暑假學習仁愛版英語九年級上冊Unit2SavingtheEarth一、核心詞匯(KeyVocabulary)環(huán)境相關:1.environment/?n?va?r?nm?nt/(n.環(huán)境)7.affect/??fekt/(v.影響)(通常指直接的、產(chǎn)生效果的影響)13.reuse/?ri??ju?z/(v.再利用)2.pollution/p??lu??n/(n.污染)air/water/noise/soilpollution(空氣/水/噪音/土壤污染)8.destroy/d??str??/(v.破壞，毀滅)destruction(n.破壞)14.produce/pr??dju?s/(v.生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)生)product(n.產(chǎn)品)production(n.生產(chǎn))3.pollute/p??lu?t/(v.污染)polluted(adj.被污染的)9.waste/we?st/(n.廢物；v.浪費)wasteful(adj.浪費的)15.prevent/pr??vent/(v.防止，預防)prevention(n.預防)4.protect/pr??tekt/(v.保護)protection(n.保護)10.resource/r??s??s/(n.資源)naturalresources(自然資源)16.improve/?m?pru?v/(v.改善，提高)5.harm/hɑ?m/(n./v.危害)harmful(adj.有害的)harmless(adj.無害的)11.recycle/?ri??sa?kl/(v.回收利用)recycling(n.回收利用)17.scientist/?sa??nt?st/(n.科學家)6.influence/??nflu?ns/(n./v.影響)(通常指較深遠的、潛移默化的影響)12.reduce/r??dju?s/(v.減少)18.research/r??s??t?/(n./v.研究)問題與現(xiàn)象:1.problem/?pr?bl?m/(n.問題)3.result/r??z?lt/(n.結果；v.導致)asaresult(結果)5.change/t?e?nd?/(n./v.改變)2.cause/k??z/(n.原因；v.引起)4.situation/?s?t?u?e??n/(n.情況，形勢)6.health/helθ/(n.健康)healthy(adj.健康的)解決方案與行動:1.action/??k?n/(n.行動)takeaction(采取行動)3.should/??d/(modalv.應該)5.oughtto/???tt?/(modalv.應該)(語氣比should稍強)2.way/we?/(n.方式，方法)4.must/m?st/(modalv.必須)6.duty/?dju?ti/(n.責任)It'sourdutyto...(做...是我們的責任)其他常用詞:1.several/?sevr?l/(adj.幾個，數(shù)個)2.none/n?n/(pron.沒有一個)3.比較級/最高級:worse/w??s/(bad的比較級),worst/w??st/(bad的最高級)詞匯學習建議：按主題分類記憶（如污染類、行動類、問題類）。2.注意動詞、名詞、形容詞形式的變化和聯(lián)系（如pollute→pollution→polluted）。3.制作單詞卡片（紙質或使用App如Anki），利用碎片時間復習。4.嘗試用新單詞造句，結合環(huán)保主題。二、重點句型(KeySentencePatterns)1.描述問題(DescribingProblems):1）Therebe+問題:Thereistoomuchair/water/noisepollution.(存在太多空氣/水/噪音污染。)2）...cause(s)/produce(s)/lead(s)to...Factoriescausealotofpollution.(工廠造成大量污染。)/Burningcoalproducesharmfulgases.(燃燒煤炭產(chǎn)生有害氣體。)/Cuttingdowntreesleadstosoilerosion.(砍伐樹木導致水土流失。)...isharmfulto...Airpollutionisharmfultoourhealth.(空氣污染對我們的健康有害。)...hasabad/greatinfluence/effecton...Pollutionhasabadinfluenceonanimalsandplants.(污染對動植物有不良影響。)Theproblemisthat...Theproblemisthatweareproducingtoomuchwaste.(問題在于我們正在產(chǎn)生太多垃圾。)Itis+adj.+that...Itisterriblethatsomanyanimalsarelosingtheirhomes.(如此多的動物正在失去家園，這太可怕了。)Asaresult,...Manytreesarecutdown.Asaresult,manyanimalslosetheirhomes.(許多樹木被砍伐。結果，許多動物失去了家園。)2.表達影響(ExpressingEffects):1）...make(s)it+adj.+(forsb)todosth...Pollutionmakesitdifficultforustobreathefreshair.(污染使得我們難以呼吸到新鮮空氣。)2）Ifwe...,...will...Ifwedon'tprotecttheenvironment,theearthwillbecomeworse.(如果我們不保護環(huán)境，地球會變得更糟。)3.提出建議/解決方案(GivingSuggestions/Solutions):1）Weshould(not)/ought(not)to/must(not)/hadbetter(not)+V原:Weshouldrecyclepaperandplastic.(我們應該回收紙張和塑料。)/Wemustnotlitter.(我們絕不能亂扔垃圾。)/Weoughttosavewater.(我們應該節(jié)約用水。)/Wehadbetterusepublictransportation.(我們最好使用公共交通。)It's+adj.(+forsb)+todosth:It'simportant(forus)toprotecttheenvironment.(保護環(huán)境（對我們來說）很重要。)It'sourdutytodosth:It'sourdutytosavetheearth.(拯救地球是我們的責任。)Weneedtodosth:Weneedtotakeactionrightnow.(我們需要立即采取行動。)Whynot...?/Whydon'twe/you...?Whynotplantmoretrees?(為什么不種更多的樹呢？)/Whydon'tweusebothsidesofthepaper?(我們?yōu)槭裁床挥眉埖膬擅婺兀?What/Howabout...?Howaboutturningoffthelightswhenweleavearoom?(我們離開房間時關燈怎么樣？)