LearningAboutLanguageUnit2

BridgingCultures教學(xué)目標(biāo)Studentswillgraspthestructureandusageofnounclausesandaccuratelyapplythemindifferentsentencetypes.1Studentswillenhancetheirabilitytoanalyzeandusenounclauses,anddevelopstrategiesforindependentgrammarlearning.2教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)0102Mastertheusagerulesofdifferenttypesofnounclauses,especiallythecorrectselectionofguidingwordsandtheapplicationofdeclarativewordorder.Distinguishbetweennounclausesandothersimilarclausestructures,andcorrectlyusenounclausesincomplexandcontext-specificsituations.01BuildupyourvocabularyThinkofawordthatbestfitseachdefinitionandcompletethecrosswordpuzzle.1.toremembersth2.toaccept,admit,orrecognisesthorthetruth/existenceofsth3.theprocessofchangingsthoryourselftosuitanewsituation4.tomakesbfeellessworriedorunhappy5.astrongdesiretoachievesth6.anexamyouhavepassedoracourseyouhavesuccessfullycompleted7.tomentionsthasanexample8.containingmanydifferentpartsandoftendifficulttounderstand9.tobeactivelyinvolvedwithsthrecallacknowledgeadaptationcomfortmbitionquificatiociecmplxegageCompletethesentenceswiththecorrectformsofthewordsfromtheunit.Thefirstletterofeachwordisgiven.1.Despitehispoorlivingconditions,heremainedactivelye_______inhisscientificresearch.2.Asanoutgoinggirl,shewasalwaysreadytop_________intheactivitieshercollegeoffered.3.Activelygettingi________invarioussocialactivitiesisthebestwaytoovercomecultureshock.4.“Iusedtostudyinthisuniversitytwentyyearsago,andtherewerenotmanyinternationalstudentsthen,”mytutorr_______.5.A_________toanewculturecanbedifficult.However,youneedtostepoutofyourcomfortzone.Remember:WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.ngagedarticipatenvolvedecalleddaptingCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.Howdidthestudent’slifechangewhenstudyingabroadforthefirsttime?ambitiousrecallqualificationaccommodationfeelathomeAyearago,IcametotheUniversityofBirminghamtoobtainabusiness_____________.SincethenI’vebeenlivinginuniversity_____________withotherinternationalstudents,whichallowsmetomeetpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgrounds.Thefirstfewweekstherewereabsolutelyoverwhelmingbecauseeverythingwassodifferentcomparedtothingsbackhome.Ifeltconfusedandlost.Ialsosufferedfromhomesickness,_________allsortsofthingsbackhome—frommymother’scookingtotheneighbour’sdogIusedtowalk.qualificationaccommodationrecallingCompletethepassagewiththecorrectformsofthewordsinthebox.Howdidthestudent’slifechangewhenstudyingabroadforthefirsttime?ambitiousrecallqualificationaccommodationfeelathomeGradually,Iadaptedtomynewlifeasaninternationalstudent.Igotfamiliarwiththeplace—thelocalshops,clubs,andparks.Imadefriendsandbecamemoreconfidentinmystudiesdaybyday.Istarted_______________________.inthisnewenvironment.Ibecamemoremotivated,andI’malsoalotmore___________now!IfeelthatcomingherewasthebestdecisionIhaveevermade.tofeel/feelingathomeambitious02DiscoverusefulstructuresTrytotranslatethefollowingcommonsayings.Believewhatyousee.Whatgoesaroundcomesaround.Thefactthatmoneycan'tbuyhappinessiswell-known.Itiswhatitis.事情就是這樣。眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。因果循環(huán)，報(bào)應(yīng)不爽。金錢(qián)買(mǎi)不到幸福，這是眾所周知的。表語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句1.定義：在英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或同位語(yǔ)等原本由名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?，由一個(gè)完整句子來(lái)充當(dāng)時(shí)，這個(gè)句子被稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。這類(lèi)從句本質(zhì)上具有名詞的語(yǔ)法功能，需通過(guò)引導(dǎo)詞與主句連接，且從句內(nèi)部必須使用陳述句語(yǔ)序（引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)）。名詞性從句的定義與分類(lèi)2.分類(lèi)連接詞1.連接代詞：who,whose,whom,

