絕密★考試結(jié)束前寧波市2024-2025學(xué)年第二學(xué)期期末九校聯(lián)考高二英語試題本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答第I卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。不能答在本試卷上，否則無效。第I卷第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，每小題1.5分，滿分30分)第一節(jié)：(共5小題；每小題1.5分)下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A.Visitafriend. B.PickupMillie. C.Buysomecrayons.2.Whereprobablyarethespeakers?A.Atabusstop. B.Inacinema. C.Inaconcerthall.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Whattobuy. B.Whentogather. C.Whotoinvite.4.Whoarethespeakers?A.Abossandasecretary.B.Asalespersonandacustomer.C.Aninterviewerandaninterviewee.5.Whatmadethewomandissatisfiedwiththehotel?A.Itwastoocrowded. B.Itprovidedfewdishes. C.Itwastoofarfromthelake.第二節(jié)：(共15小題；每小題1.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatmakestheboyupset?A.Hecan'tgoforapicnic. B.Heistiredofstayingindoors. C.Hefindsonlineclassesdifficult.7.Whenwillthespeakersgoshopping?A.OnFriday. B.OnSaturday. C.OnSunday.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.Whydoesthewomantalktotheman?A.Toofferhimhelp. B.Togethercarcharged. C.Todealwithacomplaint.9.Whatdoesthemanthinkofelectriccars?A.They'reinconvenient. B.They'reheavy. C.They'redangerous.10.Whatdoesthemandecidetodointheend?A.Buyagasolinecar. B.Meetthewomannextweek. C.Lookforinformationonline.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。11.WhatisthemainreasonforMark'splantorunaMexicanrestaurant?A.HelovesMexicanfood.B.Hedreamsofbecomingachef.C.Hewantsthelocalstotrydifferentdishes.12.Whatdidthewomandooneyearago?A.ShetraveledwithMark.B.Sheformedaneweatinghabit.C.SheenjoyedspicyfoodinMexico.13.WhatisspecialaboutMark'srestaurant?A.Itsfoodsareallspicy. B.IthasaMexicancook. C.Itoffersoriginaldishes.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。14.Whydoesthemanwanttothrowaparty?A.Toattractinvestment.B.Toexpressgratitudetoaclient.C.Tocelebratethecompany'sanniversary.15.Howlongisthepartysupposedtolast?A.Fortwohours. B.Foroneandahalfhours. C.Fortwoandahalfhours.16.Whowillprovidefoodfortheparty?A.Ahotel. B.Arestaurant. C.Allparticipants.17.Whichpartofthepartywillbetotallydecidedbythewoman?A.Thedate. B.Theguestlist. C.Theentertainment.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。18.WherewasDavidborn?A.InWashington. B.InCalifornia. C.InNewYork.19.WhatwasthefirstpicturebookcompletelycreatedbyDavid?A.No,David!B.HowManySpotsDoesaJaguarHave?C.HowGeorgieRadbournSavedBaseball.20.WhomadethegreatestcontributiontoDavid'scareer?A.Hisfather. B.Hismother. C.Hisgrandmother.第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié):(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案。AGlobalYouthSummit2025-CallforDelegatesTheUnitedNationsDepartmentofEconomicandSocialAffairs(UNDESA)invitesapplicantsaged18-25toparticipateinthe10thAnnualGlobalYouthSummitinGeneva,Switzerland.Thisyear'stheme,“InnovationforSustainableCities”,focusesonyouth-ledsolutionstourbanenvironmentalchallenges.ProgramHighlights:·Fullyfunded(coversairfare,accommodation,andmeals)for50selecteddelegatesfromdevelopingcountries.·Partialscholarshipsavailableforparticipantsfromdevelopednations(covers50%ofcosts).·Pre-SummitTraining(July1-5,2025):Onlineworkshopsonpublicspeakingandprojectdesign.QualificationRequirements:·Age18-25(byJune1,2025)·FluencyinEnglish(IELTS6.5/TOEFL90orequivalent)·Priorexperienceincommunityprojectsrelatedtosustainability.ApplicationProcess:·Submittheonlineapplicationform(includea500-wordessayon“ALocalUrbanSustainabilityIssueandYourProposedSolution”).·Providetworeferenceletters(oneacademic,onefromaprojectsupervisor).