Let's...Let'sstartfromsmallthings.(讓我們從小事做起。)4.表達責任與義務(ExpressingDuty/Obligation):Everyonehasthedutytodosth.(每個人都有責任做某事。)It'severyone'sjobtodosth.(做某事是每個人的工作/職責。)句型學習建議1.理解每個句型的結構和適用場景。2.重點練習提建議的多種表達方式（should,oughtto,whynot,howabout,let's）。3.嘗試將核心詞匯代入句型中進行替換練習。三、核心語法(KeyGrammar)現(xiàn)在完成時(PresentPerfectTense)1.構成(Structure):1）肯定句:主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞(V-ed/V3)I/We/You/Theyhavefinishedthework.(我/我們/你/你們/他們已經(jīng)完成了工作。)He/She/Ithasseenthemovie.(他/她/它已經(jīng)看過那部電影了。)2）否定句:主語+have/has+not(haven't/hasn't)+過去分詞Wehaven't(havenot)visitedBeijingyet.(我們還沒有去過北京。)Shehasn't(hasnot)finishedherhomework.(她還沒完成作業(yè)。)3）一般疑問句:Have/Has+主語+過去分詞...?-Haveyoueatenbreakfast?(你吃早餐了嗎？)-Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven't./-HasTomarrived?(湯姆到了嗎？)-Yes,hehas./No,hehasn't.4）特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞...?Wherehaveyoubeen?(你去哪兒了？)Whathasshedone**?(她做了什么？)2.核心用法(KeyUsages):表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結果。說話者關心的不是動作發(fā)生的時間，而是這個動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系（結果、影響、經(jīng)歷）。Ihavelostmykeys.(我丟了鑰匙。)結果：我現(xiàn)在沒有鑰匙，進不了門。Shehasjustarrived.(她剛到。)結果：她現(xiàn)在在這里。Haveyoufinishedyourreport?(你報告寫完了嗎？)關心現(xiàn)在是否完成。表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)(常與for+時間段,since+時間點連用)。Wehavelivedherefortenyears.(我們在這里住了十年了。)Hehasworkedinthiscompanysince2010.(他從2010年起就在這家公司工作。)表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(常與ever,never,once,twice等連用)。HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?(你去過上海嗎？)Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulsunset.(我從未見過如此美麗的日落。)3.常用時間狀語(CommonTimeAdverbials):already(已經(jīng)，常用于肯定句)，yet(還，已經(jīng)，常用于否定句和疑問句句末)，just(剛剛)，ever(曾經(jīng)，用于疑問句)，never(從不)，before(以前)，recently/lately(最近)，sofar/uptonow(到目前為止)，for+時間段(e.g.,fortwodays,foralongtime)，since+時間點(e.g.,sincelastweek,since1999,sincehecamehere)，inthepast/lastfewyears(在過去的幾年里)4.與一般過去時的區(qū)別(DifferencefromSimplePastTense):現(xiàn)在完成時:強調動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系（結果、影響、持續(xù)、經(jīng)歷）。Ihaveseenthatmovie.(我看過那部電影。)強調我知道內容，有“看過”這個經(jīng)歷。一般過去時:強調動作發(fā)生在過去某個具體時間，與現(xiàn)在沒有明顯聯(lián)系。Isawthatmovielastweek.(我上周看了那部電影。)強調“看”這個動作發(fā)生在上周這個具體時間。語法學習建議：1）核心理解:牢記完成時的核心是“過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系”。2）標志詞:熟記并理解常用時間狀語（already,yet,just,ever,never,for,since）的含義和用法位置。3）動詞過去分詞:務必熟練掌握常見不規(guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞形式（如see-saw-seen,go-went-gone,do-did-done,have-had-had,be-was/were-been,eat-ate-eaten等）。這是使用現(xiàn)在完成時的基礎。4）對比練習:大量做現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時的對比練習，體會它們用法上的本質區(qū)別。5）造句:用現(xiàn)在完成時描述你最近做過的事情（結果/經(jīng)歷）或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)（學了多久英語、住了多久等）。四、知識練習(PracticeExercises)A.詞匯練習(VocabularyPractice)1.根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示填空:1）Thegovernmentistakingactionstop_______thewildanimals.2）Toomuchnoisep_______canmakepeoplesick.3）Weshouldr_______paper,glassandplastictosaveresources.4）It'sourd_______tokeepourcityclean.5）Airpollutionhasabadi_______onpeople'shealth.(影響)6）Wemustn't_______(浪費)water.7）Scientistsaredoingr________onhowtosolvethepollutionproblem.