī)院在洪水中被摧毀了。“摧毀”是句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，用動(dòng)詞destroy，與主語(yǔ)Thishospital之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞destroyed構(gòu)成一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填destroyed。4．shelters【詳解】考查名詞。句意：救援人員為房屋被毀的幸存者建造了避難所。根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示可知，此處使用名詞shelter，可數(shù)名詞，前無(wú)限定詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表泛指，作賓語(yǔ)。故填shelters。5．damage【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我們都知道，洪水確實(shí)給那里的莊稼造成了很大的損失。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示可知，“損害”是damage，dodamageto表示“對(duì)...有損害”，名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填damage。6．survive【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：我不知道你是怎么靠這么點(diǎn)錢活下去的。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)managetodosth可知，空處應(yīng)為動(dòng)詞原形；由漢語(yǔ)提示可知，應(yīng)用survive。故填survive。7．summary【詳解】考查名詞。句意：李老師要求學(xué)生每讀完一篇文章就寫一篇總結(jié)。根據(jù)句意及漢語(yǔ)提示可知，此處使用名詞summary，結(jié)合空處冠詞a可知，應(yīng)用單數(shù)，作賓語(yǔ)。故填summary。8．wisdom【詳解】考查名詞。句意：在災(zāi)難發(fā)生的時(shí)候，人們必須團(tuán)結(jié)起來(lái)，表現(xiàn)出保持積極的智慧。分析句子可知，空格處應(yīng)填入名詞作賓語(yǔ)。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示，表示“智慧”應(yīng)用名詞wisdom。故填wisdom。9．wasrescued【詳解】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：這個(gè)男孩昨天從流水中被救了出來(lái)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空白處在句子中做謂語(yǔ)且與主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知句子表達(dá)的是一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故填wasrescued。10．breathed【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：手術(shù)結(jié)束，病人脫離危險(xiǎn)時(shí)，我們大多數(shù)人都重重地呼出了氣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處在主句中作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)句中時(shí)態(tài)可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示及句意，故填breathed。

Ⅱ.用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子11．Struck/Striken【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他被這個(gè)故事深深吸引住了，不禁哭了起來(lái)。分析句子可知，strike作狀語(yǔ)，與邏輯主語(yǔ)he是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過(guò)去分詞，作狀語(yǔ)。故填Struck或Striken。12．that【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：我們應(yīng)該做所有對(duì)人民有用的事情。分析句子可知，此處是限定性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為不定代詞all，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，只能使用關(guān)系代詞that引導(dǎo)。故填that。13．a(chǎn)ffectaffects【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)。句意：疲勞不僅會(huì)影響你的快樂(lè)程度，還會(huì)影響你集中注意力的能力。設(shè)空處為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，第一空在Notonly引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，空前有助動(dòng)詞does，故第一設(shè)空處用動(dòng)詞原形affect；根據(jù)前半句的時(shí)態(tài)，第二空也是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，無(wú)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)為it，設(shè)空處用第三人稱單數(shù)形式affects。