北京市豐臺(tái)區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語一、第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié),30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Tenyearsago,IhadjuststartedmyfirstjobasaMedicalRepresentativeinasmalltowninIndia—butwas1．everymomentofit.Ihadthe2．topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneed3．frommyoriginalplanofpursuing(追求)aPh.Dinformydrugsornot.Tomakemattersworse,Iwasbiology.Allthesethoughtswerecrowdingthroughmymind,asIwasdrivingmyscooteraroundthetownvisitingonedoctorafteranother.Atoneofthetrafficlights,Ihitaredandhadtowaitforthesignaltoturngreen.Inoticedthattherewasahugerocklyingnearthesquare—aresultofsomebody'scarelessness.Yetnobodythoughtitvehiclesandmovetherocktotheedgeoftheroadwhereitwouldlie,harmless.4．togetoutoftheSuddenlyInoticedayoungkidcrawlinghiswayacrosstheothersideoftheroad.Hemusthavehadaseriousinfectionofpolio(小兒麻痹癥)whenhewasababy.Hewascrawlingonbothhishandsand5．hisbodybehindhim.Thisguycameuptotherockwithalookonhisfaceshowingthathedidnotbelieveinhishandicap(殘疾).Hewaslookingatthatrockwith6．—asifsayingtothestone"Youareaninstrumentofmywill."He7．topushtherocktothesideoftheroad.Icanneverforgetthatlookofprideonhisface,showingthathehassomethingthatable-bodiedpeoplelikemewereavoidingdoing.8．Andlookingatthiskidforthisbrieftime,IwasremindedhowsmallmytroubleswereinrespecttohisandhowmuchIwasworryingaboutthem.SincethenIhavenever9．.IdidpursuemydreamoffinishingaPh.Dinthebiologicalsciences.To10．,thisistheovation(鼓掌)Iwishtogive—thoughbelatedly.thatunknownmessengerofhopeand1．A．expecting2．A．pressure3．A．passing4．A．difficult5．A．dragging6．A．a(chǎn)nxietyC．confusionB．regrettingB．desireC．missingD．wonderingD．chanceC．pleasureC．departingC．possibleC．liftingB．developingB．dangerousB．shapingD．startingD．worthwhileD．foldingB．determinationD．a(chǎn)mazement7．A．plannedB．failedC．learntD．managed第1頁8．A．recalledB．consideredC．preservedB．givenupD．workedoutC．courageD．a(chǎn)ccomplished9．A．calmeddownC．brokenin10．A．cooperationB．generosityD．enthusiasm二、第二節(jié)（共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分）閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~,在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。In2023,13.9millionpeople?11．?(visit)theSpain'sCanaryIslands—that'ssixtimesmorethan?alltourismbecauseitthenumberofpeoplewhoactuallylivethere.Localssaytheyarenot?12．createsjobsandmoney,buttheywanttheirgovernmenttoputalimitonthenumberoftourists.Theythinkthegovernmentshouldworkouthowmanytouristscanbesupported,sothattheCanariescanbecomeanexampleof?13．?(sustain)tourism.閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。Inspring,thousandsofbirdsflynorthtobreedinSiberia.Somebirdseatgrassshoots?14．?starttogrowatthebeginningoftheseason.Thisfoodsourceisonlyavailableforafewweeks?(cause)byclimatechangecansometimesmakethegrassgrowearlierthanandrisingtemperatures?15．usual.Thismeansthatsomebirdsarearrivingtoolatetoeatthegrass,?16．foodsource.Asmoreandmorelandisusedforfarming,thenaturalwetlands?17．foodaredisappearingtoo.?(leave)themwithouta?birdsliketosearchfor閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的恰當(dāng)形式填空。DylanAllman,aged18,recentlyreceivedanawardforhisworktoprotecthedgehogs(刺猬).Theaward??(go)toinspiringpeoplewhomakechangesintheircommunity.Allman'smissionstartedfouryearsago??hebecameinterestedinthenumberofhedgehogsinhisgarden.Earlierthisyear,helauncheda18．19．