PeriodThreeGrammar&Writing語法感知Ⅰ.完成句子1．(當(dāng)他退役的時(shí)候)attheageof26，hehadwon106goldmedalsinmajorpetitionsacrosstheworld.2．But(即使)hehadwoneverythingitwaspossibletowininhissport，LiNingretiredwiththefeelingthathehadfailed.3．(如果你走進(jìn)任何一個(gè)地方的中學(xué)或者大學(xué)校園)，thechancesareyouwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliar.4．(無論什么時(shí)候)Chineseathletesstepoutontothetrackduringthe2008Olympics，theywillbewearingLiNingtracksuits.5．ThemarathonisthefinalOlympicevent(因?yàn)樗徽J(rèn)為是最難的項(xiàng)目)．Ⅱ.句型轉(zhuǎn)換1．Nomatterwhoyouare，Iwon’topenthedoor.→youare，Iwon’topenthedoor.2．Untilyouagreetodowhatwesay，wewillnothavedirectcontactswithyou.→Notuntilyouagreetodowhatwesaydirectcontactswithyou.3．Thestormhadnosoonerstartedthanallthelightswentout.→Nosoonerthanallthelightswentout.4．Hefeltathrilltheverymomenthegotintothetheatre.→Hefeltathrillhegotintothetheatre.5．WelearnEnglishhardbecauseitisbeingwidelyusedatpresent.→ItisEnglishisbeingwidelyusedatpresentwelearnithard.語法精析狀語從句也稱為副詞性從句，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等。狀語從句放在主句之前時(shí)，常用逗號分開；放在主句之后，一般不用逗號。狀語從句按其意義和作用，可分為時(shí)間狀語從句、地點(diǎn)狀語從句、條件狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、目的狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、方式狀語從句、比較狀語從句等。本模塊復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句。一、時(shí)間狀語從句常用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的詞有：when，whenever，as，while，before，after，since，until/till，assoonas，immediately，themoment等。1．when，while和as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(1)when“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同步發(fā)生，也可有先后；從句中的動(dòng)詞可以用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可以用終止性動(dòng)詞。Itwassnowingwhenwegottotheairport.我們到達(dá)機(jī)場時(shí)，天正下著雪。(同時(shí)發(fā)生)Hewenthomewhenhehadfinishedhishomework.做完作業(yè)后他回家了。(先后發(fā)生)(2)while“與……同時(shí)，在……期間”，while引導(dǎo)的從句中動(dòng)詞常為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞。PleasebequietwhileI’mtalkingtoyou.我和你說話時(shí)，請保持安靜。(3)as“當(dāng)……時(shí)”(＝atthesametime)不指先后，指動(dòng)作或事件同時(shí)發(fā)生，還可說明兩種正在發(fā)展或變化的情況。Wealwayssingaswewalk.我們總是邊走邊唱。AsIgetolder，Igetmoreoptimistic.隨著年齡的增長，我變得更樂觀。2．before和since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句(1)若表達(dá)“還未……就……”“不到……就……”“……才……”“趁還來得及”時(shí)，需用連詞before。Hehadputthebrokenvaseawaybeforehismothercameback.他趁媽媽還沒回來就把打碎的花瓶收拾好了。(2)Itwillbe＋時(shí)間段＋beforesb.do/does“多久之后才……”。Itwillbe3daysbeforeourmanagersignstheagreement.要過三天后經(jīng)理才簽?zāi)欠輩f(xié)議。(3)since從句的謂語動(dòng)詞一般是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性的或者是表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。since從句的時(shí)態(tài)通常是一般過去時(shí)，主句的時(shí)態(tài)則通常是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。HehaswrittentomefrequentlysinceIgotsick.自從我病了以后，他經(jīng)常給我寫信。(4)在“Itis＋時(shí)間段＋since從句”句型中，時(shí)間的計(jì)算一律從since從句的動(dòng)作完成或狀態(tài)結(jié)束時(shí)算起。Itishalfayearsinceshewasinourclass.她離開我們班有半年了。Itisthreeyearssincehesmoked.他戒煙有三年了。3．till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句主句的謂語動(dòng)詞如果是延續(xù)性的，主句常用肯定形式，意為“一直到……”，表示主句的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到until所表示的時(shí)間為止；如果是非延續(xù)性的，主句常用否定形式，意為“直到……才……”。Iwaitedtill/until9：00.我一直等到9點(diǎn)鐘。(wait為延續(xù)性動(dòng)作)Ididn’tgotobeduntil/tillmyfathercameback.我直到父親回來才上床睡覺。(gotobed為非延續(xù)性動(dòng)作)注意(1)在not...until...結(jié)構(gòu)中notuntil位于句首時(shí)主句用部分倒裝。NotuntilrecentlydidIknowwhathehaddone.直到最近我才知道他所做的事。