故填：①affect；②affects。14．death【詳解】考查名詞。句意：在非洲，營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良導(dǎo)致可憐的嬰兒死亡。由空前定冠詞the可知，此處為名詞形式。故填death。15．rescuinginjured【詳解】考查固定用法和形容詞。句意：醫(yī)務(wù)人員都在忙著搶救重大事故中的傷員。bebusydoingsth.“忙于做某事”為固定用法，故第一空填rescuing。“the＋形容詞”表示一類人，故第二空應(yīng)用形容詞形式injured，theinjured意為“受傷的人”，故填injured。16．from【詳解】考查介詞。句意：由于一年多沒(méi)有下雨，這座城市正遭受著異常炎熱的天氣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)為固定短語(yǔ)sufferfrom意為“遭受”符合句意。故填from。17．trapped【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：小溪已經(jīng)結(jié)冰了，你可以看到困在冰里的魚。動(dòng)詞see后接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞trap與thefish是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填trapped。18．that/whichcame【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他期盼的那一天最終來(lái)到了。第一空：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，“hehadlookedforwardto”是修飾名詞day的定語(yǔ)從句，代替先行詞day在從句中介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；第二空：該空為主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境和atlast可知，主句敘述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生了的事情，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故填that/which；came。19．Buriedfrightened【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和形容詞。句意：被埋在廢墟下，年輕男子非常害怕。第一空：句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞was且無(wú)連詞，故空處填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，bury和邏輯主語(yǔ)theyoungman為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞，作狀語(yǔ)；第二空：作表語(yǔ)，表示人的主觀感受，應(yīng)用v-ed形式的形容詞，frightened“害怕的”符合題意。故填Buried；frightened。20．whose【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意：我是那個(gè)男孩的朋友，他的兄弟在比賽中得了第一名。分析句子可知，空處缺少關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞theboy作從句主語(yǔ)brother的定語(yǔ)成分，用關(guān)系代詞whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故填whose。Ⅲ.閱讀理解A21．A22．A23．C24．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了世界上最大的活火山在夏威夷爆發(fā)。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“butofficialswarnedpeopletobereadytomoveaway.Thepathoflavaflowscanchangequickly.(但官員警告人們準(zhǔn)備離開。熔巖流的路徑變化很快。)”可知，官員警告人們離開，是因?yàn)槿蹘r流動(dòng)的路徑很快，是不確定的。故選A。22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thereissomeconcernaboutaweakareaonthesouthwesternpartofthemountain.Iflavaescapesfromthatarea,itcouldthreatenplaceswherepeopleliveinjusthoursordays.(有人擔(dān)心山西南部的一個(gè)薄弱地區(qū)。如果熔巖從那個(gè)地區(qū)逸出，它可能會(huì)威脅到人們生活的地方，只需要幾個(gè)小時(shí)或幾天。)”可知，如果熔巖從該薄弱地區(qū)流出，可能會(huì)在數(shù)小時(shí)或數(shù)天內(nèi)威脅到人們居住的地方。即該地離人類居住地很近。故選A。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“HesaidmanypeoplecometoHawaiitoseevolcanoes,buttheyhavetotravelalongwaytoanationalpark.Now,theycanseeaneruptionmuchmoreeasily.“Youcanjustlookoutyourwindowatnightandyou’llbeabletoseeMaunaLoaerupting,”hesaid.(他說(shuō)，許多人來(lái)夏威夷看火山，但他們必須走很長(zhǎng)的路才能到國(guó)家公園?，F(xiàn)在，他們可以更容易地看到火山噴發(fā)。他說(shuō)：“晚上你只要從窗戶往外看，就能看到莫納羅亞火山噴發(fā)?！?”