program,inwhichateamofvolunteersrescuedinjuredhedgehogsinpartsofWales.Allmanalsovisitedschoolstoteachpeopleabouthedgehogsandraisedmoney?20．?(support)animalrescuecenters.三、第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題;每小題2分,共28分）閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。2024HarvardWinterPrograminShanghaiChinaThecityofShanghaihasbroughttogetherdiversepeoples,cultures,andeconomiesfromvariouspartsofChinaandaroundtheworld.Blendingculturalstudieswithsocialsciences,2024HarvardWinterPrograminShanghai,Chinawillhelpyouunderstandthecity.Programdates:November8,2024toDecember21,2024Applyby:August25,2024第2頁P(yáng)rogramStructureThissix-weekprogramincludestwocoursesonShanghai'sculturalhistoryandeconomicdevelopmentexperiences.Youstarteachweekwithtwodaysofseminars(研討會(huì))designedtoletyouseeShanghaidifferently.OnWednesdaysandThursdays,thegroupmovestoafieldsiteforahands-onresearchpracticum(實(shí)踐操作課)incompanies,governmentoffices,andcommunities.Overtheweekend,youtryyourownhandsatexploringthecityanditseconomy,workingoncreativeprojectsand/orresearchpapers,withaflexiblefinalprojectformatthataccommodatesstudentpriorities.Theprogramcountsastwosemester-longcoursesofdegreecredit(學(xué)分),4creditseach.BothprogramcoursescancounttowardsEastAsianStudiescredit.AccommodationsYouwillliveinanon-campushotelinoneofChina'smostdistinguishedacademicinstitutions.Hotelservicesincludewi-fi,dailyhousekeeping,safeforstorageofvaluables,cafeteriaandgym.Apartfromallthepracticalconveniencesofastudentdistrict,thecampusalsoofferslibraryaccessandwillbeanidealbaseforyourcreativeandresearchprojects.ApplicationToapply,youmust:?Beatleast18yearsold?Havecompletedatleastoneyearofcollege?BeingoodacademicstandingStudentsenrolledatanyuniversityarewelcometoapply.TheWinter2024applicationwillbeavailableinearlyJuly.Eachprogramhasuniquerequirementsincludedintheonlineapplication.Beginningyourapplicationearlyisthebestwaytoensurethatyouhavesufficienttimetoreviewandcompletetheapplicationrequirementsbythedeadline.Ifyouhavequestionsabouttheapplication,pleasecontacttheHarvardStudyAbroadOfficebyemailatwinterabroad@.21．Ifyoutake2024HarvardWinterProgram,you____.A．willliveinahotelnearHarvardcampusB．willspendtwelvedaysintotalonseminarsC．canget4creditstowardsEastAsianStudiesD．mustcompletearesearchpaperforaproject22．Ifyouwanttoapplyforthisprogram,youmust____.A．beahighschoolsenior第3頁B．havereceivedhands-ontrainingC．haveworkexperienceincompaniesD．finishnolessthanoneyearofcollege23．Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A．Tostressthevalueoftakingawinterprogram.B．Toattractmorepeopletoapplyforawinterprogram.C．ToshareamemorableexperienceatHarvardUniversity.D．TointroducerequirementsforafinalprojectatHarvardUniversity.閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。"Abirdwithabrokenwingwillneverflyashigh."I'msurethatT.J.Warewasmadetofeelthiswayalmosteverydayinschool.Byhighschool,T.J.wasthemostcelebratedtroublemakerinhistown.Hewasalwaysimpolite,didn'tanswerquestionsandgotintolotsoffights.ImetT.J.forthefirsttimeataweekendleadershipprogram.Atthestartoftheprogram,T.J.wasliterallystandingoutsidethecircleofstudentswiththat"goahead,impressme"lookonhisface.Theicereallymelted(融化)whenthegroupsstartedbuildingalistofpositiveandnegativethingsthatoccurredatschoolthatyear.T.J.hadbrilliantthoughtsonthosesituations.TheotherstudentsinT.J.'sgroupwelcomedhiscomments.AllofasuddenT.J.feltlikeapartofthegroup,andbeforelonghewasbeingtreatedlikealeader.Thenextfollowingdays,T.J.wasveryactiveinallthesessions.LaterhejoinedtheHomelessProjectteam.Heknewsomethingaboutpoverty,hungerandhopelessness.Theotherstudentsontheteamwereimpressedwithhispassionateconcernandideas.Bytheendoftheprogram,thestudentselectedT.J.co-chairmanoftheteam.Manypeoplecouldn'tbelievethattheprincipal(校長)wouldallowthiscrucialbeginningtoathree-yearactionplantostayintheincapablehandsofT.J.Ware.Twoweekslater,T.J.andhisfriendsledagroupof70studentsinadrivetocollectfood.Theycollectedaschoolrecord:2,854cansoffoodinjusttwohours.Asthelocalnewspapercoveredtheeventwithafullarticle,T.J.startedshowingupatschooleverydayandansweredquestionsfromteachersforthefirsttime.Later,heledasecondproject,yielding9,000cansoffoodinonedayandtakingcareof70percentoftheneededfoodforthehomelessshelterforoneyear.T.J.remindsusthatabirdwithabrokenwingonlyneedsmending.Butonceithashealed,itcanflyhigherthantherest.T.J.gotajob.Hebecameproductive.Heisflyingquitenicelythesedays.24．Atfirst,whatwasT.J.knownforinthetown?A．Misbehaviorandrudeness.B．Popularityinhisgroup.C．Pooracademicperformance.D．Activenessinclassdiscussion.第4頁25．WhatchangedT.J.'sattitudetowardstheprogram?A．Gettingsupportfromtheprincipal.B．JoiningtheHomelessProjectteam.C．Beingtheco-chairmanoftheteam.D．Gaininggroupmembers'recognition.26．Whatcanbelearntfromthestory?A．Liketeacher,likepupil.B．Neverfishintroubledwater.C．Donotjudgeabookbyitscover.D．Birdsofafeatherflocktogether.閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Foryears,scientistshavebeentryingtofigureoutwhether"brainworkouts"suchaspuzzles(字謎)andonlinecognitivegamescouldstrengthenourmindsandslowtheprocessofaging.Now,astudyhasfoundthatregularlyattemptingacrosswordmayhelpslowdeclineinsomepeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment(障礙),anearlystageoffalteringmemorythatcansometimesprogresstodementia(癡呆癥).Whilethestudydidn'tinvestigatewhethercrosswordsbenefityoungeradultswhoarenotdealingwithcognitivedecline,itsuggeststhatkeepingyourmindactiveasyouagemaybenefityourbrain.Andtheresearchoffershopetothosediagnosedwithmildcognitiveimpairmentthattheymaybeabletostaveofffurtherdeclinesinthememory,languageproblemsanddecision-makingthatarethehallmarkofthecondition.TheAmericanAcademyofNeurologyestimatesthatmildcognitiveimpairmentaffectsabout8percentofpeopleages65to69;10percentofpeopleages70to74;15percentofpeopleages75to79;25percentofthoseages80to84;andabout37percentofpeople85andolder.Theresearch,whichwasfundedbytheNationalInstituteonAging,recruited107adultsages55to95withmildcognitiveimpairment.For12weeks,theywereallaskedtoplayoneoftwotypesofgames,fourtimesaweek—spendingeither30minutesonLumosity,apopularcognitivetrainingplatform,or30minutesattemptingadigitalcrossword.After12weeks,theparticipantswerereevaluatedandgiven"booster"dosesofgameplaysixmoretimesduringthe78-weekexperiment.Bytheendofthestudy,participantsweregivenstandardassessmentsusedtomeasurecognitivedecline,andfriendsandfamilyreportedontheirday-to-dayfunctioning.MRIscansalsowereusedtomeasurebrainvolumechanges.Researchersfoundthatinkeymeasurements—cognitivedeclinescores,functionalskillsandbrainvolumechanges—theregularcrosswordplayersfaredbetterthanthegameplayers.