Unit5WordsandExpressions1.(序言)competent:adj.havingenoughskillorknowledgetodosth.toasatisfactorystandardIwouldn’tsayhewasbrilliantbutheiscompetentathisjob.CF:competent,able,capable這些形容詞均含有“有能力的，能干的”之意competent強調(diào)具有能勝任某項工作的足夠技能或其它所需的條件。able最常用詞，多用于褒義，著重指有能力做某事，常用于beableto這個詞組。capable語氣弱于able，指有能力、有潛力做某事，常與of連用。Exercise:(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththethreewordsabove.1.Willshebe______tocopewiththework?(=able)2.Ithinkyourplanis_____ofbeingimproved.(=capable)3.Weneedtogetanassistantwho’s_____andefficient.(=capable)4.Sheis______in/forherwork.(=competent)5.It’ssowonderfulbeing_____toseetheseafrommywindow.(=able)6.Thiscourtisnot______withregardtoyourcase.(=competent)2.(序言)integrity:n.1)thequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberightNoonedoubtedthatthepresidentwasamanofthehighestintegrity.(插入聲音文件integrity)(=Billisreallyamanofintegrity.)2)(formal)thestateofbeingunitedasonecompletethingAmodernextensionontheoldbuildingwouldruinitsarchitecturalintegrity.他們竭盡全力保持自己的文化完整。(=Theytriedtheirbesttokeeptheirculturalintegrityintact.)3.(Para.1)consult:1.v.askforinformationoradvicefromsb.becauseitistheirjobtoknowsth.I’mnotquitesurehowtogetthere—I’dbetterconsultamap.2.v.discusssth.withsomeonesothatyoucanmakeadecisiontogetherWhydidn’tyouconsultmeaboutthis?他們將就如何開展進行競選活動進行磋商。(插入圖片文件consult)(=Theyaregoingtoconsultonhowtolaunchtheelectioncampaign.)Patterns:consultsb.aboutsth. consultwith 4.(Para.1)morale:n.thelevelofconfidenceandpositivefeelingsthatpeoplehave,especiallypeoplewhoworktogether,whobelongtothesameteam,etc.Acoupleofvictorieswouldimprovetheteam’smoraleenormously.長期的失業(yè)使得他精神不振。(=Alongperiodofunemploymentweakenedhismorale.)5.(Para.1)risethroughtheranks:makeprogressfromalowpositiontoahighpositionOnourships,theofficersrosethroughtheranksandeveryyoungsailorboyhadhischances.(插入聲音文件rank)(=Shehadjoinedthecompanyasasecretaryandrisenthroughtheranks.)6.(Para.2)stump:v.ifyouarestumpedbyaquestionorproblem,youareunabletofindananswertoitI’mcompletelystumped—howdidshemanagetoescape?我很為難,簡直不知如何是好。(=I’mstumped:Ijustdon’tknowwhattodo.)7.(Para.2)emerge:v.1)appearorcomeoutfromsomewhereSheemergedfromthesea,bluewithcold.太陽從云朵后面鉆出來。(=Thesunemergedfrombehindacloud.)2)iffactsemerge,theybecomeknownafterbeinghiddenorsecretDifferencesontheissueshaveemerged.經(jīng)徹底調(diào)查，總的情況明朗了。(=Afterthoroughinvestigationthereemergedanoverallpicture.)Pattern:emergefrom8.(Para.3)affair:n.1)asecretsexualrelationshipbetweentwopeople,whenatleastoneofthemismarriedtosb.elseShe’shavinganaffairwithamarriedman.(插入聲音文件affair)(=Hehadanaffairwithhisbossthatlastedsixyears.)2)thingsconnectedwithyourpersonallife,yourfinancialsituation,etc.(插入圖片文件affair)Sheorganizesherfinancialaffairsveryefficiently.別理我，管好你自己的事。(=Leavemealone;mindyourownaffairs.)CF:affair,business&matter這些名詞均含“事情”之意。affair含義較廣，側(cè)重指與你個人生活有關(guān)的事務。復數(shù)形式多指重大或較復雜的事務。business通常指生意上的事情。matter普通用詞，著重指一件不得不考慮的或需要處理的事。Exercise:(Directions:)Fillintheblankswiththethreewordsabove.1.Theministerdealswithimportant_____.(=affairs)2.Willyouphonemeback—it’sa_____ofsomeimportance.(=matter)3.Ourfirmdoesalotof_____withoverseascustomers.