U1

PeopleofAchievement

卓有成就的人物physiology/?f?zi??l?d?i/theNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine

諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)physiologist/?f?zi??l?d??st/n.生理學(xué)家

physiological/?f?zi??l?d??k(?)l/adj.生理學(xué)的n.生理學(xué)；生理機(jī)能

[U]artemisinin/?ɑ?t??mi?s?n?n/n.[藥]青蒿素

[U]黃花蒿瘧疾是一種由瘧原蟲引起的蚊媒傳染病，主要通過(guò)受感染的雌性按蚊叮咬傳播。典型“寒戰(zhàn)-高熱-出汗”循環(huán)

頭痛、肌肉酸痛、疲勞，嚴(yán)重時(shí)

可導(dǎo)致貧血、肝脾腫大、腦瘧

（昏迷）甚至死亡。青蒿素聯(lián)合療法（ACTs）——目前最有效的治療方法（屠呦呦的貢獻(xiàn)）。malaria/m??le?ri?/n.瘧疾

[U]crucial/?kru??(?)l/1）

becrucialto/for對(duì)…至關(guān)重要

Winningthiscontractiscrucialtothesuccessofthecompany.2）itiscrucial+that從句

[(should)+V.]……極為重要

Itiscrucialthatwegetthisright.我們把這個(gè)問(wèn)題弄明白是極其重要的。3）playacrucialrole/partin…

在…中起至關(guān)重要的作用Parentsplayacrucialroleinpreparingtheirchildforschool.4)atthecrucialmoment

在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻；在緊要關(guān)頭5)cruciallyadv.至關(guān)重要地adj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的vital/?va?tl/adj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的1）

bevitalto/for對(duì)…至關(guān)重要

Winningthiscontractisvitaltothesuccessofthecompany.2）itisvital+that從句

[(should)+V.]……極為重要

Itisvitalthatwegetthisright.我們把這個(gè)問(wèn)題弄明白是極其重要的。3）playavitalrole/partin…

在…中起至關(guān)重要的作用Parentsplayavitalroleinpreparingtheirchildforschool.4)avitalpersonality

充滿活力的個(gè)性5)vitallyadv.極其；緊要地；生死攸關(guān)地①Asweallknow,waterisvitalto/forkeepingeverythingalive,without________theworldwouldbeadeadplace.②________isvitalthatyou(should)keepaccuraterecordswhenyouareself---employed.③Theconservationoftropicalforestsis____vitalimportance.which

It

ofExercisescommit/k??m?t/commit-committed-committed1)commityourselftosth./todoingsth.

承諾；保證......

PeoplecommittedthemselvestoworkingonSundays.2)commitacrime犯罪3)commitsuicide自殺4)committedadj.盡心盡力的；堅(jiān)定的；堅(jiān)信的

Theyarecommittedsocialists.他們是堅(jiān)定的社會(huì)主義者。

becommittedtosth./doingsth.

獻(xiàn)身于/致力于(做)某事5)commitmentn.承諾；許諾；保證[C/U]

makeacommitmentto(doing)sth.

承諾(做)某事vt.承諾；保證vi.忠于；全心全意投入①

Borrowersshouldthinkcarefullybeforecommittingthemselves_______takingoutaloan.

②Bothsidescommittedthemselves____________(settle)disputepeacefully.

③Tomisa____________(commit)memberofourfootballteam.

④Amanwhocommittedamistakeanddoesn'tcorrectitis______________(commit)anothermistake.Exercisestotosettlingcommittedcommitting過(guò)而不改，是謂過(guò)矣academy/??k?d?mi/n.研究院;學(xué)會(huì);專科院校

[C]英國(guó)國(guó)家學(xué)術(shù)院ChineseAcademyofSciences

academic/??k??dem?k/adj.學(xué)業(yè)的；學(xué)術(shù)的n.高等院校教師；高?？蒲腥藛T[C]academicyear學(xué)年

Agroupofacademicssaytheycanpredicthousepricesthroughacomputerprogram.一批學(xué)者聲稱，他們可以通過(guò)一種電腦程序預(yù)測(cè)房?jī)r(jià)。

academically

adv.學(xué)業(yè)地；學(xué)術(shù)地Youhavetodowellacademicallytogetintoamedicalschool.objective/?b?d?ekt?v/1)objective=goal;aim;purpose;targetteachingobjectives

