PAGEPAGE1考點(diǎn)05介詞和介詞短語高考頻度：★★★★★【命題解讀】介詞在英語中比較活躍，然而在高考中干脆考查介詞的題不是很多，但是介詞卻是考生最簡(jiǎn)潔犯錯(cuò)誤的語法項(xiàng)目之一?！久}預(yù)料】預(yù)料2024年高考對(duì)介詞的考查將不再局限于單個(gè)介詞，將會(huì)更加留意對(duì)介詞固定搭配中的介詞的考查，精細(xì)化考查介詞短語的辨析。在學(xué)習(xí)介詞時(shí)，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)駕馭介詞的基本用法，同時(shí)留意總結(jié)其與名詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等搭配構(gòu)成的短語的意思和用法。【復(fù)習(xí)建議】1.駕馭介詞的常見用法及易混介詞的辨析；2.駕馭介詞與其他詞所構(gòu)成的一些固定短語；3.駕馭在定語從句中介詞的運(yùn)用狀況。介詞的分類分類特點(diǎn)例詞簡(jiǎn)潔介詞即一個(gè)介詞about,across,after,against,among,around,at,below,beyond,during,in,on等等。合成介詞由兩個(gè)介詞構(gòu)成合成詞into,onto,throughout,upon,within短語介詞由短語構(gòu)成accordingto,becauseof,insteadof,upto,dueto,owingto,thanksto等等。雙重介詞由兩個(gè)介詞搭配而成fromamong,frombehind,fromunder,tillafter,inbetween等等。分詞介詞由現(xiàn)在分詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來considering(就……而論),including，regarding，concerning等。兼類介詞由形容詞干脆轉(zhuǎn)化而來like,unlike,near,next,opposite等等?？枷颌俳樵~短語的功能介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中做成份，介詞后必需與名詞、代詞、或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，表示人、物、事務(wù)等與其它人、物、事務(wù)等之間的關(guān)系。介詞短語的功能例句作定語Theydidn’tfindthesolutiontotheproblem.作狀語Wehavebreakfastatseven.（表時(shí)間）Theywerelateforthemeetingbecauseoftheheavyrain.（表緣由）Whatdoyoumeanbydoingsuchathing?（表方法）Nothingintheworldcouldlivewithoutairorwater.（表?xiàng)l件）作表語WhenIpaidavisittoyouyesterday,youwerenotathome.作賓語補(bǔ)足語Ifoundtheoldbuildinginabadcondition.考向②?？冀樵~的辨析介詞是英語中最活躍的詞類之一，運(yùn)用頻率相當(dāng)高，其用法跟冠詞一樣困難。但依據(jù)近年來高考命題的狀況來看，考生須要駕馭以下內(nèi)容。1.表示相同或相像概念的介詞（短語）的區(qū)分表示的概念介詞（短語）區(qū)別例時(shí)間inonatat在一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)上；in在一段的時(shí)間之內(nèi)；on在詳細(xì)日子。①at8o’clock,atnoon②inthe1990s,inJanuary③onMonday,onawarmmorningsincefromsince指從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間，和完成時(shí)連用；from指從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)起先。①Wehavenotseeneachothersince1995.②Ihopetodomorningexercisesfromtoday.in,afterin指在一段時(shí)間之后，也可以指一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)=within；after表示某一詳細(xì)時(shí)間點(diǎn)之后或用在過去時(shí)的一段時(shí)間中。①We’llbebackinthreedays.②Afterseventherainbegantofall.③Whatshallwedoaftergraduation?intheendattheendofbytheendofintheend作＂最終＂、＂最終＂解，單獨(dú)作句子成分，后不接介詞of；attheendof表示＂在……末梢＂，＂到……終點(diǎn)＂，既可指時(shí)間，也可以指地上或物體，不行單獨(dú)運(yùn)用；bytheendof作＂在……結(jié)束時(shí)＂，＂到……末為止＂解，只能指時(shí)間。不行單獨(dú)運(yùn)用。①Intheendtheyreachedaplaceofsafety.②Attheendoftheroadstandsabeautifulgarden.③TheydecidedtohaveanEnglisheveningattheendofthisweek.④Bytheendoflastmonthhehadfinishedthenovel.位置betweenamong一般說來，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。①Youaretositbetweenyourfatherandme.②Heisalwayshappyamonghisclassmates.留意：但有時(shí)說的雖然是三個(gè)以上的人或東西，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是兩兩相互間接關(guān)系時(shí)、在談到一些事物或一組事物，而把它們視為分居兩邊時(shí)以及在談事物間的差別時(shí)，就用between。①Agreementsweremadebetweenthedifferentcountries.②Thelittlevalleyliesbetweenhighmountains.③Theydon’tknowthedifferencebetweenwheat,riceandcoin.inontoin表示在某范圍內(nèi)；on指與什么毗鄰；to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。①ChangchunisinthenortheastofChina.②MongoliaisonthenorthofChina.③JapanistotheeastofChina.oninon只表示在某物的表面上，而用in表示占去某物一部分。①Thereisabookonthepieceofpaper.②Thereisaninterestingarticleinthenewspaper.③Hedugaholeinthewall.inintoin通常表示位置（靜態(tài)）；into表示動(dòng)向，不表示目的地或位置。①Wewalkedinthepark.②Wewalkedintothepark.throughacrossthrough表示從內(nèi)部通過，與in有關(guān)；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過，與on有關(guān)。①Waterflowsthroughthepipe.②Theoldmanwalkedacrossthestreet.inthecorneronthecorneratthecornerinthecorner表示在角落里，in指角的內(nèi)面；onthecorner表示＂在角上＂，on指的不是內(nèi)面，也不是外面，而含內(nèi)外兼有之意；atthecorner指＂在拐角處＂，at指的是拐角外旁邊的外面。①Thelampstandsinthecorneroftheroom.②Imetwithhimatthestreetcorner.③Hesatonthecornerofthetable.除了besidesexceptbutexceptforbesides指＂除了……還有，再加上＂；except指＂除了，減去什么＂，不能放在句首。but與except意思近似，表示＂除了……外＂常常用在no,all,nobody,anywhere,everything等和其他疑問詞后面。exceptfor表示＂如無……就，只是＂表明理由細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)。①Allwentoutbesidesme.②Allwentoutexceptme.③Ineversawhimreadinganythingbutthenewspaper.④Hisdiaryisgoodexceptforafewspellingmistakes.表示的概念構(gòu)成例動(dòng)作（表進(jìn)行概念、表被動(dòng)的關(guān)系）at+名詞atdinner/table在吃飯atwork在工作atwar交戰(zhàn)atcards在玩牌

