上海市格致中學2025第二學期高三5月英語三模試卷2025.5I.GrammarandSectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagefillintheblankstothepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhenBachMeetsComedy:TheStoryofBachFormanyyears,classicalmusichasbeenaforjokesandlight-heartedfun.Musiciansandcomedianshaveoftenmadefunof(1)_____seriousnessandtraditions.Oneofthecreativeandwell-lovedexamplesofthis(2)_____(be)Bach,afictionalcomposerthatPeterSchickeleinvented.Accordingtotheisthe21standleasttalentedsonofthefamousJohannSebastianBach.Schickelecreatedthischaracter(3)_____(make)funofclassicalmusicinasmartandfunnyPeterSchickelefirstintroducedBachtothepublicin1965duringaconcertatHallinNewSincethen,hehasspentoverfiftyyearsperformingasBachand(4)_____(entertain)audienceswithhismixofmusicandAudiencesenjoy(5)_____Schickeledoeswhenheappearsasaconfusedandsillymusicexpert.musicincludeshumorouspieces(6)_____titles—suchasIphigeniainBrooklynandTheStonedGuest—arebothunusualandamusing.Theseworkscombinerealmusicalskillwithridiculousjokes,sillyinstruments,andunexpectedsounds.showsarealsoknownfortheirsurprises,suchasdramaticentrances.Heonce(7)_____(swing)ontothestageonarope!MostpeopleknowSchickeleforBach,butheisalsoaseriousandtalentedHisrecentBassoonConcerto,(8)_____(release)byOberlinMusic,showshisabilitytowritebeautifulandclevermusic.(9)_____hishumorousworkhasbroughtlaughtertohisseriousmusicshowsadeepunderstandingofcompositionandstyle.PeterSchickele,(10)_____Bach,hascreatedauniqueplaceintheworldofmusic—makingpeoplelaughwhenalsoshowinggreatmusicaltalentand第1頁共14頁SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanneed.A.considerB.fixed-pricedC.higher-endD.indecisionE.logicminorG.practicalH.purchaserevealingJ.sacrificeK.valueThePowerofOpportunityCostsWhileshoppingforfirst(立體聲音響),Ispentanhourdebatingbetweena$1,000Pioneeranda$700Perhapsfearingthatwouldcosthimasale,thesalesmansaid,thinkofitthisway—wouldratherhavetheortheSonyand$300worthofCDs?”TheSony—anditevenclose.newCDsweretoogreata(n)12fortheslightlymoreattractiveAlthoughIknewthepricedifference,Ithoughtofitinofwhatelsethemoneycouldbuyuntilthesalesmanframeditthatoneassumes,asaneconomicstextbookmight,thatconsumersroutinelycalculateopportunitycosts,thisstoryisconsumers14themhasreceivedlittleattentionfromdecisiontheoristsandevenlessfrommarketers.Promotionalmessagesoftenhighlightproductadvantagesorpricedifferences,butspellingoutwhatthosedifferencesmeanin15maybemore13.Alldecisionsinvolveopportunitycosts,buthowpersuasive.A$300differencecanseemsignificantornot,dependingonwhatelseitcouldbespenton.firmssellingcheaperproductsshouldhighlighttheopportunitycostsoftradingup,whilethoseselling16productsmaywanttoavoidthetopic.Buttheidea17thatleadssomeonetochoosesilverovergoldmustbeusedThecouldalsoleadthemtochoose銅)overalsoimportantthatthelostopportunitiesareframedaroundthingsbuyersactually18.Onecampaignonceframedthecostofagovernmentprograminofsnackcakesperpersonperday—a(n)comparisonso19thatitweakenedtheargument.Ontheotherhand,aDeBeersadcleverlyshowedapairofdiamondearringswiththeline“Redo第2頁共14頁thekitchennextsuggestingthatbuyingtheearringswouldonlymeanputtingoff(裝修)foralittlewhile.theearringsmightcostasastheentirekitchenredo,buttheframingmadethe20seemreasonable.