教學(xué)目標(biāo)achieveanobjective

達(dá)成一個(gè)目標(biāo)

2)anobjectiveanalysis

客觀的分析

asubjectiveanalysis

主觀的分析

3)objectivelyadv.客觀地

4)objectto(doing)sth反對(duì)(做)某事Manylocalpeopleobjecttothebuildingofthenewairport.n.目標(biāo)；目的[C]

adj.客觀的botanical/b??t?n?k(?)l/adj.植物學(xué)的traditionalbotanicaltreatments

傳統(tǒng)植物療法botany/?b?t?ni/n.植物學(xué)

botanist/?b?t?n?st/n.植物學(xué)家evaluate/??v?ljue?t/vt.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估=assess/??ses/Ourresearchattemptstoevaluatetheeffectivenessofthedifferentdrugs.evaluationn.評(píng)價(jià)；評(píng)估[C/U]

makeanevaluationof

對(duì)……進(jìn)行評(píng)估property/?pr?p?ti/n.性質(zhì)[C];特征[C];財(cái)產(chǎn)[U]1)Let’scomparethephysicalpropertiesofthetwometals.

物理特性2)Be

careful

not

to

damage

other

people’s

property.

3)properadj.adj.合適的;恰當(dāng)?shù)膁istinct/d??st??kt/adj.清晰的；清楚的；有區(qū)別的；確實(shí)的；確切的1)Hisvoicewasquietbuteverywordwasdistinct.

他說(shuō)話聲音不大，但字字清晰。

2)bedistinctfrom

與......截然不同；有區(qū)別Thetwokindsofmusicaredistinctfromeachother.3)BeingtallgaveTonyadistinctadvantage.個(gè)子高給了托尼一個(gè)明顯的優(yōu)勢(shì)。4)distinctionn.區(qū)別

[C]=difference

distinctionsbetweentraditionalandmodernsocieties1)extractfromsweetwormwood青蒿提取物

2)extractfromsth.

摘自......Thefollowingextractistakenfromhernewnovel.下面一段摘自她的新小說(shuō)

3)extractsth.(from...)

：(從......里)提取；提煉；摘錄toextractessentialoilsfromplants從植物中提取香精油extract/?ekstr?kt/

/?k?str?kt/n.提取物[U/C]；摘錄

[C]vt.提?。惶釤?；摘錄；拔出wormwood/?w??mw?d/n.蒿；洋艾

[U]

1)Thewaterwasbubblingandboilingaway.

水在咕嘟咕嘟地沸騰著。

2)Bringthesouptotheboil.把湯煮開(kāi)。

3)boilingpoint

沸點(diǎn)

boilinghot=veryhot熾熱的；很熱的boil/b??l/vt.&vi.(使)沸騰；煮開(kāi)；燒開(kāi)n.沸騰；沸點(diǎn)

gas

[ɡ?s]:n.氣體;汽油

solid[?s?l?d]：n.固體Washinwarmwaterwithliquiddetergent.用液體清潔劑在溫水中清洗。liquidn.液體

[U]adj.液體的；液態(tài)的/?l?kw?d/

1)toobtainadvice/information/permission

獲得忠告/信息/許可2)Theseconditionsnolongerobtain(=apply).這些條件不再適用。obtainvt.(經(jīng)過(guò)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章；習(xí)俗等)存在；流行/?b?te?n/acknowledge/?k?n?l?d?/1)=admitacknowledgedoingsth.承認(rèn)做某事beacknowledged...as...被承認(rèn)......是......≈beacknowledgedtobeHeiswidelyacknowledgedasthebestplayerintheworld.Heiswidelyacknowledgedtobethebestplayerintheworld.普遍認(rèn)為，他是世界最佳球員。2)Igratefullyacknowledgefinancialsupportfromseverallocalbusinesses.我對(duì)本地幾家企業(yè)的資助表示感謝。vt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)；權(quán)威等)；