atwork在辦公atplay

在玩耍

atrest在休息

school在上學(xué)

atpress正在排印atchurch在做禮拜beyond+名詞beyond

belief難以置信

beyond

control不聽管教。beyond

compare無可比擬beyond

description難以形容beyond

expression無法表達(dá)beyond

suspicion無可懷疑in+名詞或in

+名詞+of+名詞inthearmy在當(dāng)兵inneedof須要inaction在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)inprogress在進(jìn)行inoperation在運(yùn)行中in

use

起先運(yùn)用in

sight看得見in

store貯藏著in

course

of

construction正在興建當(dāng)中。in

(good)

repair修理良好的in

course

of

shipment.

定的貨正在運(yùn)輸途中。in

charge

of

負(fù)責(zé)

in

the

charge

of

由……負(fù)責(zé)in

possession

of

擁有

in

the

possession

of

被……擁有on+名詞onbusiness辦事/出差onholiday/vacation/leave在休假onwatch值班onduty值勤/日onguard在值勤onstrike在罷工onsale出售onloan借貸onthemarch在行軍on

trial在試用ontheair在廣播on

fire在燃燒onthemove在移動(dòng)，搬遷，離開on

show/display/exhibition在展出under+名詞undercontrol在限制之中underdiscussion在探討underdevelopment在發(fā)展中underobservation在視察中undertest在被測(cè)試underconstruction在建設(shè)中underfire在炮火中