(=business)4.Currently,therearefewerfirmsin_____intheareathaneverbefore.(=business)5.Talkingabouttheworld’sproblemsisonething,butsolvingthemisanother_____altogether.(=matter)6.WhatIdoinmysparetimeismy_____.(=affair)7.Aloisdeniedanyknowledgeofthe_____.(=matter)8.Eventuallytheyfoundaconsultanttheyfelttheycoulddo_____with.(=business)9.(Para.4)obvious:adj.easytonoticeorunderstandTheyhaveasmallchildsoforobviousreasonstheyneedmoney.ItwasobviousthatIknewverylittleaboutit.10.(Para.4)conduct:1.n.thewaysb.behaves,especiallyinpublic,intheirjob,etc.(插入聲音文件conduct)(=Theclubhasastrictcodeofconduct.)2.v.carryoutaparticularactivityorprocess,especiallyinordertogetinformationorprovefactsWeareconductingasurveytofindoutwhatourcustomersthinkoftheirlocalbusservice.實驗是由紐約的科學家們實施完成的。(插入圖片文件conduct)(=TheexperimentswereconductedbythescientistsinNewYork.)11.(Para.4)consequence:n.sth.thathappensasaresultofaparticularactionorsetofconditionsWell,ifyouinsistoneatingsomuch,you’llhavetosuffertheconsequences!這項決定會帶來深遠的影響。(=Thisdecisionwillbringlong-lastingconsequences.)Collocations:asaconsequenceoftaketheconsequences(of)12.(Para.6)constitute:v.ifseveralpeopleorthingsconstitutesth.,theyarethepartsthatformitWomenconstituteabout10%oftheparliament.(插入聲音文件constitute)(=Theunder-18sconstitutenearly25%ofthetown’spopulation.)CF:constitute,compose&consist這些動詞均含“組成，構(gòu)成”之意。constitute正式用詞，指由某些部分組成一個整體或構(gòu)成某物的基本成分。在句中，主語表事物的組成部分，賓語表示事物的整體。compose正式用詞，多用被動態(tài)。指將兩個或兩個以上的人或物放到一起形成一個整體。consist與of連用，指一個整體由幾個部分組成，或由某些材料構(gòu)成。Exercise:(Direction:)Fillintheblankswiththethreewordsabove,changetheformswherenecessary.1.Sevendays_____aweek.(=constitute)2.Thehouse______ofsixrooms.(=consists)3.Suchaction______afelony(重罪).(=constitutes)4.Wateris_______ofhydrogenandoxygen.(=composed)5.Thatarea’sfutureweatherpatternmight_____oflongdryperiods.(=consist)13.(Para.7)trait:n.(formal)aparticularqualityinsb’scharacterHissenseofhumorisoneofhisgoodtraits.他有個不大討人喜歡的特點，就是愛當眾責備孩子。(=Oneofhislessattractivetraitsiscriticizinghischildinpublic.)14.(Para.7)generosity:n.agenerousattitude,orgenerousbehaviourHerfriendstakeadvantageofhergenerosity.他以慷慨聞名。(=Heisknownforhisgenerosity.)NB:generosity的形容詞為generous，意為“慷慨的，大方的”；其反義詞為mean，意為“吝嗇的，小氣的”。15.(Para.6)inner:adj.1)innerthoughtsorfeelingsareonesthatyoufeelstronglybutdonotalwaysshowtootherpeopleSarahseemedtohaveaprofoundsenseofinnerpeace.2)ontheinsideorclosetothecentreofsth.Fewpeopleevermanagedtopenetratethestar’sinnersanctum.(插入聲音文件inner)(=Leadingoffthemainhallisaseriesofsmallinnerrooms.)16.(Para.9)dilemma:n.asituationinwhichitisverydifficulttodecidewhattodo,becauseallthechoicesseemequallygoodorequallybadThePresidentisclearlyinadilemmaabout/overhowtotacklethecrisis.醫(yī)生面臨的困境是要不要把事情的真相告訴病人。(插入圖片文件dilemma)(=Thedilemmathedoctorfacedwaswhetherheshouldtellthepatientthetruth.)Collocations:beinadilemma facedwiththedilemma placed…inadilemma 17.(序言)talent:n.anaturalabilitytodosth.wellHertalentformusicshowedatanearlyage.(插入聲音文件talent)(=Hisartistictalentswerewastedinhisboringjob.)NB:talent的形容詞形式為“talented”意為“有天賦的；有才干的”。CF：genius,talent,gift&ability這些名詞均可表示人的“能力，才能”之意。genius語氣最強，指天生的才能與智力。