可知，他認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在游客看火山噴發(fā)很方便。故選C。24．主旨大意題。通讀全文并根據(jù)第一段“MaunaLoa,theworld’slargestactivevolcano,startederuptinglateSundayintheU.S.islandstateofHawaiiinthePacificOcean.Thevolcanolasterupted38yearsago.Butitisnotexpectedtoputpeopleindanger.(世界上最大的活火山莫納羅亞火山星期天晚些時(shí)候在太平洋的美國(guó)夏威夷島州開始噴發(fā)。這座火山上一次噴發(fā)是在38年前。但預(yù)計(jì)這不會(huì)使人們處于危險(xiǎn)之中。)”內(nèi)容可知，文章談?wù)摰脑掝}是世界上最大的活火山在夏威夷爆發(fā)，D項(xiàng)“世界上最大的活火山在夏威夷爆發(fā)”適合做文章標(biāo)題。故選D。B25．D26．B27．A28．B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹的是一些地震是人類活動(dòng)造成的，并介紹了哪些人類活動(dòng)會(huì)造成地震。25．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線短語(yǔ)句中“pastseismic(地震的)activity(過(guò)去的地震活動(dòng))”和“tohumanactions(人類行為)”可知，or前后的“faultlines”和“pastseismic(地震的)activity”為選擇關(guān)系，由此可知，“faultlines”指的也是一些容易發(fā)生地震的地區(qū)，即一些科學(xué)家將地震的增加歸因于人類活動(dòng)，特別是在那些不太可能發(fā)生或沒(méi)有地震史的地區(qū)，故選D。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Ascompaniesdrilldeeperanddeeperbelowtheearth’ssurfacetogetnaturalresources,holesleftbehindusuallycauseinstability(不穩(wěn)固)whichleadstoearthquakes.(隨著公司在地表下鉆得越來(lái)越深以獲取自然資源，留下的洞通常會(huì)造成不穩(wěn)定，從而導(dǎo)致地震)”和“Inthisprocess,water,sandandchemicalsarepressedundergroundunderhighpressuretobreakrockstoreleasenaturalresources.(在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，水、沙子和化學(xué)物質(zhì)在高壓下被壓入地下，以破壞巖石，釋放自然資源)”可知，采礦和石油生產(chǎn)的共同點(diǎn)在于它們破壞了巖石的穩(wěn)定性。故選B。27．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Thereisnodoubtthathumanactivitieshavecontributedalottosocialandeconomicdevelopment,butforourownbenefit,wehumanshadbetternotpushnaturetoohard,orwewillhavetopayaprice.(毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，人類活動(dòng)對(duì)社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展做出了很大的貢獻(xiàn)，但是為了我們自己的利益，我們?nèi)祟愖詈貌灰炎匀槐频锰o，否則我們將不得不付出代價(jià))”可知，作者既說(shuō)明人類活動(dòng)的好，也說(shuō)了人類活動(dòng)不好，因此作者對(duì)人類活動(dòng)的態(tài)度是客觀的，故選A。28．主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第二段關(guān)鍵句“Scientistshaveconfirmedover700placeswherehumanactivitieshavecausedearthquakesoverthelastcentury.(在過(guò)去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)確認(rèn)了700多個(gè)人類活動(dòng)引發(fā)地震的地方)”可知，本文主要介紹的是一些地震是人類活動(dòng)造成的，并介紹了哪些人類活動(dòng)會(huì)造成地震，B選項(xiàng)“Humansareresponsibleforcertainearthquakes.(人類對(duì)某些地震負(fù)有責(zé)任)”能夠概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選B。Ⅳ.完形填空29．A30．D31．A32．C33．B34．A35．B36．D37．B38．D39．C40．A41．C42．D43．C44．B45．C46．B47．A48．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了飛行員布爾斯和他的妻子凱特不顧危險(xiǎn)，駕駛直升飛機(jī)搶救被洪水圍困的人的故事。29．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：飛行員布爾斯和他的妻子凱特在從納什維爾機(jī)場(chǎng)回家的路上接到了一個(gè)陌生人打來(lái)的緊急電話。A.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；B.until直到；C.after在……之后；D.while然而。bedoing…when…正在做某事的時(shí)候，突然……。