(公開(kāi))感謝

1)TuYouyouwouldnotacknowledgedefeat.屠呦呦不會(huì)承認(rèn)失敗。

2)anarrowdefeat

惜?。籥heavydefeat

慘敗

3)=beatbeat/defeatsb/單位at...:在某方面打敗某人/單位Hedefeatedthematfootball.defeatn.失??；挫敗

[C/U]vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝/d??fi?t/analyse/ze/??n?la?z/1)Sheanalyzedthemedicaltextsagain.她再次分析了醫(yī)學(xué)文本2)analysis/??n?l?s?s/n.分析

[C]vt.分析apparently/??p?r?ntli/=obviously,clearly

Sheconcludedthatboilingthesweetwormwoodapparentlydestroyeditsmedicalproperties.她得出結(jié)論，將苦艾煮沸顯然會(huì)破壞其藥用特性。

apparent:adj.顯而易見(jiàn)的;明白易懂的;表面上的adv.顯而易見(jiàn)；看來(lái)；顯然substance/?s?bst?ns/

1)Usingalowertemperaturetodrawouttheextract,shefoundasubstancethatworked.她通過(guò)降低溫度提取，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種有效的物質(zhì)。2)Itwasmaliciousgossip,completelywithoutsubstance.這是惡意造謠，完全沒(méi)有事實(shí)根據(jù)。n.物質(zhì)；物品

[C]；

事實(shí)根據(jù)

[U]insist/?n?s?st/1)insistonsth.

堅(jiān)決要求......Weinsistedonarefundofthefullamount.我們堅(jiān)持要求全額退款。

2)insistondoingsth.

執(zhí)意繼續(xù)做......

Theyinsistonplayingtheirmusiclateatnight.

已是深夜，他們卻依然在放音樂(lè)。3)insistthatsb(should)do…堅(jiān)持要求/主張Heinsiststhatshe(should)come.4)insist(that)...

堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為Heinsistedthathewasinnocent.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他是無(wú)辜的。vi.&vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求

Heinsistedthathe___(do)nothingwrongand____________(set)free.

did(should)besetExercises1)Iinsistonyour_______(take)immediateactiontoputthisright.2)Iinsistedthatadoctor_______________(send)forimmediately.3)Janeinsistedthatshe_________(do)nothingwrong.4)Heinsistedthathe___(do)nothingwrongand____________(set)free.

taking(should)besenthaddonedid(should)besetscientific/?sa??n?t?f?k/scientificresearch科學(xué)研究adj.科學(xué)(上)的；關(guān)于科學(xué)的science

科學(xué)scientist

科學(xué)家scientific科學(xué)的scientifically系統(tǒng)地；

合乎科學(xué)地mostly/?m??stli/=mainly;chieflyPassageslikethismostlycontainfacts.像這樣的文章大多包含事實(shí)。adv.主要地；一般地wearandtear/te?(r)/wear--wore--worn

tear--tore--torn

Scientistsneedtoevaluatehowthenewmaterialstandsuptowearandtear(承受磨損)toprovehowvaluableitis.

科學(xué)家們需要評(píng)估這種新材料的耐磨性，以證明它的價(jià)值。(正常使用造成的)磨損；損耗conclusion/k?n?klu??n/1)得出......結(jié)論cometo

draw

reach

getto

arriveat

2)inconclusion

最后；總之3)concludev.斷定，推斷出;完成；達(dá)成concludethat

得出結(jié)論……conclude...from...

從……中推斷……

conclude...with/by...

以……結(jié)束……toconclude

總而言之；最后n.結(jié)論；推論

[C]aconclusion

that...Exercises1)Itcanbe_________(conclude)thatrestaurantkeepersneednot“beoverlyconcernedabout‘bad’tables,”giventhatthey’reprofitable.2)Whenthegroupdiscussionsisnearingitsend,makesuretoconcludeit______animportantpoint.3)Afteracarefulinvestigation,wedrewaconclusion______theirdecisionwaswrong.4)_______conclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.concludedwithInpenicillin/?pen??s?l?n/n.青霉素；盤尼西林ThebooktellsusaboutAlexanderFleming,whodiscoveredpenicilin.flee(fled,fled)/fli?/Afterwards,EinsteinhadtofleeGermany,whereHitlerwasinpower.后來(lái)，愛(ài)因斯坦不得不逃離希特勒掌權(quán)的德國(guó)。迅速離開(kāi)；逃跑circumstance/?s??k?mst?ns/1)under/innocircumstances

無(wú)論如何都不……(位于句首時(shí)句子要部分倒裝)Undernocircumstancesmustasoldierleavehispost.