·Deadline:March15,2025.Latesubmissionswillnotbeconsidered.Post-SummitCommitment:Delegatesmustimplementalocalsustainabilityprojectwithin6monthsandsubmitareporttoUNDESA.21.Whoisqualifiedforfullfinancialsupport?A.A22-year-oldfromKenyawithTOEFL95.B.A20-year-oldfromCanadawithIELTS7.0.C.A24-year-oldfromJapanwithnopriorexperience.D.A17-year-oldfromIndiawithcommunityprojectexperience.22.Whatmustallapplicantsprovide?A.Aprojectreport. B.Avideointroduction.C.Tworeferenceletters. D.Proofofuniversityenrollment.23.Whatisimpliedaboutpost-summitrequirements?A.Reportscanbesubmittedatanytime. B.Onlyselectedcountriesneedtosubmitreports.C.Delegatesmustapplytheirknowledgelocally. D.Delegatesmayignorethemwithoutconsequences.BAtage15,ZhaoYichenghastakenthespeedclimbingcommunitybystormfollowinghistwostunningclimbsof4.68and4.65seconds——unofficiallyfasterthanUSathleteSamWatson’s4.74-secondworldrecordsetatlastyear'sParisOlympics.Zhao'srecord-breakingmomenthappenedduringatrialeventforChina'snationalteamonMarch26.SincetheeventwasnotapprovedbytheInternationalFederationofSportClimbing(IFSC),hisachievementwasnotofficiallyrecognized.Nevertheless,evidentlyZhaohasemergedasoneofChina'smostpromisingspeedclimbers.Bornin2009inSuzhou,Zhao’sjourneywithspeedclimbingbeganatage5,whenafrienddraggedhimtoaclimbinggym.Whatstartedasaweeklyhobbysoonoccupiedhisweekends.By9,hehadalreadywonmedalsatmultipleyouthevents.Afterwinningthe2023IFSCYouthWorldChampionshipsinSeoul,SouthKorea,Zhaohadtochoosebetweenschoolandsports.Atthattime,hewasatopmiddleschoolstudent,buthechosetodedicatefourtoeightyearstospeedclimbingtoseehowfarhecouldgo.InSeptember2023,ZhaojoinedtheShanghaispeedclimbingteam.Duringthe2023-24wintercamp,histimesimprovedfrom5.4secondsto4.99,reachingthe“sub-five”milestone.Hekeptthatstrongmomentuminthe2024season,clocking4.93secondstowinthenationalspeedclimbingchampionshipsinSeptember.Zhaocreditshisquickprogresstoscientifictrainingandactivethinking.Afterhisfirstwintertrainingcampwiththenationalteam,heemergedtransformed.“Theteam’senvironmentpushedmetotrainsmarter.Thenation’sbestclimbersarehere,andeverysessiondemandsyourabsolutebest,”saidZhao.Betweentrainingsessions,Zhaoreadshistorybooks,sci-fistories,andabiographyofbasketballlegendKobeBryant.Whenhecan'tsleep,hewatchesclimbingvideostostudyothers'movements.“Climbingisn'tjustphysical.It'samentalgame.Withoutactivethinking,youcan'treachthetoplevelinanysport,”Zhaosaid.Fornow,agerulesstopZhaofromcompetingininternationalevents,butheseesthedelayasanopportunitytoimprovehisperformance.“Nextyear,I’llcompeteinternationallyinpeakformtostriveforhonorformycountry,”hetoldXinhua.24.WhywereZhaoYicheng'srecord-breakingclimbsnotofficiallyrecognized?A.BecausetheeventwasnotadmittedbytheIFSC.B.Becausehewastooyoungtoqualifyforworldrecords.C.BecausehistimeswereslowerthanSamWatson'srecord.D.Becausehecompetedinanationalchampionshipinstead.25.WhatcanbeinferredaboutZhao'sdecisiontofocusonspeedclimbingoverschool?A.Hewantedtobreakrecordsimmediately.B.Heprioritizedhispassiondespitebeingatopstudent.C.Hisfamilypressuredhimtopursuesportsprofessionally.D.Hestruggledacademicallyandneededanalternativepath.26.WhatcontributetoZhao'srapidimprovementinspeedclimbing?A.Naturaltalentandearlytraining. B.Supportfromhisschoolteachers.C.Internationalcompetitionexperience. D.Scientifictrainingandmentaldiscipline.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeZhaoYicheng?A.committedandambitious B.hardworkingandcreativeC.talentedandself-disciplined D.courageousandstrong-willedCACooper’shawk(鷹)inNewJerseyhasbeenobservedusingasmarturbanhuntingstrategy——usingtrafficsignalsandparkedcarsascovertohuntprey.ZoologistVladimirDinetsfirstnoticedtheyoungraptorataWestOrangecrossingwhensendinghisdaughtertoschool.Overseveraldays,hedocumenteditsuniquetechnique:thehawkwouldwaitforthepedestriancrossingsoundbeforelaunchingattacks.