根據(jù)“PilotsBoersandhiswife,Kate,wereheadinghomefromtheNashvilleairport”可知，布爾斯和他的妻子凱特在回家的路上突然接到了一個(gè)陌生人打來(lái)的緊急電話。故選A。30．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：打電話的人說(shuō)，在距離納什維爾60英里的韋弗，她的兄弟們被不斷上漲的洪水困在屋頂上。A.punished懲罰；B.eased減輕；C.discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.trapped陷入（困境）。根據(jù)“ontheirroofbyrisingfloodwatersinWaver,”及下文可知，因?yàn)楹樗蠞q而困在屋頂上。故選D。31．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：絕望中，打電話的人懇求布爾斯救救她的親人。A.Desperate絕望的；B.Moody易怒的；C.Ambitious有雄心的；D.Generous慷慨的。根據(jù)“Thecallersaidherbrotherswere___2___ontheirroofbyrisingfloodwatersinWaver,60milesfromNashville.”可知，因?yàn)橛H人被洪水所困，打電話的人處于絕望中。故選A。32．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：絕望中，打電話的人懇求布爾斯救救她的親人。A.oppose反對(duì)；B.forgive原諒；C.rescue營(yíng)救；D.drag拖。根據(jù)“whenprofessionalrescueteams____17____.”可知，打電話的人懇求布爾斯救救她被洪水所困的親人。故選C。33．考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管看到了烏云，布爾斯和凱特還是開飛機(jī)回了機(jī)場(chǎng)。A.Until直到；B.Although盡管；C.Because因?yàn)?；D.Before在……之前。根據(jù)“BoersandKatedrovebacktotheairport.”可知，盡管看到了烏云，布爾斯和凱特還是開飛機(jī)回機(jī)場(chǎng)準(zhǔn)備去救人。故選B。34．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，他們就飛到了空中，對(duì)即將在韋弗看到的一切毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備。A.unprepared無(wú)準(zhǔn)備的；B.exhausted精疲力竭的；C.satisfied滿意的；D.delighted高興的。根據(jù)“Soon,theywereintheair,”及后文可知，布爾斯和凱特對(duì)營(yíng)救毫無(wú)準(zhǔn)備。故選A。35．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們飛過(guò)山的時(shí)候，下面除了水什么也沒(méi)有，沒(méi)有人能在水里游泳。A.shore岸；B.water水；C.steam蒸汽；D.yard院子。根據(jù)“andnoonecouldswiminthat.”及前文可知，因?yàn)槭呛樗?，所以除了水什么也沒(méi)有。故選B。36．考查固定短語(yǔ)。句意：相反，人們緊緊抓住水中任何不動(dòng)的東西。A.up向上；B.out向外；C.back向后地；D.on向前。固定短語(yǔ)holdon抓住。根據(jù)“anything___9___inthewaterthatdidn’tmove.”可知，洪水中的人們緊緊地抓住東西。故選D。37．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：相反，人們緊緊抓住水中任何不動(dòng)的東西。A.slightly些微地；B.tightly緊緊地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.totally完全。根據(jù)“thatdidn’tmove.”可知，洪水中的人們只有緊緊地抓住不動(dòng)的東西，才能不被洪水沖走。故選B。38．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：洪水還切斷了手機(jī)服務(wù)，這意味著布爾斯無(wú)法用手機(jī)定位他正在尋找的房子。A.cutin切入；插嘴；B.cutdown削減；C.cutback削減；D.cutoff切斷。根據(jù)“meaningBoerscouldn’tusehisphonetolocatethehousehewaslookingfor.”可知，洪水還切斷了手機(jī)服務(wù)。故選D。39．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)布爾斯駕駛飛機(jī)時(shí)，凱特開始在屋頂、橋梁上搜尋人們——任何布爾斯可以讓直升機(jī)降落并讓他們登機(jī)的地方。A.display展示；B.duty責(zé)任；C.board登機(jī)板；機(jī)艙；D.business商業(yè)。onboard登機(jī)、在飛機(jī)上。根據(jù)“Katebegansearchingforpeopleatoproofs,bridges—anywhereBoerscouldlandhishelicopter”可知，飛機(jī)需要在洪水中降落讓洪水中的人們登機(jī)。故選C。40．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他們?cè)谝患疑痰甑奈蓓斏习l(fā)現(xiàn)了四個(gè)人，他們已經(jīng)在那里呆了兩個(gè)小時(shí)。A.spotted發(fā)現(xiàn)；B.released釋放；C.persuaded勸服；D.abandoned拋棄。根據(jù)“fourpeopleontheroofofastorewhohadbeentherefortwohours.”可知，布爾斯和凱特在一家商店的屋頂上發(fā)現(xiàn)了四個(gè)人。故選A。41．