what,which。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，如主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、或定語(yǔ)等。2.連接副詞：when,where,why,how。有詞義，在從句中擔(dān)任成分，作狀語(yǔ)。3.連接詞：that,whether,if,asif。that無(wú)詞義，在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略；if(whether),

asif雖有詞義，但在從句中不擔(dān)任成分。主語(yǔ)從句1、主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句（可直接放句首）。Whenthemeetingwillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.Whyheleftinahurryisstillamystery.Whicheverteamwinsthematchwillrepresentourschoolinthefinals.2、用it作形式主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句放在句末。Itseemsthathehasmisunderstoodmywords.3、that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不能省略，僅起連接作用（不充當(dāng)從句成分）。Thatshecanspeakthreeforeignlanguagesimpressesherclassmates..主語(yǔ)從句注意：1.主語(yǔ)從句通常位于句首，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)放在后面，句首使用it做形式主語(yǔ)。但是當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句由what,who等疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)時(shí)，通常不使用形式主語(yǔ)，需直接置于句首。2.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞為that時(shí)雖無(wú)意義，但是不可以省略。3.主語(yǔ)從句不能使用if引導(dǎo)。4.主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。但是當(dāng)what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“多個(gè)對(duì)象或內(nèi)容”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用復(fù)數(shù)。賓語(yǔ)從句1.賓語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作動(dòng)詞、介詞或形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的連詞that一般可省略。Ihope(that)everythingisallright.2.介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句，不可用which或if連接，要分別用what或whetherI'minterestedinwhatyou’vesaid.3.whether與if都可以引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句，?？苫Q。Iwonderwhetherhewillcome.=Iwonderifhewillcome.但下面情況不能互換。賓語(yǔ)從句①賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句時(shí)，只用if，不用whether。Iwonderifitdoesn’train.②用if會(huì)引起誤解，就要用whether。Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.(此句如果把whether改成if，容易當(dāng)成條件句理解)

③賓語(yǔ)從句中的whether與ornot直接連用，就不能換成if。Idon'tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.④介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句要用whether引導(dǎo)。不能換成if。Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.表語(yǔ)從句1.表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)成分，緊跟在系動(dòng)詞之后，用于解釋主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容或狀態(tài)。常見(jiàn)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)從句2.that的不可省略性：that引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，不可省略，僅起連接作用，不充當(dāng)從句成分。HisdecisionisthateveryoneshouldsubmitareportbyFriday.（that不可刪，表明決定的內(nèi)容）3.特殊疑問(wèn)詞：what/when/where等特殊疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，既連接句子，又在從句中充當(dāng)成分（主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等）。ThisiswhatIwanttosay.（what作say的賓語(yǔ)）表語(yǔ)從句4.whether的使用：表“是否”含義時(shí)，只能用whether，不能用if。Theproblemiswhetherwehaveenoughtime.（if不可替代whether）5.其他引導(dǎo)詞：asif/asthough（表“好像”，常用于虛擬或類(lèi)比）、because（表原因，但需注意與其他結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別）。Helooksasifhedidn'tsleeplastnight.（虛擬語(yǔ)氣，用asif引導(dǎo)）6.避免邏輯錯(cuò)誤：表語(yǔ)從句需確保前后邏輯一致，避免成分重復(fù)。?錯(cuò)誤：Thereasonisbecausehewaslate.（reason與because語(yǔ)義重復(fù)）?正確：Thereasonisthathewaslate.或Becausehewaslate,hemissedthemeeting.同位語(yǔ)從句1.在復(fù)合句中，同位語(yǔ)從句是對(duì)某一名詞進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明的從句，其功能是闡述該名詞的具體內(nèi)容，相當(dāng)于名詞的“同位語(yǔ)”。這類(lèi)從句通常位于抽象名詞之后，通過(guò)引導(dǎo)詞與先行詞連接，且從句內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)完整。2.常見(jiàn)的抽象名詞fact(事實(shí)) idea(想法) reason(原因) thought(想法)order(命令) doubt(懷疑) news(消息) hope(希望) truth(真實(shí)) belief(信念) suggestion(建議) advice(建議)view(觀(guān)點(diǎn)) promise(承諾) request(要求) proposal(提議/建議)demand(要求) question(問(wèn)題)Summary連接詞意義充當(dāng)成分是否可省略從屬連詞thatwhetherasif/thoughbecause連接代詞who/whom主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)