第5頁Thefindingsurprisedthescientistsbehindthestudywhohadexpectedthatchallengingweb-basedbraingames,whichwerespecificallydesignedtoboostcognitivefunction,wouldofferthemostbenefit."Ourstudyshowsthatinpeoplewithmildcognitiveimpairment,crosswordpuzzlesbeatthecomputerizedgamesonmultiplemetrics,"saidMuraliDoraiswamy,aco-authorofthestudy."So,ifyouhavemildcognitiveimpairment,whichisdifferentfromnormalaging,thentherecommendationwouldbetokeepyourbrainactivewithcrosswordpuzzles."PeoplewithhigherdegreesofcognitiveimpairmentappearedtobenefitthemostfromdoingthecrosswordwhichwasdesignedtobeamoderatelydifficultpuzzlecomparabletotheThursdaygame.Thestudyhaslimitations.Someoftheparticipantsmayhavejustbeenmorefamiliarwithcrosswordsandthat'swhytheyrespondedbettertothepuzzlesthantoLumosity'scomputergames.Moreyearsoffollow-upalsoareneededtodeterminewhetherinterventionssuchascrosswordpuzzlescan"trulypreventdementia,"Doraiswamysaid.27．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"staveoff"inParagraph3probablymean?A．Promote.B．Prevent.C．Experience.D．Cause.28．Paragraph4iswrittento____.A．showaconcerningconditionC．presentreal-lifeexamplesB．comparedifferentgroupsD．proveanassumption29．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．One'sdegreeofcognitiveimpairmentdependsonhowoldheis.B．Solvingcrosswordpuzzlesisarecommendationtoelderlypeople.C．Theefficiencyofpuzzlesinpreventingdementiahasbeenproved.D．Crosswords'effectsarelinkedtohowseriouscognitiveimpairmentis.30．Whatmakesthefindingsofthestudyfarfromconclusive?A．Thelackofvariables.B．Theweaknessesofassessments.C．Theinsufficiencyoftimespan.D．Thesubjects'preferenceforgames.閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。APerspectivearticlepublishedinNaturethisweeksaysthatAIsystemsposeafurtherrisk:thatresearchersenvisionsuchtoolsaspossessedofsuperhumanabilitieswhenitcomestoobjectivity,productivityandunderstandingcomplexconcepts.ScientistsplanningtouseAI"mustevaluatetheserisksnow,whileAIapplicationsarestillnascent(未成熟的),becausetheywillbemuchmoredifficulttoaddressifAItoolsbecomedeeplyembeddedintheresearchpipeline",writeco-authorsLisaMesseriandMollyCrockett.第6頁Inthisarticle,MesseriandCrockettputtogetherapictureofthewaysinwhichscientistsseeAIsystemsasenhancinghumancapabilities.Inone‘vision',whichtheycallAIasOracle,researchersseeAItoolsasabletotirelesslyreadanddigestscientificpapers,andsosurveythescientificliteraturemoreexhaustivelythanpeoplecan.InbothOracleandanothervision,calledAIasArbiter,systemsareperceivedasevaluatingscientificfindingsmoreobjectivelythandopeople,becausetheyarelesslikelytocherry-picktheliteraturetosupportadesiredhypothesisortoshowfavouritisminpeerreview.Inathirdvision,AIasQuant,AItoolsseemtosurpassthelimitsofthehumanmindinanalyzingvastandcomplexdata.Inthefourth,AIasSurrogate,AItoolssimulate(模擬)datathataretoodifficultorcomplextoobtain.Informedbyanthropologyandcognitivescience,MesseriandCrockettpredictrisksthatarisefromthesevisions.Oneistheillusionofexplanatorydepth,inwhichpeoplerelyingonanotherperson—or,inthiscase,analgorithm—forknowledgehaveatendencytomistakethatknowledgefortheirownandthinktheirunderstandingisdeeperthanitactuallyis.AnotherriskisthatresearchbecomesskewedtowardsstudyingthekindsofthingthatAIsystemscantest—theresearcherscallthistheillusionofexploratorybreadth.Forexample,insocialscience,thevisionofAIasSurrogatecouldencourageexperimentsinvolvinghumanbehaviorsthatcanbesimulatedbyanAI—anddiscouragethoseonbehaviorsthatcannot,suchasanythingthatrequiresbeingembodiedphysically.There'salsotheillusionofobjectivity,inwhichresearchersseeAIsystemsasrepresentingallpossibleviewpointsornothavingaviewpoint.Infact,thesetoolsreflectonlytheviewpointsfoundinthedatatheyhavebeentrainedon,andareknowntoadoptthebiases(偏見)foundinthosedata."There'sariskthatweforgetthattherearecertainquestionswejustcan'tanswerabouthumanbeingsusingAItools,"saysCrockett.Theillusionofobjectivityisparticularlyworryinggiventhebenefitsofincludingdiverseviewpointsinresearch.Ifyou'reascientistplanningtouseAI,youcanreducethesedangersthroughanumberofstrategies.Oneistomapyourproposedusetooneofthevisions,andconsiderwhichtrapsyouaremostlikelytofallinto.AnotherapproachistobedeliberateabouthowyouuseAI.DeployingAItoolstosavetimeonsomethingyourteamalreadyhasexpertiseinislessriskythanusingthemtoprovideexpertiseyoujustdon'thave,saysCrockett.31．AccordingtoParagraph2,whichmightscientistsagreewith?A．Humanintelligencecan'tbeovershadowedinanalyzingdata.B．PrejudicehasbeenruledoutbyAItoolsinscientificevaluation.C．Studieswithdesiredhypothesisareusuallyfavoredinpeerreview.D．AIcanconductarelativelythoroughoverviewofthepriorresearch.32．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"skewed"inParagraph4probablymean?A．Declining.B．Partial.C．Dynamic.D．Irrelevant.第7頁33．Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A．RelyingonAItofillgapsintheteam'sknowledgeismuchpreferable.B．AIisn'tlimitedtotheoutlookandbiasespresentwithinitstrainingdata.C．InstantactionsmustbetakentorateAI'srisksbeforeitisfullyintegratedintoresearch.D．UserscountingheavilyonAItendtounderestimatetheirinsightofaconcept.34．Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．ACallforConsideredUseofAIinScienceB．TheUnseenBiasesofAIinSocialScienceC．AI'sRoleinEnhancingHumanExpertiseD．HowAIIsShapingScientificDiscovery四、第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2分,共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng),并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Howobjectiveareyou?Howoftenareyouover-reactingtosituations,takingthingspersonallyorjudgingpeopleunfairly?Wealldothisatsometimeoranother.?35．?.Understress,mostofusdrawsolelyonourpastexperiencesandbiases,whichcloudourabilitytoseethingsclearlyandmakesoundjudgments.Moreover,ourdesiretosucceedisoftensostrong,that,undertheseintensecircumstances,ourlimitingmentalmodelstendtogetinourway,creatingevenmorestressandcausingustoreactinwaysthatwemayregret.Ourabilitytobeobjectivedependsonourwillingnesstoquestionourmentalmodels,thelensthroughwhichweperceive,interpretandrespondtoourworld.Ifourmentalmodelsareincorrect,thenourunderstandingofwhatisgoingonandourresponsetoit,areoftenincorrect.?36．?.Thegoodnewsisthatwithpractice,wecaninterruptourautomaticreactions,andchooseadifferentresponse.Eachtimewedothis,wearere-wiringourneuralnetworkbycreatingnewpathwaysbasedonnewmodels:newwaysofperceivingandrespondingtoourworld.?37．Oneofthemostpowerfulmentalmodeltransformationcatalysts(催化劑)isnewknowledgeorlogicthatchallengeoldwaysofthinking.?38．?They'veusuallybeenwithusawhile,sowetendtotrustthem.For?.mostofus,wehaveneverbeentaughtaboutmentalmodelsandhowtoevaluatethemtodetermineiftheyarehelpfulorharmful.Totransformunproductivementalmodels,wemustchangeourmind!Wehavetodecide,throughourownlogicandreason,whetherourwayofseeingtheworldisnolongervalidforus.?39．?Itisinthewakeofthisnewknowledgethattransformationtakesplace.Atthatmoment,asetofnewconnectionsiscreatedinthebrain.It'sthesenewconnectionsthathavethepotentialtoenhanceourmentalresourcestohelpustransformlimitingmental第8頁models.A.Wecanactuallylearntothinksmarter!B.Anobjectiveleadermustjudgeandtreatpeoplefairly.C.Thisrequiresthatwebeopentonewknowledgeandreasoning.D.Thekeyistoacceptaproblemasitoccursandnottakeitpersonally.E.Thisiswhywesometimesmisjudgesituationsandtakethingspersonally.F.Aswehaveseen,mentalmodelsaredeep—rootedbeliefswetendtoholdonto.G.Thechallengeisthatwhenweareunderpressure,wetendtobelessobjective.,3212小題;共12,在設(shè)空處填入恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。