1/8SectionⅢUsinglanguage語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目——定語(yǔ)從句(3)“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)境中體悟RowsofsmallcottageswithbeautifulcourtyardscomeintosightwhenonesetsfootonXiaopanvillage,Pan'ancountyofZhejiangProvince.Theyweredevelopedonlocalvillagers'emptyhousesandarenowusedassharedhomestays(家庭住宿)inwhichtouriststothevillagecanlive.Thetouriststowhomthefreshairanduniqueenvironmentareappealingcanpickfreshvegetablesinacommunal(公共的)garden.Thepickingactivitythroughwhichtheycanexperiencelaboraswellaspleasureattractsnotonlyadultsbutchildren.Sincemanyvillagershavevacantruralhouses,localauthoritiescameupwiththeideaofsharedhomestaystohelpimprovetouristexperiencesandincreasefarmerincomeonwhichvillagerscanlivebetter.[語(yǔ)法入門(mén)]1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用whom,其他情況一律用which。2．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞的選用和它與定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞或先行詞的常用搭配有關(guān)，有時(shí)也與句意有關(guān)。學(xué)案中理清一、介詞后關(guān)系代詞的選擇[先感知]①(教材典句)Thisformscloudsfromwhichrainfallsdownontothemountainterracesonceagain.②Aftercomingupwithpossiblesolutions,allclassmateshadanonlinemeetingduringwhichwedecidedonaspecificplan.③ImagineyouhaveafriendinanotherpartofChinawithwhomyoukeepintouchbyemail.[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]上面三句都使用了“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，其中句①和句②的先行詞都是物，根據(jù)句意，須使用“介詞＋__________”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；句③的先行詞是人，根據(jù)句意，須使用“介詞＋________”引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。eq\a\vs4\al([明規(guī)則])定語(yǔ)從句中的介詞有時(shí)可置于關(guān)系代詞之前，形成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。1．直接用于介詞后作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞通常是which和whom，which指物，whom指人。此時(shí)不使用that或who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。2．若介詞用于句末，則關(guān)系代詞which,whom也可換成that,who，或者省略。[對(duì)點(diǎn)練](用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞”填空)①(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)So,whydidhesuddenlyforcemetodosomething________________Iwassuretofail?②WangHong,______________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyedherselfverymuch.③Thankyouforyourhelp,________________wecouldn'thavefinishedthetaskontime.④Chinaisdevelopingsomeprograms______________thepubliccantakepart.二、“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選用[先感知]①(教材典句)Althoughmoderntechnologycouldhelpproducemorecrops,theseterracesstillmeanalottothelocalpeopleforwhomtraditionsholdmuchvalue.②ThisisthemantowhomIreferred.③Thisisthesubjectaboutwhichwehavetalkedalot.④I'vereadmanystoriesofhim,ofwhichthisisthemosttouchingone.[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]上面四句中的“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”分別指代的是“forthelocalpeople;refertotheman;aboutthesubject;ofmanystories”，其中，介詞的選用主要根據(jù)與定語(yǔ)從句的__________或__________構(gòu)成的搭配來(lái)選。eq\a\vs4\al([明規(guī)則])1．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”中介詞的選用主要看以下三方面：①先行詞的意義；②從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的固定搭配；③句子的意思。2．當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)含有不可拆分的介詞時(shí)，該介詞不能放在關(guān)系代詞前面。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)有：lookat,lookinto,listento,hearfrom,lookafter,breakinto等。TheoldwomanwhomIamtakingcareofismygrandmother.(takecareof是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，of不能放在whom的前面)我正在照顧的那位老人是我的外婆。[對(duì)點(diǎn)練](用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空)①Thisisthestudent__________whomIboughtabook.②Idon'tknowthereason__________whichthehouseissodirty.③(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Indoingso,I'lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018__________whichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.④Wearelookingforwardtotheday________whichwewillgettogether.⑤Isawsometrees,__________whichtheleaveswereblackbecauseofdisease.三、關(guān)系副詞與“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的轉(zhuǎn)換[先感知]①Beijingistheplacewhere(＝inwhich)hewasborn.②October1isthedaywhen(＝onwhich)hewasborn.③Isthisthereasonwhy(＝forwhich)herefusedouroffer?