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：由于屋頂沒(méi)有地方讓他降落，他不得不降低直升機(jī)，直到它盤旋在水面以上，并嘗試了一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的平衡動(dòng)作，只放下一個(gè)滑塊，同時(shí)祈禱他的旋翼沒(méi)有撞到屋頂。A.guidance指導(dǎo)；B.habitat棲息地；C.place地方；D.pavement人行道。根據(jù)“forhimtoland,”和常識(shí)可知，屋頂上沒(méi)有地方供直升機(jī)降落。故選C。42．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：由于屋頂沒(méi)有地方讓他降落，他不得不降低直升機(jī)，直到它盤旋在水面以上，并嘗試了一個(gè)危險(xiǎn)的平衡動(dòng)作，只放下一個(gè)滑塊，同時(shí)祈禱他的旋翼沒(méi)有撞到屋頂。A.compared比較；B.pretended假裝；C.combined結(jié)合；D.attempted嘗試。根據(jù)“bysettingonlyoneskid(起落橇)downwhileprayinghisrotordidn’thittheroof.”可知，布爾斯嘗試危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)作救被困人員。故選D。43．考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，直升機(jī)因強(qiáng)風(fēng)而搖晃，但布爾斯設(shè)法重新控制了直升機(jī)。A.rebuild重建；B.recover恢復(fù)；C.regain重新獲得（控制）；D.review復(fù)習(xí)。根據(jù)“Suddenly,thehelicoptershookowingtoastrongwind,”可知，因?yàn)閺?qiáng)風(fēng)無(wú)法保持直升機(jī)平衡，但布爾斯設(shè)法重新控制了直升機(jī)的平衡。故選C。44．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：布爾斯和凱特的任務(wù)在開始90分鐘后結(jié)束，當(dāng)時(shí)專業(yè)救援隊(duì)出現(xiàn)了。A.joy歡樂(lè)；B.mission使命；任務(wù)；C.demand要求；D.approach方法。根據(jù)“ended90minutesafteritbegan,”可知，布爾斯和凱特的營(yíng)救任務(wù)持續(xù)了90分鐘。故選B。45．考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：布爾斯和凱特的任務(wù)在開始90分鐘后結(jié)束，當(dāng)時(shí)專業(yè)救援隊(duì)出現(xiàn)了。A.stayedup熬夜；B.brokeup結(jié)束；C.showedup展示；出現(xiàn)；D.dressedup穿上盛裝。根據(jù)“whenprofessionalrescueteams”可知，專業(yè)救援隊(duì)出現(xiàn)了。故選C。46．考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：布爾斯和凱特在救了17個(gè)人之后，幾乎沒(méi)有燃料了。A.sight視力；B.fuel燃料；C.curiosity好奇；D.reach范圍。根據(jù)“afterrescuing17people.”和常識(shí)可知，營(yíng)救了17人之后，直升機(jī)幾乎沒(méi)有燃料了。故選B。47．考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：至于最初聯(lián)系布爾斯的那個(gè)女人，她回電話說(shuō)她的兄弟們也得救了。A.originally原來(lái)；最初；B.constantly不斷地；C.frequently頻繁地；D.occasionally偶爾地。根據(jù)“shecalledbacktosaythatherbrothershadalsobeensaved.”可知，這個(gè)女人是最初聯(lián)系布爾斯的那個(gè)女人。故選A。48．考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管這段經(jīng)歷很可怕，但布爾斯說(shuō)：“說(shuō)實(shí)話，這是值得的?！盇.Boring乏味的；B.Confusing使人困惑的；C.Amusing有趣的；D.Terrifying可怕的。根據(jù)“Boersdidsaid,“Tobehonest,itwasworthwhile.””和常識(shí)可知，這段營(yíng)救經(jīng)歷是很可怕的。故選D。Ⅴ.七選五49．B50．A51．C52．D53．E【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了在特定類型的災(zāi)難中應(yīng)該做的事情，主要是面臨颶風(fēng)、冬季風(fēng)暴和洪水時(shí)的行動(dòng)。49．根據(jù)前文“Theunpredictablenatureofdisastersisstressful.（災(zāi)難的不可預(yù)測(cè)性讓人倍感壓力）”和后文“Here’swhatyoushoulddoinspecifictypesofdisasters.（以下是在特定類型的災(zāi)難中應(yīng)該做的事情）”可知，本段介紹針對(duì)災(zāi)難應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)行動(dòng)這一話題，空處應(yīng)承接前文說(shuō)明這種不可預(yù)測(cè)性帶來(lái)的影響。B項(xiàng)“That’swhyhavinganactionplaninplaceissoimportant.（這就是為什么制定一個(gè)行動(dòng)計(jì)劃是如此重要）”符合語(yǔ)境，其中的“That”指代前文的內(nèi)容。故選B。50．根據(jù)前文“Whenahurricaneisapproaching,peopleinitsdirect