40．Withtheprogressofnewmedicalresearch,I'm?againoneday.（根據(jù)句意填空）?thatpeoplelikemewouldbeabletowalk41．Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetireless?wasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）?ofthecity'speople,anewTangshan42．Soonafter,however,problemscameupandthe"whitebikes"all?amatterofweeks!（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）?—thievesstolethemallin43．Untilhepassedawayin1961,Meihadbeenperformingandencouragingthe?almost60years.(根據(jù)句意填空)?ofPekingOperafor44．Ofcourse,therearestillenvironmentalrisks.However,theseshouldbebalancedwitheconomicneeds.Hopefully,astechnologyimproves,wemayhavemore??thisbalance.(根據(jù)句意填空)45．Bike-sharingisacheapandeasywaytosaveenergy,reduceairandnoisepollution,andenjoythe??ofexerciseincities.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）46．Whenacquiringnewknowledge,I'lltrytomake??withwhatIhavealreadylearnt.（根據(jù)句意單詞拼寫）47．Iamproudthatwebuiltour"impossible"railway,anddidsowiththecarethattheenvironment??.(用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空)48．XieLeichosetolivewithahostfamily,whocanhelpwithher??tothenewenvironment.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）49．TheorganizationiscalledRoots&Shootsbecauserootsmoveslowlyunderthegroundtomakeafirm??,andshootsseemsmallandweak,buttheycanbreakopenbrickwallstoreachthelight.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）50．Butperhapswhatismostsignificantisthewayinwhichpeoplehaveworkedin??withnaturetomaketheseterracesandgrowrice.(根據(jù)句意填空)第9頁51．??withpeoplefromdiverseculturalbackgroundshelpsusviewtheworldfromdifferentangles.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）六、第二節(jié)（20分）52．假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高一學(xué)生李華。你校公眾號(hào)英語欄目正舉辦主題為"用英語講中國故事"的征文活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你寫一篇短文投稿，介紹能代表中國形象的優(yōu)秀人物事跡、傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)形式或獨(dú)特的自然人文景觀，并闡釋其能代表中國形象的原因。習(xí)作要求主題鮮明、細(xì)節(jié)描述能體現(xiàn)主題；語言準(zhǔn)確得體；詞數(shù)100左右。第10頁答案解析部分【答案】1．B；2．A；3．C；4．D；5．A；6．B；7．D；8．D；9．B；10．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一位醫(yī)療代表在殘疾小孩的勇氣和希望激勵(lì)下，重新找回自我價(jià)值和追求夢(mèng)想的故事?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查完形填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及動(dòng)詞，名詞，形容詞，固定短語等多個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，是一篇故事類閱讀，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。1．句意：十年前，我剛開始我的第一份工作，在印度的一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)擔(dān)任醫(yī)療代表——但我每時(shí)每刻都在后悔。A.expecting"期待"；B.regretting"后悔"；C.missing"錯(cuò)過"；D.wondering"想知道"。根據(jù)下文"topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneedformydrugsornot"可知，作者很后悔干這個(gè)工作，因?yàn)闊o論是否有人需要作者的藥，作者都需要推銷。故選B。2．句意：不管我的藥是否有需求，我都有推銷和銷售的壓力。A.pressure"壓力"；B.desire"渴望"；C.pleasure"快樂"；D.chance"機(jī)會(huì)"。根據(jù)空后"topromoteandgetsalesregardlessofwhethertherewasaneedformydrugsornot"可知，作者面臨的是推銷和銷售藥的壓力。