2)under/inthecircumstances

在這種情況下；既然這樣

3)under/inanycircumstance(s)

在任何情況下Studentsshould

sticktotheirdreamsunderanycircumstances.n.[pl.]條件；環(huán)境；狀況novel/?n?v(?)l/n.(長(zhǎng)篇)小說(shuō)

[C]noveln.(長(zhǎng)篇)小說(shuō)adj.新穎的novelistn.小說(shuō)家fiction

(短篇)小說(shuō)anovelfeatureflow/fl??/1)Shewatchedtheflowofcarsandbusesalongthestreet.她注視著街道上川流不息的小車和巴士。2)Astreamflowedgentlydownintothevalley.一條小溪緩緩地流進(jìn)山谷。n.流；流動(dòng)；流暢；供應(yīng)[U]vi.流；流動(dòng)ABCchart/t?ɑ?t/1)aflowchart

流程圖2)Onedoctorhaschartedadramaticriseinlocalchildhoodasthmasincetheroadwasbuilt.一位醫(yī)生用圖表記錄的方式，說(shuō)明道路建成后當(dāng)?shù)貎和l(fā)病率急劇上升。n.圖表

[C]vt.記錄；制定計(jì)劃found/fa?nd/1)befoundedin

建立于……2)befoundedon/upon建立在……基礎(chǔ)上;(建筑物)建立在……上3)founder

n.創(chuàng)始人;創(chuàng)建者;締造者4)foundation

n.地基;基礎(chǔ);根據(jù)

laya(film/solid)foundationfor...為……打下(堅(jiān)實(shí)的)基礎(chǔ)AdamSmithisconsideredoneofthe_________(found)ofclassicaleconomics.

TsinghuaUniversity,________(found)in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingindividuals.

vt.創(chuàng)建；建立；把......建立在foundersfoundedinfer/?n?f??(r)/infer--inferred--inferred--inferringWhatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?vt.推斷；推定politician/?p?l??t??(?)n/n.從政者；政治家；政客

[C]political[p??l?t?kl]：adj.政治的;黨派的

politics[?p?l?t?ks]：n.政治numerous/?nju?m?r?s/In

a

mall,

there

are

numerous

departments

selling

differentkinds

of

goods.

number

[?n?mb?]：n.數(shù)字;數(shù)目anumberof(+復(fù)數(shù)名):許多Anumberofstudents______(be)fromAmerica.

thenumberof(+復(fù)數(shù)名):......的數(shù)字;......的數(shù)目Thenumberofgirlsinourclass______(be)20.

adj.眾多的；許多的areistheory/?θ??ri/put

the

theory

into

practice

:將理論付諸/用于實(shí)踐

intheory:理論上；按理說(shuō)

Intheory,thesemachinesshouldlastfortenyears.n.理論；學(xué)說(shuō)[C/U]relativity/?rel??t?v?ti/TheTheoryofRelativity:《相對(duì)論》relativeadj.相對(duì)的；有關(guān)系的；成比例的

n.親戚；相關(guān)物

relatevt.敘述；使…有聯(lián)系

berelatedto

與…有關(guān)Itisthoughttoberelatedtofoodconsumption.它被認(rèn)為與食物消費(fèi)有關(guān)。n.相對(duì)論；相對(duì)性formula/?f??mj?l?/E=mc2

Thisisafamousformula.n.公式；方程式；配方genius/?d?i?ni?s/

Einsteinwasnotonlyagenius;hewasacourageousandkindfigurelovedbymanypeople.

haveageniusforsth./doingsth有（做）某事的才能

Hehadageniusformakingpeoplefeelathome.

他有一種能使人感到輕松自在的本領(lǐng)。n.(geniuses)天才[C]；天資；天賦[U]gentle/?d?ent(?)l/ThisgentlegeniuswasborninGermanyon14March1879.gently:adv.溫柔地;溫和地;文靜地Shegentlycroonedalullaby.她輕聲哼唱了一支搖籃曲。adj.溫柔的；文靜的patent/?pe?t(?)nt//?p?t(?)nt/1)applyforapatenton/for

申請(qǐng)......的專利權(quán)

get/obtainapatenton/for

獲得......的專利權(quán)Theyhavegotapatentfortheirresearchresult.2)

apatentapplication專利申請(qǐng)

apatentmedicine

專利藥n.專利；專利證書；獲得專利adj.有專利的；受專利保護(hù)的passion/?p??(?)n/1)haveapassionfor

熱愛(ài);酷愛(ài)2)passionate/?p???n?t/adj.熱誠(chéng)的;狂熱的bepassionateabout

對(duì)……充滿熱情Inadditiontotheirinterestincomputers,theysharedapassion_____music.

Thatwillhelpshowyouknowthefieldyouare__________(passion)about.

n.酷愛(ài)[C]；激情[U]forpassionatedoctorate/?d?kt?r?t/=doctor’sdegreeHecontinuedtostudy,earningadoctorateinphysicsin1905.master’sdegree

碩士學(xué)位

bachelor’sdegree

學(xué)士學(xué)位n.博士學(xué)位

[C]extraordinary/?k?str??d(?)n(?)ri/

Thatsameyear,whichwaslaterrecordedasamiracle(奇跡)yearinscience,hepublishedfourextraordinaryphysicspapers.outstanding,exceptional,remarkableadj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的gradually/?ɡr?d?u?li/Followingthis,hegraduallybecamefamousthroughouttheworldasthenewIsaacNewton.此后，他逐漸聞名全球，被譽(yù)為新一代的艾薩克·牛頓。gradual:adj.逐漸的;逐步的;不陡的stepbystep

逐漸地adv.逐漸地；逐步地photoelectric/?f??t????lektr?k/In1922,hewasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysicsforhisexplanationofthephotoelectriceffect.1922年，他因?qū)怆娦?yīng)的闡釋被授予1921年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。adj.光電的cometopowerCircumstanceschangedin1933,whenHitlercametopowerinGermany.1933年局勢(shì)驟變，希特勒在德國(guó)掌權(quán)。

beinpower:執(zhí)政(開(kāi)始)掌權(quán)；上臺(tái)institute/??nst?tju?t/1)aresearchinstitute

研究所2)institution社會(huì)公共機(jī)構(gòu)；制度；習(xí)俗[C]institute：具體、專業(yè)、中小型機(jī)構(gòu)（尤其是教育/科技領(lǐng)域）。institution：廣義機(jī)構(gòu)或抽象社會(huì)機(jī)制（如金融、習(xí)俗、

大型系統(tǒng)）。

MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)（麻省理工學(xué)院）→

具體實(shí)體Highereducationinstitutions（高等教育機(jī)構(gòu)）→

泛指類別

注：部分場(chǎng)景下二者可互換，但含義側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同，需根據(jù)語(yǔ)境判斷。n.(教育、專業(yè)等)機(jī)構(gòu)；機(jī)構(gòu)建筑

[C]consequence/?k?ns?kw?ns/asaconsequence＝asaresult＝inconsequence因此；結(jié)果Asaconsequence,hehadtofleeGermany.

asaconsequenceof＝asaresultof＝inconsequenceof由于……的緣故beofno/greatconsequence

無(wú)關(guān)緊要/非常重要consequentlyadv.結(jié)果；因此Grandfatherhadsustainedabrokenbackwhileworkinginthemines.Consequently,hespenttherestofhislifeinawheelchair.爺爺在礦上做工時(shí)受了背傷，結(jié)果，他在輪椅上度過(guò)了他的余生。n.后果；結(jié)果takeupapositionHefinallytookupaposition

asaresearcherattheInstituteforAdvancedStudyinPrinceton,USA.最后，他在美國(guó)普林斯頓高等研究院擔(dān)任研究員。擔(dān)任；任職moustachemustache/m??stɑ??//?m?st??/n.上唇的胡子；髭（zī）[C]Hehadathickmoustacheandlongwhitehair,whichsometimesstoodonend