[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]上面三句中定語(yǔ)從句既可以用__________引導(dǎo)，也可以用相應(yīng)的“介詞＋__________”引導(dǎo)。eq\a\vs4\al([明規(guī)則])1．關(guān)系副詞where或when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞(in/on/at等)＋which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。2．關(guān)系副詞why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能轉(zhuǎn)換成“forwhich”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。[對(duì)點(diǎn)練](把關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換成“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句)①ThedatewhenIjoinedthearmywasOctober12,2020.→Thedate______________IjoinedthearmywasOctober12,2020.②ThehousewhereMarklivedisnowalibrary.→Thehouse______________Marklivedisnowalibrary.③Isthatthereasonwhyshesuddenlychangedhermind?→Isthatthereason______________shesuddenlychangedhermind?四、“代詞/數(shù)詞＋ofwhich/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句[先感知]①(教材典句)Theseterracesalsoprovideaperfectenvironmentforbirdsandfish,someofwhichfeedoninsectsthatcanharmthericecrops.②Hehaslotsofhobbies,oneofwhichisswimming.③Theoldmanhasthreesons,allofwhomcareabouthim.[會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)]上面三句中的定語(yǔ)從句都是由“____________＋ofwhich/whom”引導(dǎo)的，該結(jié)構(gòu)在定語(yǔ)從句中一般作主語(yǔ)。eq\a\vs4\al([明規(guī)則])“數(shù)詞/代詞＋ofwhich/whom”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞指物時(shí)，of后面用關(guān)系代詞which；先行詞指人時(shí)，of后面用關(guān)系代詞whom。[對(duì)點(diǎn)練](用適當(dāng)?shù)摹按~/數(shù)詞＋ofwhich/whom”完成句子)①(2022·浙江6月高考)Thoseroomsareequippedwithmodernelectronicfacilities,__________(所有這些)arelinkedtotheInternet.②Twogirlscametoseethecar,____________________(她們中沒(méi)有一個(gè))likedit.③(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Besides,workinginthegardenseemstohaveacalmingeffectonJaramillo'sspecialeducationstudents,________________(他們中的許多)haveemotionalcontrolissues.④Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,________________(它們中的80%)aresoldabroad.應(yīng)用中融通用適當(dāng)?shù)摹敖樵~＋關(guān)系代詞”完成短文ThefilmPrincessDiariestellsastoryofanAmericanhighschoolgirlwhowokeuponedaytofindthatherfatherwasaking.Beforesheknewshewasaprincess,shewasthemostunpopulargirlinschool.Thingschangedwhensheknewshewasaprincess.Shenolongerhadpeaceattheschool①______________shestudied.Shewasfrightenedbythosewhoonlywantedtomakeafoolofheroruseher.Itturnedoutthattheonlypeople②__________shecoulddependwerethosewhohadalwaysstoodbyherinthedays③______________shewasunpopular.Thereweremanymoments④______________shewantedtorunawayfromthislife,butintheendshewasencouragedbyherfather'sletterandshewasabletoleadthelifeofarealprincess.PrincessDiariesisareallygoodfilm⑤______________onecanlearnalot,isn'tit?一、由聽(tīng)力厚積語(yǔ)料庫(kù)1．______________與……密切相關(guān)2．______________去打獵3．______________由雪或冰做成4．______________一方面5．______________另一方面6．______________確定的，無(wú)疑的7．inthefarnorthofCanada______________8．fromthenearbysea______________9．a(chǎn)lotoffishandmeat______________10．theadvantagetothis______________二、教材錄音材料的發(fā)掘訓(xùn)練1．Whatareigloosmadeof？()A．Wood.B．Snoworice.C．Stones.2．WheredoesMarlygetfood？()A．Thenearbysea.B．Thesupermarket.C．Huntinganimals.3．HowlongisMarly'svillagecompletelydark？()A．For50days.B．Forhalfayear.C．Forthreemonths.4．WhydoesMarlythinktouristsarebeneficialtohervillage？()A．Theybringmoremoneyandjobopportunities.B．Theypollutetheirenvironment.C．Theyofferthemsomefood.三、依據(jù)教材聽(tīng)力完成句子1．Althoughweliveinregularhouses,____________________________________“igloos”whenwegohunting.2．__________________________________________________sothatwecanfightthecold.3．Butthedownsideis__________________________________enoughvegetablesandfruit.4．Theadvantagetothisisthatitbringsmoremoneyandjobopportunities,______________________________________________.5．Onethingisforsure,though：______________________________，ourtraditionswillremainanimportantpartofourlives.四、聽(tīng)說(shuō)交際訓(xùn)練根據(jù)提示，完成下面關(guān)于環(huán)境的對(duì)話。