故選A。3．句意：更糟糕的是，我偏離了攻讀生物學(xué)博士學(xué)位的原計(jì)劃。A.passing"經(jīng)過"；B.developing"發(fā)展"；C.departing"離開"；D.starting"開始"。根據(jù)空前"Tomakemattersworse"可知，作者沒能按原計(jì)劃讀生物學(xué)博士學(xué)位，departfrom固定短語，"背離"。故選C。4．句意：然而，沒有人認(rèn)為值得下車，把石頭搬到路邊，這樣它就可以安然無恙地躺在那里了。A.difficult"困難的"；B.dangerous"危險(xiǎn)的"；C.possible"可能的"；D.worthwhile"值得的"。根據(jù)空后"getoutofthevehiclesandmovetherocktotheedgeoftheroadwhereitwouldlie,harmless"可知，沒有人會(huì)覺得把石頭搬到路邊是值得的。故選D。5．句意：他用雙手匍匐著，身子拖在身后。A.dragging"拖"；B.shaping"塑造"；C.lifting"舉起"；D.folding"折疊"。根據(jù)空前"Hewascrawlingonbothhishands"可知，他用雙手爬，所以是拖著自己的身體。故選A。6．句意：他堅(jiān)定地望著那塊石頭，仿佛在對(duì)那塊石頭說："你是我意志的工具。"A.anxiety"焦慮"；B.determination"決心"；C.confusion"困惑"；D.amazement"驚詫，驚奇"。根據(jù)空后"Youareaninstrumentofmywill"可知，那個(gè)孩子很堅(jiān)定地望著石頭。故選B。7．句意：他設(shè)法把那塊石頭推到路邊。A.planned"計(jì)劃"；B.failed"失敗"；C.learnt"學(xué)習(xí)"；D.managed"設(shè)法做到"。根據(jù)下文"Icanneverforgetthatlookofprideonhisface"可知，那個(gè)孩子是設(shè)法把石頭搬到了路邊，所以臉上才會(huì)有自豪。故選D。8．句意：我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記他臉上的驕傲，這表明他已經(jīng)完成了像我這樣健全的人避免做的事情。A.recalled"回想起"；B.considered"考慮"；C.preserved"保護(hù)"；D.accomplished"完成"。根據(jù)上文"He7topushtherocktothesideoftheroad"可知，那個(gè)孩子設(shè)法把石頭搬到了路邊，所以是完成了健全人避免做的事情。故選第11頁D。9．句意：從那以后，我再也沒有放棄過。A.calmeddown"平靜下來"；B.givenup"放棄"；C.brokenin"闖入"；D.workedout"解決"。根據(jù)下文"IdidpursuemydreamoffinishingaPh.Dinthebiologicalsciences"可知，作者追逐自己的夢(mèng)想，所以是沒有放棄。故選B。10．句意：對(duì)于這位不為人知的希望和勇氣的使者，這是我想給予的掌聲——盡管來得有些遲。A.cooperation"合作"；B.generosity"慷慨"；C.courage"勇氣"；D.enthusiasm"熱情"。根據(jù)上文"He7topushtherocktothesideoftheroad"可知，那個(gè)殘疾的孩子把石頭搬到了路中間，可見他是一個(gè)有勇氣的人，向作者傳達(dá)了勇氣。故選C?！敬鸢浮?1．visited；12．a(chǎn)gainst；13．sustainable【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，報(bào)道了加那利群島旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀、當(dāng)?shù)厝说膽B(tài)度以及他們對(duì)可持續(xù)旅游業(yè)的期望?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查語法填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及時(shí)態(tài)，介詞，形容詞等知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。11．句意：2023年，有1390萬人參觀了西班牙的加那利群島，這是實(shí)際居住在那里的人數(shù)的六倍。此處是謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語In2023可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故填visited。12．句意：當(dāng)?shù)厝吮硎?，他們并不反?duì)所有的旅游業(yè)，因?yàn)樗鼊?chuàng)造了就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和金錢，但他們希望政府限制游客的數(shù)量。由"becauseitcreatesjobsandmoney"可知，此處表示"當(dāng)?shù)厝吮硎?，他們并不反?duì)所有的旅游業(yè)"，空格處意為"反對(duì)"，用against，故填against。13．句意：他們認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)該計(jì)算出可以支持多少游客，這樣加那利群島就可以成為可持續(xù)旅游業(yè)的一個(gè)例子。此處形容詞作定語，修飾名詞tourism，此處表示"可持續(xù)旅游業(yè)"，故填sustainable?！敬鸢浮?4．that/which；15．caused；16．leaving；17．where【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了影響遷徙鳥類覓食的因素：氣候變化和越來越多的土地被用于農(nóng)業(yè)?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查語法填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及非謂語動(dòng)詞，定語從句等知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。14．句意：有些鳥吃初春時(shí)節(jié)開始生長的草芽。starttogrowatthebeginningoftheseason是限制性定語從句，先行詞是grassshoots，指物，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作主語，使用關(guān)系代詞that或which引導(dǎo)，故填that/which。15．句意：這種食物來源只能供應(yīng)幾個(gè)星期，氣候變化引起的氣溫上升有時(shí)會(huì)使草比平時(shí)生長得早。cause和risingtemperatures之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，此處作后置定語，故填caused。16．句意：這意味著有些鳥來的太晚了，沒有時(shí)間吃草，導(dǎo)致它們沒有食物來源。