underexamination在檢查/調(diào)查中underconsideration在考慮中underrepair在修理中under

arrest被逮捕under

attack受到攻擊under

medical

treatment在治療中under

study在探討中其他againstone’sopinion反對(duì)某人的見解forone’sopinion同意某人的見解above

reproach無可指責(zé)，無可非議above

suspicion不受懷疑above

criticism無可指責(zé)atthemercyof在……支配下；任由……擺布for

sale供出售for

rent供出租within

sight看得見1.（2024·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）Favorablepoliciesare___________toencourageemployees'professionaldevelopment.A.ineffect B.incommand C.inturn D.inshape【答案】A【解析】考查介詞短語。句意：好的制度政策事實(shí)上都會(huì)激發(fā)員工的專業(yè)水平的提升。A.ineffect事實(shí)上；B.incommand指揮；C.inturn輪番，依次；D.inshape在外形上，處于良好的狀態(tài)。故選A。2.（2024·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空）Modemmethods___63___trackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensivetoperform(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介詞用法。此處trackingpolarbearpopulations作Modernmethods的定語，用of連接，“methodsofdoingsth.”,意為“……的方法”，構(gòu)成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。或者意為“對(duì)于跟蹤北極熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。3.（2024·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空）Scientistshaverespondedbynoting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusion(錯(cuò)覺)thatpopulationsare___68___(high)thantheyactuallyare.【答案】of/for4.【2024·新課標(biāo)III卷·語法填空】Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack___63___dogs，seventobeexact.【答案】of【解析】考查介詞?！癮packof”意為“一群”。故填of。5.（2024·新課標(biāo)卷I·短文改錯(cuò)）Attheendofourtrip,ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears,heagreed.【答案】刪除for【解析】時(shí)間名詞有every，each，last等詞修飾時(shí)，其前不用介詞。故刪除for。2.常見同一形容詞與不同介詞搭配時(shí)意義上的差別常見形容詞搭配意義absent(be)absentfrom缺席(be)absentin不在這里而在……afraid(be)afraidof擔(dān)憂……(be)afraidfor為……而擔(dān)憂angry(be)angrywithsb.對(duì)某人生氣(be)angryat/aboutsth.因某事而生氣anxious(be)anxiousforsth急于想得到(be)anxiousaboutsth./sb.對(duì)某事/某人擔(dān)憂different(be)differentfrom與……不同(be)differentto不關(guān)切familiar(be)familiarwith精通，熟識(shí)(be)familiarto為……熟知（悉）good(be)goodat擅長(zhǎng)于(be)goodfor對(duì)……有益(be)goodto對(duì)……友好/看法好popular(be)popularwithsb.受……歡迎(be)popularfor因……而流行strict(be)strictwithsb.對(duì)某人要求嚴(yán)格(be)strictinsth.對(duì)某事要求嚴(yán)格3．簡(jiǎn)潔混淆的含有介詞固定搭配的詞組類型舉例差一冠詞，大相徑庭infrontof（在……前面)——inthefrontof（在……前部）inchargeof（負(fù)責(zé)）——inthechargeof（由……負(fù)責(zé)）outofquestion（毫無疑問）——outofthequestion（不行能）attable（在吃飯；在吃飯時(shí)）——atthetable（在桌子旁邊）有無介詞，意義不同knowsb.相識(shí)某人——knowaboutsb.了解某人shootsb.擊中某人——shootatsb.向某人射擊searchsb.搜身——searchforsb.搜尋某人believesb.信任某人的話——believeinsb.信任某人的人格benefitsb.使某人受益——benefitfromsb.從某人那里得到好處畫蛇添足，誤加介詞servethepeople為人民服務(wù)（簡(jiǎn)潔在serve后加for）entertheroom進(jìn)入房間（簡(jiǎn)潔在enter后加into）followme跟在我后面（簡(jiǎn)潔在follow后加behind）marrysb.與某人結(jié)婚（簡(jiǎn)潔在marry后加with）goabroad出國(guó)（簡(jiǎn)潔在go后面加to）liveupstairs住在樓上（簡(jiǎn)潔在live后面加in）母語思維，誤用介詞becaughtintherain被雨淋著（不用by）leaveforsomeplace動(dòng)身去某地（不用to）setanexampletosb.為某人樹立榜樣（不用for）inthedirection朝著……方向（不用to）doafavorforsb.幫某人一個(gè)忙（不用to）differentfrom和……不同（不用with）withthehelpof在……的幫助下（不用under）stealsth.fromsb.偷某人的東西（不用of）readsth.tosb.給（為）……讀（念）……（不用for）【難點(diǎn)釋疑】一、常用介詞辨異1.about，on，of關(guān)于①on多用于慎重的、正式的語言交際場(chǎng)合。常見于＂學(xué)術(shù)上＂的＂論文＂或＂演說＂等題目，可供特地探討這一問題的人閱讀，有＂論及＂之意。②about表示的內(nèi)容多為普遍、不那么正式，有＂述及＂之意。③of作＂關(guān)于＂講，表示提及、涉及某人（事）時(shí)，只表示事情存在或發(fā)生，并不涉及詳情；有時(shí)與about意義相近，但有時(shí)意義很不同，常與動(dòng)詞know、hear、learn（聽說）、speak、talk、think、tell等連用。