M：Oh!Whatbadweatheritis!It'ssandstorm.W：Yeah!It①________________________________________(和人類(lèi)活動(dòng)密切相關(guān)).Recentyearshaveseensomepeople②____________________(砍伐樹(shù)木)toturnforestsintofields.Asaresult,moredeserthasappeared.M：Weshouldtakeactiontoprotectourenvironmentinwhichwelive.W：Youareright!M：③____________________(一方面),weshoulddevelopeconomytoimprovepeople'slife.Ontheotherhand,itisbetterforustoprotectourenvironmentbyplantingmoretreesandinsistingonenvironment-friendlydevelopment.W：Nomatterhowtheworldchanges,onethingis④______________(肯定的)：Theearthisouronlyhome,soweshould⑤____________________(和它和諧相處)．M：Icannotagreemore!1．Insentence(a),canwereplace“inwhich”with“where”withoutchangingthemeaning?在句子(a)中，我們可以將“inwhich”替換為“where”而不改變其意思嗎？★replacev．以……替換，更換；取代；將……放回原處|用|法|感|知|?Finally,therainstopped,tobereplacedbysnow.終于，雨停了，取而代之的是雪。?(“心理描寫(xiě)”佳句)Thankstothishoneststranger,theinitialself-doubtIhadaboutmydecisiontostudysofarawayfromhomewasreplacedwithhopeandexcitement.多虧了這個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的陌生人，我最初對(duì)我決定遠(yuǎn)離家鄉(xiāng)學(xué)習(xí)的自我懷疑被希望和興奮所取代。?(時(shí)代主題句)KunquOperahasreplacedpopmusicasanindispensablepartofhislife.昆曲取代了流行音樂(lè)，成為他生活中不可或缺的一部分。歸納點(diǎn)撥(1)replace...with/by...用……替換……replacesb.as...替代/取代某人當(dāng)……(2)replacementn.更換，替換聯(lián)想發(fā)散表示“取代，代替”的短語(yǔ)還有：taketheplaceof,takeone'splace,inplaceof,inone'splace,insteadof等。|應(yīng)|用|融|會(huì)|(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Shereplacedherhusband____________thelocaldoctor.②Inthisdigitalage,traditionalteachingmodesarebeingreplaced__________technology-basedones.③Technologybringsusclosertogetherandcanhelpusineverydayliferatherthanreplacingfriends__________screens.(2)替換加黑詞匯④Pleaseputthebooksbackafterreading.＝Please__________thebooksafterreading.2．Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.將它們與下列句子進(jìn)行比較并回答問(wèn)題?！颿omparev．比較，對(duì)比|用|法|感|知|?(“豐富細(xì)節(jié)”佳句)Ourworkcouldbecomparedtoabattlebecausewehadtofinishitinthefollowingtwohours.我們的工作好比一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗，因?yàn)槲覀儽仨氃谝院蟮膬蓚€(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)完成。?However,comparedwithhim,hisfatherwaspatienteventhoughheaskedeven23times.然而，與他相比，他的父親很有耐心，即使他問(wèn)了23次。?(深刻說(shuō)理句)Onlybycomparingourselveswithotherscanweknowtheaspectsweareweakin.只有通過(guò)將自己與他人進(jìn)行比較我們才能知道自己薄弱的方面。eq\a\vs4\al([歸納點(diǎn)撥])(1)compare...to...把……比作……；把……和……相比較compare...with/to...把……和……相比較comparedwith/to與……相比(2)without/beyondcompare無(wú)與倫比(3)comparisonn.比較；對(duì)照bycomparison相比之下incomparisonwith與……相比較|應(yīng)|用|融|會(huì)|(1)單句語(yǔ)法填空①Childrenareoftencompared__________flowers.②Don'tcompareyourdisadvantages________hisadvantages.③By__________(compare),womenliketotellandshare.④Myownproblemsseeminsignificant________(compare)withotherpeople's.(2)句式升級(jí)⑤Whenwe'recomparingourselveswithothers,wetendtorarelyfocusonourownuniqueabilities,orwhatwealreadyhave.→__________________________________，wetendtorarelyfocusonourownuniqueabilities,orwhatwealreadyhave.(用分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)升級(jí))3．Thecoldweathermakesitdifficultforustogrowenoughvegetablesandfruit.寒冷的天氣使我們很難種植足夠的蔬菜和水果。在“make＋it＋adj./n.＋(forsb.)todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，it是形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式?？捎糜诖私Y(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞還有find,think,feel等。?Thesungivesofflightandheat,whichmakesitpossibleforplantstogrow.太陽(yáng)發(fā)出光和熱，這使得植物生長(zhǎng)成為可能。?(2023·全國(guó)乙卷書(shū)面表達(dá))IfounditeasytolearnanewskillwhenIputmyheartinit.我發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)我用心去學(xué)的時(shí)候，學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)新技能是很容易的。?(2024·浙江1月高考寫(xiě)作)Ithinkitagoodideatorunduringthebreakbecauseitcanhavestudentsbreatheinfreshairandfillthemwithenergy.我認(rèn)為在休息時(shí)間跑步是個(gè)好主意，因?yàn)樗梢宰寣W(xué)生呼吸新鮮空氣，讓他們精力充沛?！皟蓪蛹?jí)”學(xué)通用活句式(1)通過(guò)“句式變換”弄明句式結(jié)構(gòu)①I(mǎi)canspeakEnglishfluentlysoIcommunicatewithforeignerseasily.→ThatIcanspeakEnglishfluently__________________________________________.②Ifwemasterthetechnology,wewillusetheInternetmoreeffectively.→Masteringthetechnology__________________________________________________.(2)通過(guò)“句式仿寫(xiě)”做到熟練運(yùn)用③我認(rèn)為被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)L問(wèn)你們國(guó)家是一種莫大的榮幸。I____________________________________visityourcoun