(2)在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，強(qiáng)調(diào)until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，常把not提前，構(gòu)成tuntil...that...til...that...。Itwasn’tuntil11o’clockthathereturnedhome.直到11點(diǎn)他才回家。4．a(chǎn)ssoonas...，hardly...when...，nosooner...than...一……就……若把表示否定含義的副詞hardly/nosooner等放在句首，它們所在的主句要部分倒裝，且主句要用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)。Hardlyhadhearrivedwhenitbegantorain.＝Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanitbegantorain.他剛到天就開始下雨了。5．表示“一……就……”的一些副詞有：immediately，instantly，directly等。Immediatelythebellrang，theboysrushedout.鈴一響，男孩子們就沖出去了。6．一些表示時(shí)間的名詞詞組，如themoment，eachtime，everytime，thefirsttime，thelasttime，nexttime，theminute，theinstant等也可以用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，起連詞的作用。Everytimehecame，hewouldbringmegoodnews.他每一次來，都會(huì)給我?guī)砗孟ⅰhefirsttimeIwenttoMountTai，Iwasveryhappy.第一次去泰山，我非常高興。[題組訓(xùn)練1](1)用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空①Wedidn’tdiscusstheproblemhecameback.②IhaveheardalotofgoodthingsaboutyouIcamebackfromabroad.③Youmustlearntoconsultyourfeelingsandyourreasonyoureachanydecision.④HesmiledpolitelyMaryapologizedforherdrunkenfriends.(2)單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)①Nosoonerhavethebellrungthanthestudentsquieteddown.②OneFriday，wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawayasmydaughterheardcriesforhelp.③Theboyburstintotearsimmediatehesawhismother.二、條件狀語從句條件狀語從句是由if，once，as/solongas，unless，onconditionthat，incase等引導(dǎo)的。在條件狀語從句中，通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)表示過去將來時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示將來完成時(shí)。1．if和unless是最常用的條件狀語從句連接詞，unless在意義上等于if...not...，并且語氣較強(qiáng)。if可用于虛擬條件句。YouwillimproveyouroralEnglishifyoukeeponpractising.如果你堅(jiān)持練習(xí)的話，你將會(huì)提高你的英語口語。Unlesshestudieshard，hewillneverpasstheexamination.他如果不努力學(xué)習(xí)，就永遠(yuǎn)不能考及格。2．incase后接一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)或包含should的從句，為主句的動(dòng)作提供理由。Don’tgoouttomorrowmorningincaseMr.Lishouldetovisityou.明天上午不要出去以防李先生來拜訪你。[題組訓(xùn)練2]用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空(1)Hehadhiscamerareadyhesawsomethingthatwouldmakeagoodpicture.(2)Don’taskmetoexplainyoureallydon’tunderstand.(3)youdonotlearntothinkwhenyouareyoung，youmayneverlearn.(4)youmakeyourlist，youmuststicktoit.(5)Whicheverbookshelikeswillbegiventohershehelpscleanthebookshelf.三、讓步狀語從句讓步狀語從句由although(though)，as，evenif/though，however，whatever，nomatterwho等詞引導(dǎo)。1．a(chǎn)lthough和though意義一樣，意為“雖然，即使”，表示讓步，一般可換用，只是although語氣較重，大多置于句首。although/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，主句中不可出現(xiàn)but。同時(shí)although不可當(dāng)副詞用，而though可以。Theyaregenerousthough/althoughtheyarepoor.雖然他們很窮，但他們很慷慨。2．whatever，however和nomatterwhat/how這兩種形式都可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意義無差別。Whatever(Nomatterwhat)happens，wewillnotchangeourminds.無論發(fā)生什么事，我們都不會(huì)改變想法。Howeverdifficult(Nomatterhowdifficult)theworkis，wewilltryourbesttofinishitintime.無論工作多么困難，我們都要盡全力及時(shí)完成。3．形容詞/副詞/名詞/動(dòng)詞/分詞＋as/though可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。Youngas/thoughheis，heknowsalotaboutlife.盡管他很小，但他對生活懂得挺多。注意(1)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，動(dòng)詞或現(xiàn)在分詞放在句首，謂語要加助動(dòng)詞do，does，did或will等；作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞置于句首時(shí)，其前不加冠詞。Hardasshetried，shefailedtopasstheexam.盡管她努力了，但還是沒有通過考試。Failashedid，hewouldnevergiveup.盡管失敗了，他也絕不會(huì)放棄。