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Awomanheldherphoneeagertophotographastrikingbouquet(花束)justafewstepsfirst,shehadtoherwaythroughacrowdofequally21visitors.TheattractionwasBouquetstoArt,ahighly22annualeventatSandeMuseum,nowinits34ththisexhibition,florists(花藝師)createflowerdesignsinspiredbyartworksfromancientsculpturestomodernpaintings.appealingandhighlyshareable,theexhibithasbecomesopopularonsocialmediathatitnowposes23forthemuseum.recentyears,thedereceivedmorethanathousandfeltthatcellphoneshadharmedtheirexperienceoftheexhibit.Institutionsoffineartaroundtheworldfacesimilarproblemsasthedesiretotakephotographsbecomesahuge25formuseums,eventhoughitisalsosomethingthatupsetsoftheirvisitors.Sothede24frompeoplewhorespondedwithadjustment:six-dayrun.26“photofree”hoursduringtheOnecommonconcernintheongoingdebatesovertheofsocialmediaonmuseumcultureisthatpeopleseemtobe27experiencesbecausetheyaresobusycollectingevidenceofthem.AstudypublishedinthejournalPsychologicalSciencesuggeststhereis28tothis;itfoundthatpeoplewhotookphotosofanexhibitratherthansimplyobservingithadaharderrememberingwhattheyButtheissueis29fortheprofessionalsrunningmuseums.Lindawhooverseesmarketingandvisitorexperienceatthedeadmitsthatpeoplewantmuseumstofeelplacesfortakingselfies.Butmanyothersdo,andshebelievesthemuseumdecidewhose30第3頁共14頁forvisitingare“Ifweirrelevant.”31socialmediaandphotos,”shesays,“wemightbecomethisisabattle,signsindicatethatthosewhothisvisittothemuseum,mostpeopleseemedtoacceptthephoto-takingcrazeasthenewnormal.Manypolitelywaitedfortheirturnandoutofother33,evenasvisitorsbumpedintoeachotherincrowdedgalleries.Whenayoungtriedtostepforwardto34thelabelsonthebouquetssherealizedshewasslowingothersdown.Insteadoffeelingannoyed,shefelt35—likeshewasbreakinganunspokenrule.“Ifeltbadblockingphoto,”shesaid.32phoneusehavealreadywon.On21.A.determined22.A.debated23.A.challenges24.A.requests25.A.shiftB.distractedB.competitiveB.solutionsB.photosC.professionalC.anticipatedC.possibilitiesC.complaintsC.headacheD.thoughtfulD.emotionalD.proposalsD.suggestionsD.symbolB.draw26.A.shorteningB.evaluatingC.introducingD.analyzingD.learningfromD.tension27.A.missingoutonB.openingupaboutC.livingthrough28.A.appeal29.A.pressing30.A.chances31.A.promoted32.A.restrict33.A.feedB.truthC.riskB.motivatingB.contextsB.integratedB.supportB.concernsB.designC.complicatedC.themesC.reshapedC.manageC.attentionC.fixD.unresolvedD.reasonsD.bannedD.questionD.shots34.A.readD.discuss35.A.relievedB.guiltyC.peacefulD.curiousSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassagehavejustread.第4頁共14頁(A)1988,AbelardoMorell,aCuban-bornphotographerandtransformedanordinaryclassroominBostonintosomethingHecoveredthewindowswithblackplastic,leavingonlyasmallholeinthematerial.Whathappenednextamazedhisstudents—anupside-downimageoftheworldoutsideappearedonthebackwall,asifbymagic.Peoplewalkingonthestreet,trees,andcarswereallprojectedinsidethedarkenedroom.Thisiscreatedusingadevicecalledacameraobscura,whichmeans“darkroom”inLatin.isoneoftheoldestofimage-making,datingbacktoancienttimes.ArtistsLeonardodaandscientistssuchasAristotlestudiedthisfascinatingphenomenon.Whenlightpassesthroughasmallholeintoadarkspace,itreflectsandprojectstheoutsidescene,buttheimageappearsupsidedown.Thisamazedearlythinkersandeventuallyledtotheinventionofthemoderncamera.Morellwassoinspiredbythereactionsofhisstudentsthathedecidedtotakephotographsoftheimagesinsidethecameraobscura.Aftermanyexperimentsinhishome,includingusinghisbedroomasatestspace,hedevelopedatechniquetocapturethesedreamlikesceneswitharealcamera.Theresultswereamazing.photographsshowedauniquemixoftheoutsideworldlayeredoverordinaryindoorsettings—suchasalivingroomorbedroom—makingthemlookscenesfromaThismomentmarkedthebeginningofanewartisticdirectionforhim.Sincethen,hehascreatedmanypowerfulandcreativeimagesbyturningroomsintocameras.Morelllaterbuiltaportable(可以攜帶的)cameraobscurathatcouldbeusedanywhere—fromrooftopsinNewtodesertlandscapes.Hisgoalistohelppeopleseetheworldinnewways.Bycombiningscience,art,andimagination,hisworkencouragesviewerstopauseandreflectonthebeautyandmysteryofeverydaysurroundings.36.WhathappenedwhenMorellcoveredthewindowsandmadeasmallholeintheclassroom?A.Theoutsideviewappearedinside.B.Theroomfilledwithstrangeshadows.C.TheoutsideviewwasvisiblebutD.Theroomturnedcompletelydarkandquiet.第5頁共14頁37.Theartistsarementionedinparagraph2inorderto_____.A.explainwhofirstupwiththecameraobscuraB.highlightthatideawascompletelyoriginalC.comparemodernphotographywithclassicalartstylesD.showthelonghistoryandartisticvalueofthetechnique38.WhydidMorellcontinuedevelopinghiscameraobscuraphotographyaftertheclassroomexperiment?A.Hisstudents’excitementencouragedhimtoB.Hewantedtosharetheresultswithotherphotographers.C.HisinterestinmakingcreativeimagesamazedhisD.Hewasinvitedtopresenttheprojectinotherclassrooms.39.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofphotos?A.Theyaretakenusingmirrorsandglasssurfaces.B.TheyarechangedwithspecialdigitalC.Theyhighlighthumansettingswithoutanyaddedeffects.D.Theycombinescenesfromdailylifewithprojectedviews.(B)aworldfullofapps,aredesignednotforserioustasks—butforsmallannoyancesandawkwardmoments.Hereareeightunusualappsthatmighthelplaughat,orevenescapefrom,everydaychallenges:D-CIDEPlanningagroupmeal?Onepersonisavegetarian,anotherissensitivetonuts,andsomeonejustwantsaquietspace.inneeds,andthisappfindsarestaurantnearbythatworksforall.uHUHListeningtosomeoneonandonaboutthemselves?onthisapp,anditwillrespondwith“Right!”and“Noway!”socanseemengagedwhiledoingsomethingelsearereallyinterestedin.第6頁共14頁OopsHaSentagrouptextsayingsomethingembarrassing—onlytorealizethepersonmentionedisinthegroup?Thisappsendsafollow-upblamingitonautocorrect.Notinthemoodtorunintoyourneighbororthatoverlychattyclassmate?Thisappletsknowwhenthey’veleftthebuilding.PemaFinderAfriendkeepstextingabouthowsadtheyare,butknowwhattoThisappkind,comfortingquotescansendtohelp.CrowdzLookingforachillplacewithoutloudcrowds?Thisappfindscafésandhangoutswherecanrelaxwithouttoonoise.WhoRaisedUthesoundofsomeoneeatingpopcorn—oranythingelse—makesuncomfortable,thiswhite-noiseappcanhelp.Justputonyourheadphonesandchooseasoundoption—like“Popcorn,”“MacandCheese,”or“Banana”—toblockoutthosedistracting,unpleasanttablenoiseswithcalmingbackgroundsound.NoAppNeedabreakfromscreenthisappon—itblocksallyourotherappsandsimply…doesnothing.toenjoytherealworldagain.40.Whichofthefollowingbestgroupstheappsintotwocategoriesbasedontheirmainpurpose?