“Itemergedfromthatsmalltree,flewverylowabovethesidewalkalongthelineofcars,madeasharpturn,crossedthestreetbetweenthecars,anddoveontosomethingnearoneofthehouses,”DinetsdescribedinFrontiersinEthology.Thetargetedhousehadresidentswhofrequentlydinedoutdoors,leavingfoodscrapsthatattractedsparrowsanddoves——thehawk'sprey.Cooper'shawksarenaturallystealthyforesthunters,butthisindividualadapteditsstrategiestotheurbanenvironment.Dinetsconducted18observationsthatwinter,notingthehawkonlyhuntedwhenspecificconditionsweremet:thepedestriansignalsounded,creatingalonglineofwaitingcarsforcover.“Theprobabilityofthathappeningbychancewasveryclosetozero,”DinetstoldScienceAlert.Onweekendswithouttrafficorrainydayswhennobirdsgathered,thehawkdidn'thunt.Thepredator'sstrategydemonstratedremarkableforesight.“Thesoundsignalmeantthattheredlightwouldlastlonger,sothequeueofcarswouldprovidecoverfortheentireapproach,”Dinetsexplained.Thehawkwouldflylowbehindvehicles,makea90-degreeturn,andstrikefeedingflocks.ThoughDinetsrarelysawthekills,heoncewitnessedthehawkcarryingasparrowandanothertimeeatingadove.“Thisshowstheabilitytounderstandconnectionsbetweeneventsandtoplanahead,”Dinetssaid.“Theyhaveamentalmapoftheirhuntingareaandknowitintimately.”Fewscientificobservationscapturesuchcomplexraptorbehavior,aswildhawksaredifficulttostudy.Dinetsemphasizedthecognitivedemandsofurbansurvival:“Acityisadangeroushabitatforalargeraptor...theymanagetothrivethere,atleastinpart,bybeingverysmart.”28.Whydidthehawktargettheareanearthehousementionedinthetext?A.Becausecarsparkedtherenevermoved.B.Becausetheresidentsdeliberatelyfedwildbirds.C.Becausethetreesthereprovidedperfecthidingspots.D.Becausefoodremainsleftoutsideattractedsmallerbirds.29.Onwhatconditionswouldthehawkmostprobablylaunchattacks?A.Whencarswerewaitinginalineonrainydays.B.Whenpedestrianscrossedtheroadwithlighttraffic.C.Whenmanybirdsgatheredinatreeacrossthestreet.D.Whenthepedestriansignalssoundedonsunnyweekdays.30.Whatdoesthehawk'sspecifichuntingstrategysuggest?A.Itcannothuntwithouthumanassistance.B.Itusesthenoisetoscarepreyintotheopenair.C.Itconnectsthesoundsignalwithidealhuntingconditions.D.Itregardsthepedestriancrossingsoundasasignalforhunting.31.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleofthearticle?A.Hawksareforcedtohuntinurbanareas B.RaptorsadapthuntingskillstourbansettingsC.Trafficsignalschangehawks'huntingstrategy D.Humanbehaviordisruptswildlife'slivinghabitsDAnewstudysuggeststhat20minutesofsunlightbeforewakingcanhelpfightmorningfatigue(疲憊),offeringapotentialsolutionforthosestrugglingwithlong-termsleepinsufficiency.Whileinadequatesleepposeshealthrisks,simplysleepingmoreisn'talwayspracticaloreffective,asmanystillwakeuptired.ResearchersatOsakaMetropolitanUniversityfoundthatpre-wakingsunlightexposuremayreducefatigue,buildingonpreviousstudiesshowingartificialdawnsimulationcanhelp.However,artificiallightsources,oftenplacedatbedsidelevel,canleadtoinconsistentexposureduetomovementduringsleep.Amorestablealternative?Naturalsunlight,whichisfreelyavailableinmostareas.Forthosewithoutlightpollution,leavingcurtainsopenatnightallowsnaturaldawnlighttoenter.Othersmayusemotorizedcurtainsthatreopenatasetmorningtime.Totestthisapproach,theresearchersconductedacrossoverrandomizedcontrolledtrialwith19universitystudents(ages20–30)whomaintainedregularsleepschedules.Participantssleptinauniversitylabfurnishedlikeabedroom.Allwindowswereshadedexceptforonefacingeast,makingittheonlysourceofnaturallight.Theresearchersinstalledlight-shieldingcurtainsontheeast-facingwindow,plusamotorizeddevicetheycouldsettoopenthecurtainsataspecifictimeeachmorning.Theyusedthissetuptocreatethreesituationsforparticipants:naturallightexposurefor20minutesbeforewaking,naturallightexposurefromdawnuntilwaking,andnonaturallightexposure.Resultsshowedthatbothsunlight-exposedsituationsimprovedalertnessandreducedself-reportedsleepinesscomparedtonolight.However,20minutesofpre-wakingsunlightwasmosteffective,significantlyloweringobjectivesleepiness(measuredviabrainactivity)comparedtotheotherconditions.Theteamsuggestsprolongedexposurefromdawnmaydisruptsleepbyprovidingtoomuchlighttoosoon.DaisukeMatsushita,alivingenvironmentdesignscientistinvolvedinthestudy,hopesfutureresearchwilloptimizenaturallightexposureforbetterwakefulness,accountingforseasonalanddailyvariations.Thiscouldleadtomorecomfortableandenergizingmornings.32.Whyisartificialdawnsimulationsometimesineffectiveinreducingmorningfatigue?A.Becauseitrequiresexpensiveequipment.B.Becauseitcannotmimicnaturalsunlightaccurately.C.Becauseitonlyworksinareaswithoutlightpollution.D.Becauseitmaybeinterruptedbytheusers'movement.33.Theword“l(fā)ight-shielding”inparagraph4canprobablybereplacedby.A.light-emitting B.light-blockingC.light-reflecting D.light-absorbing34.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudy?A.Onlythewindowfacingsouthletlightin.B.Nolightexposureimprovedsleepingquality.C.Participantswererequiredtosleepinthreesituations.D.Twosunlight-exposedmethodswereequallyeffective.35.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Motorizedcurtainscanimprovesleepquality.B.Peopleshouldsleeplongertofightmorningfatigue.C.Exposuretolightsourcesislikelytosolvesleepproblems.D.20minutesofpre-wakingsunlightmayreducemorningtiredness.第二節(jié)：(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Patternscanbedefinedaspredictableeventsorrecurringresponsestoaspecificsituation.Ourlivesareoftenplayedoutasaseriesofpatterns.36Badhabitsarepatternsofbehaviourthataredeeplywiredintoourlifestylesbecauseofconstantrepetition.Thesehabitsmayincludemoreharmlessonessuchaseatingloudlyordumpingyourshoesonthefloorinsteadofputtingtheminthecloset;themoremoderateonesincludeprocrastination(拖延)andgossiping;andthemoreinsidiousonessuchasgaming,drug,alcoholicaddiction.37Theadultbraincancreatenewneurons(神經(jīng)元)aswellastrimandchangeexistingneuralpathways.Rewiringourbrainstobreakpatternsispossible.38Povertycomeswithahostofproblemsandthiselephantintheroomcannotbeignored.Thereisnosilverbullettothiscomplexproblem,butthankfully,therearealwaysrags-to-richesstoriestoshowusitispossibleandnecessarytobreakthepatternsofpoverty.Arguably,therearepatternsthatarebeneficialtoourlivessuchasanexerciseorstudyroutine.39However,patternscreatepredictableresultsandwhenwechoosetokeeptooutdatedpatterns,welimitourselvestoanexpectedoutcome.40Ifthestudyroutineonehasbeenfollowingisnotinspiringanddoesnothelponetoachievehisorhergoals,isn'titbettertodiscardit?JamesDyson,theinventorofthefirstbaglessvacuumcleaner,madenofewerthan5,000changestohisinnovationbeforehegotitright.Iffollowingapatternofdoingthingsleadsustofailureandstagnation(停滯),itisbettertodisruptthepatternthancontinuewithit.A.Weneedtoputanendtothem.B.Weshouldcertainlykeepthem.C.Thecycleofpovertyisapatternthatexistsworldwide.D.Itsometimesresultsinasacrificeofgrowthandcreativity.E.Breakingthesepatternsofbehaviouriskeytoendingthehabit.F.Itisoftennoteasytobreakapatternthathasbeenrootedinapersonorinasystem.G.Mostofusarestuckinsidecertainpatterns,someofwhicharebetterbrokenthancontinued.