2.except，exceptfor，exceptthat，but，besides，beside①except＂除……之外＂，指不包括……，后面常接名詞、代詞（人稱代詞常用賓格），還可接介詞短語、副詞和動(dòng)詞不定式，此時(shí)相當(dāng)于but，但不定式常不帶to。②exceptfor＂除了，只有＂，意思和except一樣，主要指說明基本狀況后，而在細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)上加以修正，后面常接名詞性短語。③exceptthat＂除了，只是＂，意思和except、exceptfor一樣。但在用法上，其后常接名詞性從句，也可接when、where等詞引導(dǎo)的其他從句。④but所含＂除……外＂的意思不如except明確。but多用在代詞（主要是不定代詞、否定代詞和疑問代詞）之后。⑤besides表示＂除……外還有＂，所解除的事物常包括在所述范圍之內(nèi)。另外，besides可用作副詞，相當(dāng)于also，有＂而且，加之，何況＂之意。⑥beside也是介詞，表示＂在旁邊＂，只不過形似besides，簡(jiǎn)潔相互混淆。假如在區(qū)分前后有同類的詞語時(shí)，就用except，否則就用exceptfor。3.including，included①including是一個(gè)介詞，意為＂包括＂，它一般放在包括對(duì)象的前面。②included是一個(gè)過去分詞，意為＂包括＂。它一般用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，也可放在包括對(duì)象的后面。4.in，later，during都與時(shí)段名詞搭配①in作介詞，同時(shí)段名詞搭配，即＂in+時(shí)段名詞＂，一般用于將來時(shí)。②later表示＂……以后＂，常同時(shí)段名詞搭配，即＂時(shí)段名詞+later＂，常與過去時(shí)連用。③during作介詞時(shí)，同時(shí)段名詞搭配，即＂during+時(shí)段名詞＂，常與現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)等連用。5.in，with，by用①with通常指＂用＂詳細(xì)的或有形的工具、器官等，有時(shí)也表示＂用＂某種手段、音調(diào)等。②by作介詞表示＂用＂時(shí)，一般指＂用＂方式、手段等。后面常接動(dòng)名詞或名詞，后面接名詞時(shí)，該名詞前面一般不加修飾語。③in指＂用＂語言、字體、墨水、體裁、風(fēng)格、方式、現(xiàn)金、依次等。二、介詞的省略1.當(dāng)表示時(shí)間的詞前有this，that，next，last，every，each，some，any，all等時(shí)，介詞常省略。Comeanydayyoulike.你想哪天來就哪天來。2.表示時(shí)間的名詞前有不定冠詞，且不定冠詞作＂每一……＂解時(shí)，前面不用介詞。Anappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.每天吃一個(gè)蘋果，醫(yī)生不找我。3.習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的省略一些常和動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞搭配的介詞常省略，常見的此類搭配有：spendmoney/time(in)doingsth，wastemoney/time(in)doingsth，havedifficulty/trouble(in)doingsth，bebusydoingsth，stop/preventsb(from)doingsth等。三、介詞不行遺漏的狀況1.含有不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式在形容詞easy，hard，difficult，comfortable等后作狀語，且構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞與句子的主語存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或主語是不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，介詞不能遺漏。Thechairiscomfortabletositon/in.這把椅子坐著舒適。Themanisdifficulttoworkwith.這個(gè)人很難共事。2.當(dāng)非謂語動(dòng)詞表示被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，相關(guān)介詞也不行省略。Theproblemiswellworthpayingattentionto.這個(gè)問題很值得關(guān)注。3.在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，動(dòng)詞短語中的介詞不能遺漏。Yourpronunciationshouldbepaidattentionto.你應(yīng)當(dāng)留意你的發(fā)音。4.在定語從句中，當(dāng)從句的謂語和先行詞構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且從句謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，必需加上介詞。Thelibrarywhichweoftengotoisnotfarawayfromourschool.我們常常去的那個(gè)圖書館離我們的學(xué)校不遠(yuǎn)。5.在too...to...，enough...to...，so...asto...等結(jié)構(gòu)中，含有不及物動(dòng)詞的不定式作結(jié)果狀語，構(gòu)成不定式的動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，且該動(dòng)詞與主語構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系或主語為不定式動(dòng)作發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)時(shí)，介詞不能遺漏。Theiceistoothintoskateon.冰太薄了，不能在上面滑。