不可省略whosewhatwhich連接副詞when狀語(yǔ)不可省略wherewhyhow無(wú)意義不充當(dāng)成分不可省略是否好像因?yàn)檎l(shuí)誰(shuí)的什么哪一個(gè)什么時(shí)候哪里為什么怎么樣03ExerciseStudythesentencesbelowandmarkthenounclauses.Whatisthefunctionofeachnounclauseinthesentences?1.WhatseemedstrangebeforenowappearsquitenormaltoXieLei.2.WhatsurprisedXieLeiwasthatshefoundherselfspeakingupinclassafterjustafewweeks.3.It’simportantthatXieLeikeepsabalancebetweenherstudiesandhersociallife.作主語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)真正的主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)Combineeachpairofsentencesusingthewordsinbrackets.1.Theadvisortalkedaboutmaintainingreasonableexpectationswhenstudyingabroad.HiswordswerequitehelpfultoMay.(what)2.Studentshavetowritecountlessresearchpapersaspartoftheircoursework.ThiswasnotsomethingthatChenHaowasreadyfor.(that)3.Whowillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjobatthelawfirm?Thisisthequestion.(who)4.Exposuretoanothercultureanditspeoplecangiveexchangestudentsgreatinsightsintotheworld.Thisisanadvantageofstudyingabroad.(that)5.SchoolsintheStatesarequitemulticultural,withstudentsandteachersfrommanydifferentethnicbackgrounds.ThisimpressedLiuYang.(It...that)6.ShouldshesticktoherownwayoflifeorfollowtheAmericanway?Thisisherconfusion.(whether)Combineeachpairofsentencesusingthewordsinbrackets.1.What

theadvisortalkedaboutmaintainingreasonableexpectationswhenstudyingabroadwasquitehelpfultoMay.2.ThatstudentshavetowritecountlessresearchpapersaspartoftheircourseworkwasnotsomethingthatChenHaowasreadyfor.3.Thequestioniswhowillbethesuccessfulapplicantforthesummerjobatthelawfirm.4.Anadvantageofstudyingabroadisthatexposuretoanothercultureanditspeoplecangiveexchangestudentsgreatinsightsintotheworld.5.

ItimpressedLiuYangthatschoolsintheStatesarequitemulticultural,withstudentsandteachersfrommanydifferentethnicbackgrounds.6.HerconfusioniswhethersheshouldsticktoherownwayoflifeorfollowtheAmericanway.CompletethepassagewithA-Dfromthebox.WhatotherthingsdoyouthinkmightattractinternationalstudentstoChina?AfterjustafewmonthsinChina,Leon,anexchangestudentfromGermany,saysthathehasfalleninlovewithChineseculture.________wastheChinesefood.Hecouldn’tbelievehowmanydifferentkindsofChinesefoodthereare!Somethingelsehefoundimpressivewas______.Thenthere’sChina’scolourfulculture,fromarttomusic,andfromcalligraphytoliterature.________remainsanimportantgoalforhim,asheistrulyfascinatedbyit.LeonisalsoamazedbytheconvenienceofcashlesspaymentsinChina.Hecangooutsidewithoutanyneedforcash—allheneedsishismobilephone!ThebiggestreasonwhyhelovesChina,however,is________.Hehasmadegreatfriendshere—friendsthathewillstillrememberlongafterhisdeparture.ABCDItisstillunderdiscussion________theoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.Theprofessor’sbelief________allstudentscans