第7頁共14頁A.Forplanningorhandlingsocialsituations:D-CIDE,Forhandlingemotionalneedsorfocus:PemaFinder,NoAppB.Fornoisecontrolandsensoryrelief:WhoRaisedU,NoAppForcommunicationandsocialmessaging:uHUH,CrowdzC.Forimprovingfocusandorganization:D-CIDE,Forreducingdigitaldistractions:Crowdz,OopsHaD.Forsocialawarenessandmanners:WhoRaisedU,uHUHFormentalhealthandreflection:PemaFinder,Crowdz41.wanttotakeabreakfromsocialmediasocanfeelmorepresentduringtheweekend,whichappwouldbestyourneeds?A.OopsHaB.C.PemaFinderD.NoApp42.WhatfeaturemakestheappWhoRaisedUhelpfulinnoisyeatingenvironments?A.automaticallyblocksmostsoundsintheroom.B.usessound-maskingtocoverupunpleasantnoises.C.playsmusictodistractfromyoursurroundings.D.recordsandreportsloudeaterstotheappTherecenteconomiccrisisshouldhaveresultedinacrisisineconomicsinthedominantideasabouthoweconomieswork.Theleading(宏觀經濟的)modelfailednotonlytopredictthecrisis,butalsoclaimedsuchacrisiscouldn’thappeninmarketswherepeoplemadelogicaldecisions.Policiesbasedonthismodelhelpedcreatetheveryconditionsforthecollapse.Foryears,challengedthisstandardmodelbydevelopingtheorieswhereindividualsactingwithclearjudgmentinteractwithimperfectandincompleteinformation.Theresultshavebeendamagingformuchoftheconventionalwisdom.Forexample,withBruceGreenwald,IshowedthatAdam“invisiblehand”oftenfailedtoguidemarketsefficiently—notbecauseitwashidden,butbecauseitthereatall.Markets第8頁共14頁functionwellwheninformationisincompleteorunevenlyshared,whichisalmostalwaysthecase.withSanfordGrossman,Ithatfinancialmarketsbefullyinpassinginformationfrominformedtouninformedparticipants.theywere,peoplewouldhavenoreasontoseekoutnewinformation.AndwithAndrewIdemonstratedwhycreditrationing—whereborrowersaredeniedloansdespitewillingnesstopayhigherinterest—iscommon.beenexploringhowthese(微觀經濟的)findingsapplytomacroeconomicissuesunemployment,andpoliciesforeconomicThefinancialcrisis,alongwiththefailureofpolicytorestorefullemploymentorrestartlending,makesthisresearchmoreurgentthanBuildinganeweconomicframeworkisahugechallenge.importantpiecesarealreadyinplace.Onecomesfromstudyingmarketfailurescausedbyimperfectinformation.Anotherisbehavioraleconomics,whichexamineshowrealhumanbehaviormatchthepredictionsoftraditionalmodels.Oldeconomicideastendtoevenafterbeingdisproven,simplybecausetheirsupportersstickaround.Butchangeispossible.AtColumbia,weexposestudentstoavarietyofapproaches.ManynowquestionoutdatedtheoriesandaskwhytheyshouldspendtimelearningmodelsthatclearlymatchThisgiveshope.InstitutionstheInstituteforNewEconomicThinking(INET)arehelpingbyofferingresourcesandplatformsthatsupportthisshift.enoughsupport,abettereconomicmodelmayfinallybecome43.WhatdoesthewriterimplyaboutAdamtheoryofthe“invisiblehandA.mightholdtrueinmarketsthatareheavilyregulated.B.ismisleadingasbasedonrarereal-worldconditions.C.remainsinfluentialdespiteofferinglimitedpracticalvalue.D.canbehelpfulforunderstandingcertainmarketdevelopments.第9頁共14頁44.Whichofthefollowingreflectsoneoftheauthor’sfindings?A.Marketsworkwellwhenpeoplelogicaldecisions.B.Creditrationingdisappearswheninterestratesincrease.C.Financialmarketscannotpassinformationtoeveryone.D.Mostmarketsfunctionefficientlywithstrongcompetition.45.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheattitudetowardtheeconomiceducationatColumbia?A.Hebelievesstudentsshowlittleinterestintheoreticaleconomics.B.Hethinksstudentsneedabetterunderstandingofoldeconomicideas.C.Heisworriedthatstudentsarequestioningpopulareconomicmodels.D.Hefeelsoptimisticasstudentsexploreneweconomicperspectives.46.