題組一基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單句改錯(cuò)1.Ilenttohersomemoneyinorderthatshecouldgoforaholiday._________________________________________________________________________2.Joewastedalottimebeforehegotdowntowork. _________________________________________________________________________3.Thebiggestproblemwasinthatalmostallcommunicationsystemsweredestroyed. _________________________________________________________________________4.Onlyafewmonthsago,thisareasufferedbytheworstdroughtinacentury. _________________________________________________________________________5.Itwasverykindforthemtoinvitemetovisittheircountry. _________________________________________________________________________6.Appreciateandhonorwhatyouhaveinsteadfocusingonwhatyoudonot. _________________________________________________________________________7.Theboywantedtojoininthearmybutwasturneddownbecausehewasunderage. _________________________________________________________________________8.Ijustcouldn’tlaughtohisjokesthewayIusedto. _________________________________________________________________________題組二實(shí)力提升I.單項(xiàng)填空1.Thisexperienceteachesmealesson:Neverjudgeapersonsimply________thefirstimpression.A.intheformof B.withthehelpof C.onthebasisof D.incaseof2.Itwasquite________mewhypeoplepreferredtogototheislandonsuchacoldnight.A.against B.over C.beyond D.above3.________ourdisagreements,wehavebeenabletofindsomecommonground.A.Beyond B.For C.Despite D.By4.Sometimesit’stoughtogetoffthecouchandgoforarun.Withsomanydigitaldevicesatyourfingertips,howcanyoupossiblykeep________?A.inturn B.inshape C.inreturn D.incharge5.Ifeelthatoneofmymainduties________ateacheristohelpthestudentstobecomebetterlearners.A.for B.like C.as D.with6.Thesecommentscamespecificquestionsoftenaskedbylocalnewsmen.A.inmemoryof B.inresponseto C.intouchwith D.inpossessionof7.Mostpeopleworkbecauseit’sunavoidable.,therearesomepeoplewhoactuallyenjoywork.A.Asaresult B.Inaddition C.Bycontrast D.Inconclusion8.Acommonmemorytheyallhave_______theirschooldaysistheschooluniform.A.of B.on C.to D.with9.Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosurviveistolive_________nature.A.inviewof B.inneedof C.intouchwith D.inharmonywith10.Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearound_______ThomasEdison.A.thanksto B.regardlessofC.asidefrom D.butforII.語篇填空AsIwalked__1__thecitystreets，Ipassedayoungmansearchingthroughasmallblockoflandthatcontainedamixofleavesandrubbish.Iwassomewhatpuzzledwhysomeone__2__himwouldbesearchingthroughrubbish.Findingthisalittleodd，Iaskedhim，＂Whatareyousearching__3__？＂Herepliedverysimplythathewaslookingformoney.Aftertalking__4__himforalittlelonger，Ifoundoutthathehadbecomehomelessaftergettinglaid__5__fromhisjob.Sincethen，hehadbeenworking__6__part-timejobsinadoctor'sofficeandinafoodbanktoearnsomemoney.Buthemadesolittlethathelostheart.Themanseemedfairlytalented，althoughhewasalittledirty.Itoldhimthatourthoughtscreateourreality，andIsuggestedthathenotgive__7__andthink__8__apositiveway.Duringthewholetalk，whatIstressedwasthathewasyoungandthateverythingwaspossible.Althoughhedidn'trespond__9__thespot，mysensetoldmethatwhatIsaidseemedtohaveaneffect__10__him.題組三體驗(yàn)真題1.（2024·浙江卷·語法填空）Butcanuniformshelpimproveschoolstandards?Theanswer___61___thisquestionisnotclear.2.（2024·新課標(biāo)卷II·完形填空）Istillcan’tbelievewhatacoincidenceitwas.I’mjustsogladIwasthere___60___tohelpmyson.A.onboard B.intime C.forsure D.onpurpose3.（2024·新課標(biāo)卷II·短文改錯(cuò)）Theywouldsaytomethatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIwasunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.4.（2024·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空）—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee’soffice.—Goodmorning.I’dliketomakeanappointment_________nextWednesdayafternoon.A.for B.on C.in D.at5.（2024·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）China’ssoft

