選修三

Unit1Art課文譯文及知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING西方繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)簡(jiǎn)史WhatisWesternart?Itishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.什么是西方藝術(shù)？很難給出一個(gè)精確的定義。由于西方的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不可能進(jìn)行全面的描述。也許了解西方藝術(shù)的最好方法就是看看幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)西方繪畫(huà)的發(fā)展。ASHORTHISTORYOFWESTERNPAINTING西方繪畫(huà)藝術(shù)簡(jiǎn)史WhatisWesternart?Itishardtogiveaprecisedefinition.AstherehavebeensomanydifferentstylesofWesternart,itisimpossibletodescribethemallinashorttext.PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartistolookatthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.1.precise:clearandaccurate準(zhǔn)確的；精確的；明確的precisedetails/instructions/measurements確切的細(xì)節(jié)；明確的指令；精確的尺寸Canyougiveamoreprecisedefinitionoftheword?搭配：tobeprecise:確切地說(shuō)beprecisein在---方面精確/準(zhǔn)確preciselyadv.準(zhǔn)確地；精確地；的確如此Nobodyknowspreciselyhowmanypeoplearestilllivinginthecamp.沒(méi)有人準(zhǔn)確地知道有多少人還生活在那個(gè)營(yíng)地。Thefirstbellrangatprecisely10:29a.m..第一遍鈴聲在上午10:29準(zhǔn)時(shí)響起。That’spreciselywhatImeant.那恰恰是我的意思。單句語(yǔ)法填空①(2022·全國(guó)乙卷)Theycoulddo____________(precise)thesamethingtoinspectrailwaylinesandothervitalaspectsofrailinfrastructuresuchasthecorrectpositionofrailwaytracksandswitchingpoints.完成句子②Canyou_____________________________oftheword?你能給這個(gè)詞下個(gè)更確切的定義嗎？precisely

giveamoreprecisedefinition

牛刀小試TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)中世紀(jì)（5世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)）DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.在中世紀(jì)，西方藝術(shù)的目的是向人們傳授基督教。因此，藝術(shù)家對(duì)寫(xiě)實(shí)場(chǎng)景不感興趣。他們的作品通常較為粗糙且二維化，主體人物通常比其他人物大得多，以顯示他們的重要性。這種情況在13世紀(jì)時(shí)因喬托·迪·邦多納（1267-1337）而開(kāi)始改變。盡管他的畫(huà)仍然是宗教主題，但它們展示的是真實(shí)環(huán)境中的真實(shí)人物。尤其是他的畫(huà)作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感沖擊而從其他畫(huà)作中脫穎而出。TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)中世紀(jì)（5世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)）DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.1.realistic:①現(xiàn)實(shí)的；實(shí)際的；實(shí)事求是的Wehavetoberealisticaboutourchancesofwinning.我們必須實(shí)事求是地估計(jì)我們獲勝的可能性。②

逼真的；栩栩如生的?arealisticdrawing逼真的繪畫(huà)realisticscenes寫(xiě)實(shí)場(chǎng)景realistichumanfaces逼真的人臉2.primiitive

①原始的

primitivetribes原始部落②發(fā)展水平低的；落后的?Thefacilitiesonthecampsitewereveryprimitive.TheMiddleAges(fromthe5thtothe15thcentury)中世紀(jì)（5世紀(jì)到15世紀(jì)）DuringtheMiddleAges,thepurposeofWesternartwastoteachpeopleaboutChristianity.Thus,artistswerenotinterestedinpaintingrealisticscenes.Theirworkswereoftenprimitiveandtwo-dimensional,andthemaincharacterswereoftenmademuchlargerthaneveryoneelsetoshowtheirimportance.Thisbegantochangeinthe13thcenturywithGiottodiBondone(1267-1337).Whilehispaintingsstillhadreligiousthemes,theyshowedrealpeopleinarealenvironment.Inparticular,hispaintingsaresetapartfromotherpaintingsbytheirrealistichumanfacesanddeepemotionalimpact.3.inparticular特別；尤其Helovessciencefictioninparticular.