Intelligentstudentasheis，hedoesn’tstudyhard.盡管他是個(gè)聰明的學(xué)生，但他不努力學(xué)習(xí)。(2)though引導(dǎo)的從句也可像as引導(dǎo)的從句一樣使用倒裝語序，但是although引導(dǎo)的從句只能用正常語序。4．whether引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句Whetheryougoornot，Iwillgotovisitmyteachers.不管你去不去，我都要去看望我的老師。5．while也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，突出對比主句和從句所表示的兩種情況。一般要位于句首。Whileheisyoung，heisexperienced.他雖然年輕，卻有經(jīng)驗(yàn)。[題組訓(xùn)練3]用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空(1)volleyballishermainfocus，she’salsogoodatbasketball.(2)FrankinsistedthathewasnotasleepIhadgreatdifficultyinwakinghimup.(3)Inmyopinion，we’rehomefortheholidays，itdoesn’tmeanwehavetospendallourtimewatchingTVorplayingvideogames.(4)Urgentthemessageis，itisimpossibletosenditthereintime.(5)I’munhappy，itismyfriendwhocheersmeup.(6)youbelieveitornot，it’strue.高考鏈接Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞填空1．somepeoplearemotivatedbyaneedforsuccess，othersaremotivatedbyafearoffailure.(2016·江蘇)2．onlineshoppinghaschangedourlife，notallofitseffectshavebeenpositive.(2016·浙江)3．Mygrandfatherstillplaystennisnowandthen，he’sinhisnineties.(2016·北京)4．theaverageageofthepopulationincreases，therearemoreandmoreoldpeopletocarefor.(2016·天津)5．Overtime，thepopulationgrew，peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.(2016·全國Ⅲ)6．itcried，sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlefortingpats.(2016·四川)7．scientistshavelearnedalotabouttheuniverse，thereismuchwestilldon’tknow.(2015·安徽)8．thedamageisdone，itwilltakemanyyearsforthefarmlandtorecover.(2015·北京)9．Youwon’tfindpapercuttingdifficultyoukeeppracticingit.(2015·北京)10．Itissocoldthatyoucan’tgooutsidefullycoveredinthickclothes.(2015·江蘇)11．Thereisonlyonemoredaytogoyourfavoritemusicgroupplaylive.(2015·四川)12．thejobtakesasignificantamountoftime，moststudentsagreethattheexperienceisworthit.(2015·湖南)Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1．MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeonthefloorafterIwaspackingthemup.(2015·陜西，短文改錯(cuò))2．IfIwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit.(2015·浙江，短文改錯(cuò))3．Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear，butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblem.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))4．Infact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayduringtheycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.(2013·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))5．Intheend，wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereunlesstheroadwasclear.(2012·遼寧，短文改錯(cuò))6．WheneverIam，Iwillalwaysloveyou.(2012·四川，短文改錯(cuò))7．Todealwiththeproblem，Ithink，weshouldfirstgoallouttoplanttreesthoughtreeswillhelpsavewater.(2012·大綱全國Ⅱ，短文改錯(cuò))8．Followingthisexplanation，therewasarapiddropinthenumberofreportedsightings，becausetherateremainedabovethepreviouslevel.(2011·遼寧，短文改錯(cuò))寫作指導(dǎo)通知是一種使用范圍很廣的應(yīng)用文體，分為口頭通知和書面通知。口頭通知比較靈活簡練，所使用的語言具有明顯的口語特征，通俗易懂；書面通知是正式的布告或公告，要求語言規(guī)范、簡潔，表達(dá)正式。書面通知由標(biāo)題、日期、稱呼、正文、落款5部分組成。書面通知多將notice寫在正文上方的正中間位置。發(fā)出通知的人或單位的名稱，一般寫在標(biāo)題的上方或正文后面的右下角；發(fā)出通知的時(shí)間要寫在正文的左下角，也可按書信格式寫在正文的右上角。正文要寫明所做事情的具體時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、概括性內(nèi)容(多為書面通知的首句)、出席對象及有關(guān)注意事項(xiàng)。通知的開頭要交代清楚活動(dòng)的內(nèi)容、對象、時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。必須注意句子之間的安排，使之符合邏輯，條理清晰。口頭通知用詞表達(dá)要注重口語化?？陬^通知的開頭往往有稱呼語(被通知的對象)，如“Boysandgirls”，“Ladiesandgentlemen”，“radesandfriends”等，或用提醒聽眾注意的語句，如“Attention，please！”