power

grows

_______the

increasing

appreciation

and

understandingofChinaglobally.A.inlinewith B.inreplytoC.inreturnfor D.inhonourof6.（2024·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空）Bobthoughthecouldn'tgotothepartybecausehehadtowriteareport,buthewent___________.A.atfirst B.afterallC.aboveall D.atrandom6.（2024·天津·單項(xiàng)填空）Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.___________,weexpectstudentstoworkhard.A.Onaverage B.Atbest C.Inreturn D.Afterall7.（2024·天津·完形填空）…Mygoalwastolose150poundsinoneyearandraise$50,00025amovementfounded30yearsagotoendhunger.A.insearchof B.inneedof C.inplaceof D.insupportof8.（2024·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空）Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend,whichwasstartedbythemedicalcommunity（醫(yī)學(xué)界）amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedside(effects)(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.9.（2024·新課標(biāo)I卷·短文改錯(cuò)）ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.10.（2024·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò)）Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.beside,theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationfromtheinternet.11.（2024·新課標(biāo)卷III·語法填空）Iwassearching___67___thesethreewesternlowlandgorillasI'dbeenobserving.12.（2024·北京·單項(xiàng)填空）Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving_______fishingindustry.A.at B.in C.on D.by13.（2024·江蘇·單項(xiàng)填空）Determiningwhereweare____________oursurroundingsremainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.A.incontrastto B.indefenseofC.infaceof D.inrelationto14.（2024·北京·單項(xiàng)填空）WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe___________treesthatareover1,000yearsold.A.among B.against C.behind D.below15.（2024·新課標(biāo)II卷·語法填空）Itranforjustundersevenkilometersandallowedpeopletoavoidterrible__crowds__(crowd)ontheroadsaboveastheytravelledtoand___62__work.題組一基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)單句改錯(cuò)1.去掉to【解析】句意：我借給她一些錢，以便她能去度假。動(dòng)詞lend后可接雙賓語，所以to多余。2.在time前加of【解析】句意：?jiǎn)淘谄鹣裙ぷ髑吧莩蘖瞬簧贂r(shí)間。alotof為固定用法，意為＂很多＂，后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式或不行數(shù)名詞。留意：alot為副詞短語，表程度。3.去掉in【解析】句意：最大的難題是，幾乎全部的通訊系統(tǒng)都被破壞了。依據(jù)語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中用that引導(dǎo)表語從句。4.by→from【解析】句意：僅在幾個(gè)月前，這個(gè)地區(qū)遭遇了一次本世紀(jì)以來最為嚴(yán)峻的旱災(zāi)。sufferfrom為固定用法，意為＂忍受，遭遇＂。5.for→of【解析】句意：他們很好，邀請(qǐng)我訪問他們的國(guó)家。＂It’skindofsbtodosth＂為固定句型。留意：在＂Itis/was+adj.+of/forsbtodo＂句型中，當(dāng)形容詞為easy，hard，difficult，possible，important，necessary等時(shí)用介詞for，而當(dāng)形容詞為描述人的品德及特征的kind，polite，nice，wise，clever，silly，foolish等時(shí)用介詞of。6.在instead后加of【解析】句意：感謝并且敬重你所擁有的，而不是將留意力放在你沒有的東西上。insteadof為復(fù)合介詞，意為＂而不是＂。7.去掉in【解析】句意：這個(gè)男孩想?yún)④?，但因?yàn)槟昙o(jì)小被拒絕了。join表示＂參與，加入(某個(gè)組織)＂時(shí)，后面不加介詞in；表示＂參與(某項(xiàng)活動(dòng))＂時(shí)，才加in。8.第一個(gè)to→at【解析】句意：我就是不能像以前那樣因他講的笑話而發(fā)笑。laughat為固定搭配，意為＂訕笑，因……而發(fā)笑＂。題組二實(shí)力提升I.單項(xiàng)填空1.C【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。intheformof＂以……的形式＂，withthehelpof＂在……的幫助下＂，onthebasisof＂以……為基礎(chǔ)＂，incaseof＂假如，假使＂。結(jié)合語境可知選C。2.C【解析】考查介詞。句意：我很不理解為什么人們情愿在那樣冷的一個(gè)晚上登那個(gè)島。against＂反對(duì)＂，over＂翻越，在……上面＂，above＂在……上面，超過＂，均不符合句意。bebeyondsb.＂某人無法理解＂，符合句意，故選C。3.C【解析】考查介詞的用法。句意：盡管我們存在分歧，但仍能找到一些共同點(diǎn)。despite＂即使，盡管＂，符合句意。4.B【解析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：有時(shí)，很難從沙發(fā)上站起來，略微活動(dòng)一下。手邊有那么多數(shù)碼設(shè)備，你怎么可能保持健康呢？inshape＂健康＂，符合句意。inturn＂輪番，相應(yīng)地＂；inreturn＂作為回報(bào)＂；incharge＂負(fù)責(zé)＂。