拓展beparticularaboutover講究；挑剔She'sveryparticularaboutherclothes.4.setapartfrom使與眾不同；使突出；使優(yōu)于Herelegantstylesetsherapartfromotherjournalists.她的典雅風(fēng)格使她與其他記者截然不同。set---apart留出；撥出Tworoomsweresetapartforuseaslibraries.留出兩個(gè)房間作為圖書(shū)室。TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期（14世紀(jì)到17世紀(jì)）NewideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddleAges.Asaresult,paintersconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes.Theybegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.AnimportantbreakthroughduringthisperiodwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio(1401-1428).InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio’sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.新的思想和價(jià)值觀逐漸取代了中世紀(jì)的思想和價(jià)值觀。因此，畫(huà)家較少關(guān)注宗教主題。他們開(kāi)始持一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度。這一時(shí)期的一個(gè)重要突破是馬薩喬（1401-1428）對(duì)透視法的運(yùn)用。一些頗具影響力的畫(huà)家，例如萊昂納多·達(dá)·芬奇（1452-1519）、米開(kāi)朗琪羅（1475-1564）和拉斐爾（1483-1520），在喬托和馬薩喬的創(chuàng)新基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)發(fā)展，創(chuàng)造出歐洲前所未有的一些最偉大的藝術(shù)作品。TheRenaissance(fromthe14thtothe17thcentury)文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期（14世紀(jì)到17世紀(jì)）NewideasandvaluesgraduallyreplacedoldonesfromtheMiddleAges.Asaresult,paintersconcentratedlessonreligiousthemes.Theybegantoadoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife.AnimportantbreakthroughduringthisperiodwastheuseofperspectivebyMasaccio(1401-1428).InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio’sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.1.concentrateon集中精力于；全神貫注于拓展:concentrateone’sattention/efforts/thoughtson把注意力、努力、思想集中到focus/fixone’sattentionon

集中注意力于2.adoptamorehumanisticattitudetolife持一種更人性化的生活態(tài)度3.influentialadj有很大影響力的；有支配力的beinfluentialin

對(duì)（做）某事頗有影響haveaninfluenceon

對(duì)---有影響

Thisstudybuildson___________(early)work.It’sanargument_______(build)uponsoundlogic.Ifyoucan’tmakeadecision,________(build)onotherpeople’ssuggestions.4.InfluentialpainterssuchasLeonardodaVinci(1452-1519),Michelangelo(1475-1564),andRaphael(1483-1520)builtuponGiottoandMasaccio’sinnovationstoproducesomeofthegreatestartthatEuropehadeverseen.

一些頗具影響力的畫(huà)家，例如萊昂納多·達(dá)·芬奇、米開(kāi)朗基羅和拉斐爾，在喬托和馬薩喬的創(chuàng)新基礎(chǔ)上繼續(xù)發(fā)展，創(chuàng)作出歐洲前所未見(jiàn)的一些最偉大的藝術(shù)作品。

buildupon在……基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展；把……作為……的基礎(chǔ)earlierbuiltbuild難句分析Anotherinnovationwastheuseofoilpaints.Withtheirdeepcoloursandrealism,someofthebestoilpaintingslooklikephotographs.WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606-1669),whogainedareputation

asamasterofshadowandlight.另一個(gè)創(chuàng)新是油畫(huà)顏料的使用。由于其深沉的色彩和現(xiàn)實(shí)主義風(fēng)格，一些油畫(huà)佳品看上去就像是照片。盡管早在達(dá)芬奇時(shí)代一些畫(huà)家就使用油彩繪畫(huà)，但倫勃朗使得這種技藝達(dá)到了頂峰，他擁有“光影大師”的雅稱(chēng)。Anotherinnovationwastheuseofoilpaints.Withtheirdeepcoloursandrealism,someofthebestoilpaintingslooklikephotographs.WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechnique

reacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606-1669),whogainedareputationasamasterofshadowandlight.1.whileconj雖然；盡管2.asearlyas早在---時(shí)期3.reachitsheight達(dá)到頂峰4.

gainareputationasamasterofshadowandlight贏得了光影大師的雅稱(chēng)earn/winareputation

贏得名聲haveagoodreputationas作為---有好的聲譽(yù)build/developareputation樹(shù)立名聲

destroy/ruinone’sreputation毀了某人的名譽(yù)