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.economictheoriesneedtoberevisedtoreflecthowmarketsfunction.B.Behavioraleconomicshasbecometheprimaryfocusofteachingintopuniversities.C.Creditrationingisafactorinunderstandinghowfinancialsystemsrespondtocrises.D.Economiccrisescannotbefullyexplainedbyindividuals’poorfinancialchoicesalone.SectionCDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthesentencesgivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanneed.A.Bystudyingthesesuccessfulbusinessleaders,wehopetoprovidehardevidencethattheirsuccessesareduetotheirapproachtoleadership.B.Howdothesebusinessleaderssucceed?C.inthesemodernstylesarestillseenasoptionalorevensoft.D.Nowthatweknowwhoaddedvalue,thenextstepistounderstandhowtheydidit.E.SuccessfulleaderstendtoappearapproachableintheWhyisallthisimportant?第10頁共14頁FindingHard“Soft”LeadershipManagementexpertshavebeenpromotingnewleadershipstylesforawhile.oftensaythattheold“commandandcontrol”approachisoutdated,andthatleadersshouldfocusonsharedleadership,empoweringothers,usingknowledgenetworks,andhelpingpeoplefindmeaningintheirwork.47Whenthepressureison,managersbacktostrict,top-downmethods,showingtheyseenewapproachesasessentialtosuccess.Thisisespeciallytruewhentherearenoclearrolemodels,standards,orguidelinestoSothebigquestionis:Canweprovethat“soft”leadershipactuallyworks?LastcolleaguesMortenHansen,UrsandIusedsoliddatatofindoutwhichCEOshadbroughtthemostvaluetotheircompaniesoverthepasttenyears.measuredthingsyearlychangesinstockreturnsandcompanyvalueduringeachtimein48ournextproject,we’llcombineourdatawithinformationfromothersourcesthattrackmodernleadershipstyles.(Sometoolsalreadytrackbehaviorslinkedtoinnovation,sustainability,andotherpositiveresults.)Bycomparingthisinformation,weaimtofindleadershipstylesthattrulyhelpcompaniessucceed.49Perhapsimportant,theclosestudyoftheircaseswillhelpusdevelopapictureofhowthedifferentvaluestheypursuetogethertoformanewmodelofleadership.50wecanfigureoutwhatgreatleadershiplooksinworld,wemaybeabletopredictwhichleaderswilladdthemostvaluetotheirorganizationsinthecomingdecade.Asmanagementeducators,wemightalsolearnhowbesttodevelopthegenerationofleaderswhowilltakeofourlargest,powerfulcompanies.IV．SummaryWriting:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizeinnomorethan60wordsthemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassage.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.51.CanQuotesBadBehavioratSreedhariDesai,aprofessoroforganizationalconductedaseriesofstudiestoexaminewhethermoralreminders—likequotesaboutintegrity—couldinfluencedecision-makingintheworkplace.herexperiment,participantsweretoldtheycouldearnmoremoneyiftheyconvincedteammatestounknowinglyspreadalie.Whatthey第頁共14頁knowwasthattheother“players”wereactuallyresearchers.Someoftheparticipantsreceivedemailsthatincludedaquoteaboutintegrityinthesignature,whileotherssawneutralornoquotesatall.Thefindingswereeye-opening.Peopleweresignificantlylesslikelytoaskthosewhodisplayedmoralquotestohelpthemwithmorallyquestionableactions.Desaithinksthismightbebecausemoralquotespeoplehesitatetodosomethingwrongaroundsomeonetheyseeasagoodperson.whenthequotesfromteammembersratherthanauthorityfigures,theresultswereevenseemsthatpeerinfluence,especiallywhentiedtomoralmessaging,canbepowerful.follow-upstudies,Desaiexploredwhethersuchquotesimpactedhowpeoplejudgedothers.Evenwhenparticipantsrecalltheexactwordingofamoralquote,theystillratedthesenderasmoreThisimpliesasubconsciousinfluence.Shealsotestedwhethertheseheldoutsidethelab.Surv