該空后內(nèi)容是前句造成的意料之中的結(jié)果，leave使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作結(jié)果狀語，故填leaving。第12頁17．句意：隨著越來越多的土地被用于農(nóng)業(yè)，鳥類覓食的天然濕地也在消失。birdsliketosearchforfood是限制性定語從句，先行詞是thenaturalwetlands，關(guān)系詞替代先行詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，使用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)，故填where。【答案】18．goes；19．when；20．tosupport【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了DylanAllman因保護(hù)刺猬獲得獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，Allman四年前啟動(dòng)保護(hù)項(xiàng)目，救援受傷刺猬，普及知識(shí)并籌款支持動(dòng)物救助中心。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查語法填空，本題考點(diǎn)涉及時(shí)態(tài)，主謂一致，非謂語動(dòng)詞，定語從句等知識(shí)點(diǎn)的考查，要求考生在理解細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，并結(jié)合相關(guān)語法知識(shí)，進(jìn)行分析推理，從而寫出正確的單詞形式。18．句意：該獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)頒給那些在他們的社區(qū)中做出改變的鼓舞人心的人們。此處是謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句中make可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，go與主語Theaward之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且主語Theaward是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞使用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填goes。19．句意：Allman的任務(wù)始于四年前，當(dāng)時(shí)他開始對(duì)花園里刺猬的數(shù)量感興趣。hebecameinterestedinthenumberofhedgehogsinhisgarden是限制性定語從句，描述fouryearsago這一時(shí)間發(fā)生的事件，關(guān)系詞在從句中作時(shí)間狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)從句。故填when。20．句意：Allman還參觀了學(xué)校，向人們傳授刺猬的知識(shí)，并籌集資金支持動(dòng)物救援中心。此處動(dòng)詞不定式形式作目的狀語。故填tosupport?！敬鸢浮?1．B22．D23．B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了2024年哈佛冬季上海項(xiàng)目的相關(guān)信息?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，包含細(xì)節(jié)理解題、推理判斷題，是一篇介紹類閱讀，注意先略讀文章，掌握文章大意，再分析題干及選項(xiàng)，到文中找到相關(guān)內(nèi)容并進(jìn)行理解。21．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)ProgramStructure部分中的"Thissix-weekprogramincludestwocoursesonShanghai'sculturalhistoryandeconomicdevelopmentexperiences.Youstarteachweekwithtwodaysofseminars(研討會(huì))designedtoletyouseeShanghaidifferently."這個(gè)為期六周的課程包括兩門關(guān)于上海文化史和經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)的課程。你每周都會(huì)參加為期兩天的研討會(huì)，讓你以不同的方式看待上海?？芍?，如果你參加2024年哈佛冬季項(xiàng)目，你將在六周時(shí)間內(nèi)每周參加為期兩天的研討會(huì)，即你將總計(jì)花12天時(shí)間參加研討會(huì)。故選B。22．考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)Application部分中的"Havecompletedatleastoneyearofcollege"已完成至少一年的大學(xué)教育?？芍?，如果你想申請(qǐng)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目，你必須至少完成了一年的大學(xué)教育。故選D。23．考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的"Blendingculturalstudieswithsocialsciences,2024HarvardWinterProgram第13頁inShanghai,Chinawillhelpyouunderstandthecity."將文化研究與社會(huì)科學(xué)相結(jié)合，中國上海2024年哈佛冬季項(xiàng)目將幫助您了解這座城市；以及倒數(shù)第二段"TheWinter2024applicationwillbeavailableinearlyJuly.Eachprogramhasuniquerequirementsincludedintheonlineapplication.Beginningyourapplicationearlyisthebestwaytoensurethatyouhavesufficienttimetoreviewandcompletetheapplicationrequirementsbythedeadline."(2024年冬季應(yīng)用程序?qū)⒂?月初推出。在線申請(qǐng)中包含的每個(gè)程序都有獨(dú)特的要求。盡早開始申請(qǐng)是確保您有足夠時(shí)間在截止日期前審查和完成申請(qǐng)要求的最佳方式；以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文介紹了2024年哈佛冬季上海項(xiàng)目的日期、申請(qǐng)要求、課程結(jié)構(gòu)、住宿信息等相關(guān)信息，其目的是吸引更多人申請(qǐng)參加該項(xiàng)目。故選B?！敬鸢浮?4．A25．D26．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，講述了曾經(jīng)的問題少年T.J.Ware在一次領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力培