WhilepaintersasearlyasDaVincihadusedoil,thistechniquereacheditsheightwithRembrandt(1606—1669),whogainedareputationasamasterofshadowandlight.盡管早在達(dá)·芬奇時(shí)代一些畫(huà)家就使用油彩繪畫(huà)，但倫勃朗（1606年—1669年）使得這種技藝達(dá)到頂峰，他擁有“光影大師”的雅稱(chēng)。

while雖然；盡管(=___________)althoughTomisverygoodatscience,whilehisbrotherisabsolutelyhopeless.YoucangoswimmingwhileI’mhavinglunch.Iwassleeping______thephonerang.(表示對(duì)比)……而與……同時(shí)when難句分析Insubjectmatter,theemphasisincreasinglyshiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus.Kings,nobles,andpeopleofhighrankwantedtopurchaseaccuratepicturesofthemselvesandthepeopletheyloved.Otherswantedpaintingsshowingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.在題材上，畫(huà)作重點(diǎn)逐漸從宗教主題轉(zhuǎn)移到人和我們周?chē)氖澜纭?guó)王、貴族和上流社會(huì)人士都想購(gòu)買(mǎi)自己和所愛(ài)之人的精準(zhǔn)畫(huà)像。其他人則想要展示重要?dú)v史事件或神話故事的畫(huà)作。最后，大多數(shù)客戶都想要看起來(lái)美麗有趣的畫(huà)作。Insubjectmatter,theemphasisincreasinglyshiftedfromreligiousthemestopeopleandtheworldaroundus.Kings,nobles,andpeopleofhighrankwantedtopurchaseaccuratepicturesofthemselvesandthepeopletheyloved.Otherswantedpaintingsshowingimportanthistoricaleventsorstoriesfrommythology.Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.1.rank地位；軍銜；等級(jí)peopleofhighrank上流社會(huì)的人們peopleofallranks各個(gè)階層的人officersofjunior/seniorrankapainterofthefirstrank一流的畫(huà)家拓展rankvtvi把---分等級(jí)；使排成行berankedfirst/second排名第一/第二2.purchasevt購(gòu)買(mǎi)；采購(gòu)n購(gòu)買(mǎi)；購(gòu)買(mǎi)的東西makeapurchase

買(mǎi)東西purchasesthfromsb

向某人購(gòu)買(mǎi)某物①(2022·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste，whetherbynot_____________(purchase)morefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.②(2021·新高考全國(guó)Ⅰ卷)Since1934,betterthanhalfabilliondollarshasgoneintothatFund_____________(purchase)morethan5millionacresofhabitat.③Assoonasthesupermarketopeneditsdoor,peoplecrowdedinitandstruggledfortheir____________(purchase).④Whenaclientpurchasessomething_______yourstore,statisticsshowthatheislikelytoshopagain.purchasing

topurchase

purchases

from

Finally,mostclientswantedpaintingsthatwerebeautifulandinterestingtolookat.最后，大多數(shù)客戶都想要看起來(lái)美麗有趣的畫(huà)作。注意：be+形容詞+不定式，不定式動(dòng)作tolookat

的賓語(yǔ)是定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)，不定式要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)。(1)他是個(gè)很難相處的人。(2)這個(gè)問(wèn)題雖然復(fù)雜，但很容易解決。Heisdifficulttodealwith/getalongwith.Whiletheproblemiscomplex,itiseasytoapproach.難句分析Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)印象派時(shí)期（19世紀(jì)后期到20世紀(jì)初期）ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotographyinthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,Impressionism

emergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet(1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.直到19世紀(jì)中葉攝影術(shù)發(fā)明之前，西方藝術(shù)的發(fā)展緩慢。在那之后，不再需要繪畫(huà)來(lái)保存人和世界的面貌了。因此，畫(huà)家們不得不尋找一種新的方式來(lái)看待他們的藝術(shù)。由此，印象派在法國(guó)應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。這個(gè)新運(yùn)動(dòng)的名字來(lái)源于克勞德·莫奈（1840-196）的一幅名為《印象·日出》的畫(huà)作。在這幅作品中，莫奈想傳達(dá)場(chǎng)景中的光線和運(yùn)動(dòng)——場(chǎng)景給他的主觀印象——而不是場(chǎng)景本身的詳細(xì)記錄。Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)印象派時(shí)期（19世紀(jì)后期到20世紀(jì)初期）ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotography

inthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,Impressionism

emergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet(1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.1.photography:/U/theart,processorjoboftakingphotographsorfilmingsth照相術(shù)；攝影photographicadjconnectedwithphotographsorphotography攝影的；攝制的；照片的2.emergevi~(fromsth)tocomeoutofadark,confinedorhiddenplace（從隱蔽處或暗處）出現(xiàn)，浮現(xiàn)，露出?Theswimmeremergedfromthelake.Shefinallyemergedfromherroomatnoon.?Weemergedintobrightsunlight.。Impressionism(late19thtoearly20thcentury)印象派時(shí)期（19世紀(jì)后期到20世紀(jì)初期）ThedevelopmentofWesternartsloweduntiltheinventionofphotography

inthemid-19thcentury.Afterthat,paintingswerenolongerneededtopreservewhatpeopleandtheworldlookedlike.Hence,paintershadtofindanewwayoflookingattheirart.Fromthis,Impressionism

emergedinFrance.ThenameofthisnewmovementcamefromthepaintingbyClaudeMonet(1840-1926)calledImpression,Sunrise.Inthiswork,Monet'saimwastoconveythelightandmovementinthescene—thesubjectiveimpressionthescenegavehim—butnotadetailedrecordofthesceneitself.4.conveyvt~sth(tosb)tomakeideas,feelings,etc.knowntosbSYNcommunicate表達(dá)，傳遞（思想、感情等）Colourslikeredconveyasenseofenergyandstrength.紅色之類(lèi)的顏色可給人以充滿活力與力量的感覺(jué)。?Pleaseconveymyapologiestoyourwife.請(qǐng)向你的妻子轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)我的歉意。[Vwh-]?Hetrieddesperatelytoconveyhowurgentthesituationwas.他不顧一切地試圖說(shuō)明情況是多么緊急。convey,carry，transportconvey常指通過(guò)媒介傳遞、輸送，表示交流、傳達(dá)信息、情感等carry常表示移動(dòng)時(shí)搬運(yùn)著某物，或指隨身攜帶transport往往是長(zhǎng)距離的運(yùn)動(dòng)，常指交通運(yùn)輸詞語(yǔ)辨析看圖辯詞①M(fèi)ynameisLiHua.I’mwritingtoconveymysincereappreciation_____you.②Alltheinjuredshouldbeconveyed_______thespottothehospitalatonce.③Poetsusemanydifferentformsofpoetry___________(convey)certainemotions.to

from

toconvey

牛刀小試WhilemanyImpressionistspaintedscenesofnatureordailylife,others,suchasRenoir(1841-1919),focusedonpeople.Unlikethecold,black-and-whitephotographsofthattimeperiod,Renoir’spaintingsarefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife.Hesoughttoshownotjusttheouterimageofhissubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswell.雖然許多印象派畫(huà)家描繪了自然或日常生活場(chǎng)景，但其他畫(huà)家，如雷諾阿（1841-1919年）則以人物為關(guān)注對(duì)象。雷諾阿的畫(huà)作與那個(gè)時(shí)代冷淡的黑白照片不同，充滿了光、影、色彩和生命。他不僅試圖展示他筆下人物的外在形象，而且還展示他們內(nèi)心的溫暖和人性。WhilemanyImpressionistspaintedscenesofnatureordailylife,others,suchasRenoir(1841-1919),focusedonpeople.Unlikethecold,black-and-whitephotographsofthattimeperiod,Renoir’spaintingsarefulloflight,shadow,colour,andlife.Hesoughttoshownotjusttheouterimageofhissubjects,buttheirinnerwarmthandhumanityaswell.1.seekvttotrytodosth試圖；設(shè)法Theyquicklysoughttodistancethemselvesfromtheprotesters.他們迅速設(shè)法遠(yuǎn)離抗議者。2.humanity[U]thestateofbeingapersonratherthanagod,ananimaloramachine人性?ThestorywasusedtoemphasizethehumanityofJesus.人們用這個(gè)故事來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)耶穌人性的一面。ModernArt(fromthe20thcenturytotoday)現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)（20世紀(jì)至今）AfterImpressionism,subsequentartistsbegantoask,“Whatdowedonext?”P(pán)ainterssuchasPicasso(1881-1973)triedtoanalysetheshapeswhichexistedinthenaturalworldbutinanewway,withCubism.Othersgavetheirpaintingsarealisticbutdream-likequality.Sti