第三部分：語言應(yīng)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)：(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從文后所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenClara'sgrandmotherpassedaway,sheleftClaraanoldpianointheattic.Clara,whopreferredmoderngadgets,initiallyfoundthegift41.Butwhenshe42thedust-coveredkeysonerainyafternoon,somethingmagicalhappened.Asherfingerstouchedthekeys,a43memorysurfaced-hergrandmothersinging“MoonRiver”whilelittleClarasatonherlap.Thepiano,sherealized,wasn'ta(n)44pieceoffurniture;itwasa(n)45oftheirbond.Determinedtorestoreit,Clarafoundsheetmusichiddeninsidethebench.Thefirstpagehada46note:“FormyClara,whowillplaywhenInolongercan.”Tears47hervisionasshebegantoplayclumsily.Overthenextmonths,Clarapracticeddaily.Themoresheplayed,themoreshefelthergrandmother's48.Onwhatwouldhavebeenhergrandmother's80thbirthday,Clara49asmallconcertatanursinghome.Whensheplayedtheirsong,severalelderlyresidents50alongsoftly.Afterward,awomanapproachedClara.“Yourplayingremindedmeofmymother,”shesaid,51Clara’shands.Atthatmoment,Claraunderstood-musiccould52generationsjustaslovedoes.Now,Clarateacheschildrenpianoonthatveryinstrument.Shealwaysstartswith“MoonRiver”,tellingthem:“Somesongsaren'tjustmelodies;they're53waitingtobe54.”Andwhenthechildrenplay,theatticpianoshinesasifithasfinallyfoundits55.41.A.disappointing B.fascinating C.confusing D.exciting42.A.wiped B.cleaned C.polished D.struck43.A.vivid B.broken C.false D.painful44.A.expensive B.useless C.antique D.massive45.A.burden B.symbol C.result D.obligation46.A.printed B.faded C.official D.typed47.A.failed B.improved C.blurred D.filled48.A.criticism B.absence C.patience D.presence49.A.attended B.recorded C.canceled D.organized50.A.danced B.hummed C.cried D.listened51.A.shaking B.examining C.squeezing D.releasing52.A.connect B.separate C.honor D.distinguish53.A.stories B.secrets C.lessons D.histories54.A.written B.created C.shared D.forgotten55.A.tune B.home C.voice D.owner第II卷第二節(jié)：(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Forthousandsofyears,civilizationsallovertheworldhaveusedmusictohealpeople.Butit'sonlyinthelastfewyearsthatscientists56(begin)todiscoverwhyitworks.Whenwelistentomusicalmosteverypartofthebrainlightsup-fromtheareasthatcontrolmovementandmemory57thosethatprocesslanguageandemotion.It'slike58(set)afireworkoffinsideourheads.Inthesamewaythatbodybuildersgrowbigmusclesfromworkingoutatthegym,themoreweuseapartofourbrain,the59(strong)itbecomes.Modernmusictherapistsusethisknowledgetoexercise60(damage)partsofthebrainthatarenot61(access)inanyotherway.Listeningtotherhythmofmusicturnsonmovementareasofthebrain,62helpspeoplewithParkinson'sdiseasebecomemoremobile.Singing63(activate)languageareas64isusedtohelpstrokevictimslearntotalkagain.Theemotionalimpactofmusichasevenbeenusedtohelpchildrenwithautismlearntounderstandotherpeople'semotions,helpingthemwithsocialinteractionandself-expressionskills.Bylisteningtoandperformingmusic,peoplecan65(true)rebuildthestructuresoftheirmind.第四部分：寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)：(滿分15分)66.假定你是李華，上周五你校舉行了高二英語配音(dubbing)比賽，請你就此事向校報(bào)英文欄目寫一篇報(bào)道，內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：1.賽事經(jīng)過：2.賽事反響。注意：1.字?jǐn)?shù)80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，使行文連貫。第二節(jié)：滿分(25分)67.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Inartclass,myfriendMarianaandIhadexploredvariouscreativetechniquesthroughoutthesemester.Wemadeclaypots,shoeboxcollages(拼貼畫),pencildrawings,andevenpaintingsusingonlysmalldotsofpaint.Eachprojecthelpedusdevelopourartisticskillsindifferentways.Forourfinalassignment,Ms.Williamshandedoutspecialartkits.“You’lleachpaintaportraitofsomeoneimportanttoyou,”sheexplained.Thekitscontainedsmallcanvases,setsofvibrantpaints,andtwofoambrushes(海綿刷).”Feelfreetoexpressyourselfinanystyleyouchoose,”sheaddedwithanencouragingsmile.MarianaandIexchangedaknowingwinkandimmediatelyknewwhatwewantedtopaint.Aswepackedourkitsafterclass,wecouldbarelycontainourexcitement.“I’mgoingtopaintyouinLeonardodaVinci’sstyle,”ItoldMarianaaswewalkedtoherhouse.Sheimmediatelystruckadramaticpose,crossinghe