“Yourattention，please！”“MayIhaveyourattention，please？”等，且多有結(jié)束語，如“Thankyou(forlistening)．”以示禮貌。通知一般有以下幾個(gè)寫作步驟：第一步：明確是書面通知還是口頭通知；第二步：具體闡述通知的內(nèi)容(時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、出席對象和事件)；第三步：提醒注意，要求參加。常用句式1．MayIhave/callyourattention，please?2．Attention，please，everybody!3．Ihaveanannouncementtomake.4．Therewillbeatalkthisafternoon.5．TheStudents’Unionhasdecidedthat...6．Weshallhavealectureon...7．We’llgatherattheschoolgateateighttomorrow.8．Pleasebethereontimeanddon’tbelate.9．Ihopeyoucanhaveagoodtime.10．That’sall.Thankyou.典題示例假定你是學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華。學(xué)校將舉辦一次以“校園生活·創(chuàng)意無限”(InnovationsonCampus)為主題的創(chuàng)意作品展評活動(dòng)。請你根據(jù)以下圖示，以短文形式用英語寫一份書面通知。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2．可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，以使行文連貫；3．開頭及結(jié)尾已為你寫好，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。參考詞匯：校園campus；創(chuàng)意作品innovation；頒獎(jiǎng)prize-giving寫作步驟StepOne審題謀篇寫作要求是根據(jù)要求寫一則通知，寫作時(shí)應(yīng)注意下面幾點(diǎn)：1．確定文體：這是一篇應(yīng)用文，寫作中應(yīng)注意通知的常規(guī)格式。2．主體時(shí)態(tài)：應(yīng)以一般將來時(shí)為主。3．主體人稱：主要是第三人稱。StepTwo聯(lián)想詞匯1．與……有關(guān)2．盡情展示3．隨……一起4．上交5．舉行頒獎(jiǎng)儀式6．錯(cuò)過……的機(jī)會(huì)7．展評StepThree句式升級1．希望你們每個(gè)人都參加這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，因?yàn)檫@項(xiàng)活動(dòng)鼓勵(lì)創(chuàng)新，盡情展示你的DIY技能。(1)WeexpecteveryonetobepartoftheeventandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.(運(yùn)用原因狀語從句)(2)EveryonepartoftheeventandgivesfullplaytoyourDIYskills.(運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語態(tài)和定語從句)2．除了你的精彩的創(chuàng)意作品，你還需要上交一份報(bào)告來解釋你怎樣想到的這種想法以及使用什么材料。(1)Besidesyourwonderfulinnovation，youneedtohandinareport，howtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.(運(yùn)用并列句)(2)Alongwithyourwonderfulinnovation，youneedtohandinareport，(explain)howtheideaoccurstoyouandwhatmaterialsyouuse.(運(yùn)用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語)StepFour連句成篇NoticeAnexcitingevent“InnovationsonCampus”isaroundthecorner.eon，everybody!It’syourshowtime.Students’Union

答案精析語法感知Ⅰ.1.Whenheretired2.eventhough3.Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityanywhere4.Whenever5.becauseitisthoughttobethehardestⅡ.1.Whoever2.will；we；have3.had；the；storm；started4．a(chǎn)s；soon；as5.because；that語法精析題組訓(xùn)練1(1)①until②since③before④as/while/when(2)①Nosoonereq\f(have,had)thebellrungthanthestudentsquieteddown.②OneFriday，wewerepackingtoleaveforaweekendawayeq\f(as,when)mydaughterheardcriesforhelp.③Theboyburstintotearseq\f(immediate,immediately)hesawhismother.題組訓(xùn)練2(1)incase(2)unless(3)If(4)Once(5)as/solongas題組訓(xùn)練3(1)Although/While(2)although/though(3)evenif/though(4)as/though(5)Whenever/Nomatterwhen(6)Whether高考鏈接Ⅰ.1.While/Although/Though2.While/Although/Though3.eventhough4.As5.as/when6.When/If7.Although/Though8.Once9.aslongas10.unless11.before12.While/Although/ThoughⅡ.1.MyonlymistakewasthatIdroppedsomeontheflooreq\f(after,when/while)Iwaspackingthemup.2.eq\f(If,Although/Though)IwasonlyachildwhenIstudiedinthatclassroom，Iwillneverforgetit.3．Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear，but或eq\f(but,yet)wehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblem.4．Infact，heevenscaredmyclassmatesawayeq\f(during,when)theycameovertoplayordohomeworkwithme.5．Intheend，wedrovetoaservicestationandwaitedthereeq\f(unless,until/till)theroadwasclear.6.eq\f(Whenever,Wherever)Iam，Iwillalwa