(研究)8）Cuttingdowntrees_______(引起)manyproblems.2.選擇正確的單詞并用其適當形式填空(protect,harm,pollute,improve,resource):1）Weneedtofindwaysto______ourlivingenvironment.2）Oilspillscan______sealifeseriously.3）Water______isabigprobleminsomeareas.4）Forestsareimportantnatural______.5）Lawsaremadeto______endangeredanimals.B.句型練習(SentencePatternPractice)1.將下列句子翻譯成英語:1）亂扔垃圾對環(huán)境有害。(harmful)_______________________________________________________________我們應該節(jié)約用電。(saveelectricity)_______________________________________________________________為什么不乘公共汽車去上學呢？(Whynot...?)_______________________________________________________________保護環(huán)境是我們的責任。(It'sourdutyto...)_______________________________________________________________工廠排放的廢氣導致了嚴重的空氣污染。(cause)_______________________________________________________________2.根據(jù)提示完成句子:1）______________________(太多的汽車)causestrafficjamsandairpollution.(Therebe)2）______________________(如果我們不節(jié)約用水),wewillfaceawatershortageinthefuture.(Ifwe...)3）It'simportant______________________(循環(huán)利用舊書和報紙).(todosth)4）______________________(你最好關掉)theTVifyou'renotwatchingit.(hadbetter)C.語法練習(GrammarPractice)現(xiàn)在完成時1.用所給動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時形式填空:1）I__________(finish)myhomeworkalready.2）She__________(notsee)thatmovieyet.3）__________youever__________(be)totheGreatWall?(Have...been)4）They__________(live)inthiscityforfiveyears.5）Myfather__________(work)inthatfactorysinceheleftschool.6）We__________(justclean)theclassroom.7）__________Tom__________(do)hisproject?-No,notyet.2.選擇for或since填空:1）Hehasbeenateacher______2005.2）Theyhaveknowneachother______tenyears.3）Ihaven'teatenanything______thismorning.4）ShehasstudiedEnglish______alongtime.5）Ithasn'trained______lastmonth.3.用現(xiàn)在完成時或一般過去時填空:1）I__________(buy)anewdictionarylastSunday.2）__________you__________(read)thisbookbefore?3）Mr.Smith__________(come)toChinathreeyearsago.4）We__________(nothear)fromhimsincehemovedtoLondon.5）--WhereisTom?--He__________(go)tothelibrary.6）He__________(go)tothelibraryanhourago.綜合練習(IntegratedPractice)閱讀短文，用括號內單詞的正確形式填空。第一篇：TheDyingForestOurforestisingreatdanger.Inthepasttenyears,people1(cut)downthousandsoftrees.Asaresult,manyanimals2(lose)theirhomes.Theairquality3(become)worsetoobecausetreescleantheair.Lastmonth,scientists4(find)thatthesoilhereisnowpolluted.Chemicalsfromfactories5(enter)thegroundwater.Thisisharmful6ourhealth.Ifwedrinkthiswater,wemaygetsick.Butallhopeisnotlost.Ourschool7(start)aprojectcalled"GreenHope"since2023.We8(plant)over500treessofar.Wealsotellfarmers9(notuse)harmfulchemicals.10iseveryone’sdutytoprotectourforest.Whynotjoinusthisweekend?第二篇：SavingOurOceansPlasticpollution1(be)ahugeproblemforoceans.Seaanimalsoftenmistakeplasticbagsforfood,which2(cause)manydeaths.Sofar,humans3(produce)over8billiontonsofplastic!Wemusttakeaction.First,weought4(reduce)plasticuse.Whynot5(carry)reusablebottles?Second,recycling6(be)everyone’sduty.Myfamily7(recycle)allplasticwasteforthreeyears.8youever9(try)it?Remember:smallchanges10(make)abigdifference!參考答案：詞匯練習1.根據(jù)句意及首字母或漢語提示填空1）protect2)pollution3）reuse4)duty5)influence6)waste7)research8）cause2.選擇正確的單詞并用