5.C【解析】句意：我覺得作為老師，其主要職責(zé)之一就是幫助學(xué)生成為更好的學(xué)習(xí)者。as作介詞有＂作為＂的意思，符合語境。

6.B【解析】句意：這些評(píng)論是對(duì)某些常常被當(dāng)?shù)匦侣勅藛柕降膯栴}的回應(yīng)。inmemoryof紀(jì)念；inresponseto回應(yīng)；intouchwith聯(lián)系；inpossessionof擁有。分析句子成分知道空格處充當(dāng)介詞短語作狀語的作用，依據(jù)常識(shí)和句意，評(píng)論應(yīng)當(dāng)是對(duì)問題的回應(yīng)。所以答案是B。7.C【解析】句意：很多人工作是因?yàn)檫@是不行避開的，相反，有一些人是的確喜愛工作的。依據(jù)前后的意思，可以知道前后是表示對(duì)比。Asaresult意為結(jié)果，Inaddition意為此外，Bycontrast意為相反，Inconclusion意為結(jié)論。＂不行避開＂表述到一種無奈，也就是說，很多人是不得不工作的。后句的表達(dá)是＂事實(shí)上有些人喜愛工作＂，＂喜愛＂和＂不得不＂剛好構(gòu)成一種否定，所以選C。8.A【解析】考查介詞辨析。of關(guān)于，表示從屬關(guān)系；on表示在……之上；to表示對(duì)于；with表示和……在一起。句意：他們共有的關(guān)于他們學(xué)校的記憶是校服。haveamemoryof對(duì)……有記憶，是固定短語，故選A。9.D【解析】考查短語辨析。inviewof在……眼里；inneedof須要；intouchwith和……接觸；Inharmonywith與……和諧相處。這四個(gè)短語后面都應(yīng)當(dāng)接名詞，該句意