talent著重指一個某方面具有可發(fā)展和培養(yǎng)的突出天賦才能，但語意比genius弱。gift著重指一種天生的能力。ability普通用詞，指人先天的或?qū)W來的各種能力。Exercise:(Direction:)Fillintheblankswiththefourwordsabove.1.Wefoundhimworkmoresuitedtohis______.(=abilities)2.Billpossessesaremarkable______formusic.(=talent)3.Heishard-workingandable,butno_____.(=genius)4.Hehasmanyoutstanding_____.(=gifts)5.Her_____arewellknown.(=talents)6.Hehasthe_____todothework.(=ability)7.Shehasalwaysbeenabletolearnlanguageseasily;it’sa_____.(=gift)18.(序言)personality:n.sb.’scharacter,especiallythewaytheybehavetowardsotherpeopleHeiswellqualifiedforthejob,buthedoeslackpersonality.她個性很強。(=Shehasaverystrongpersonality.)19.(Para.10)figure：n.1)sb.whoisimportantorfamousinsomewaySeveralleadingfiguresresignedfromtheparty.2)sb.withaparticulartypeofappearanceorcharacter,especiallywhentheyarefarawayordifficulttosee我看見黑暗中有個人影走近。(=Isawafigureapproachinginthedarkness.)20.(Para.10)guideline：n.rulesorinstructionsaboutthebestwaytodosth.*TheEUhasissuedguidelinesonappropriatelevelsofpayforpart-timemanualworkers.現(xiàn)在的道德標準不像以前那么明確了。(=Todaythemoralguidelinesarelessobviousthantheywerebefore.)21.(Para.11)shift:v.1)ifsb.’sopinions,beliefs,etc.shift,theychangePublicopinionwasbeginningtoshifttotheright.Herefusedtoshifthisground.2)makesb.elseresponsibleforsth.,especiallyforsth.badthathashappenedDon’ttrytoshifttheresponsibilityontoothers:youmustdothejobyourself.3)movefromoneplaceorpositiontoanother,ormakesth.dothisJoelistened,shiftinguncomfortablyfromonefoottoanother.CF:shift,move,transfer&remove這些動詞均可表示“從一處移往另一處”之意。shift側(cè)重位置與方向的改變。move普通用詞，指從一處到另一外的任何距離的轉(zhuǎn)移。transfer一般表示轉(zhuǎn)送或移交，尤指交通運輸中的換乘或職務的調(diào)動等。remove作“移動”解時，與move可換用，另外還可指撤職或開除學藉等。Exercise:(Direction:)Fillintheblankswiththefourwordsabove,changetheformswherenecessary.1.Thechiefofpolicewas_____forfailingtodohisduty.(=removed)2.Mediaattention______recentlyontoenvironmentalissues.(=hasshifted)3Willyouhelpme_____thistabletothebackroom?(=move)4.IthoughtIcouldhearsomeone______about/aroundupstairs.(=moving)5.She_____herweightuneasilyfromonefoottotheother.(=shifted)6.Themencameto_____therubbishfromthebackyard.(=remove)7.We______fromonebusintoanother.(=weretransferred)22.(Para.12)motto:n.ashortsentenceorphrasegivingaruleonhowtobehave,whichexpressestheaimsorbeliefsofaperson,school,orinstitutionHermottois“Workhard,playhard”.“Beprepared”isthemottooftheboyscouts.23.(Para.12)deceptive:adj.sth.thatisdeceptiveseemstobeonethingbutisinfactverydifferentIt’sdeceptive—fromtheoutside,thebuildinglookssmall,butinside,It’squitebig.(插入聲音文件deceptive)(=Appearancesareoftendeceptive.)24.(Para.13)guarantee:v.1)makeaformalwrittenpromisetorepairorreplaceaproductifitbreakswithinaspecificperiodoftimeThefridgeisguaranteedfortwoyears.這手表保修三年。(插入圖片文件guarantee)(=Theyguaranteethewatchforthreeyears.)2)promisetodosth.ortopromisethatsth.willhappenIcannotguaranteetoworkformorethanayear.我保證你會喜歡這本書。(=Iguaranteethatyou’lllikethisbook.)n.aformalpromisethatsth.willbedoneThereisnoguaranteethatthedisputewillnotflareupagain.CF:guarantee,ensure&promise這些動詞都有“保證”之意。guarantee指對東西的質(zhì)量或某事肯定會發(fā)生的保證。ensure側(cè)重使人相信某事會發(fā)生。promise側(cè)重表自己的主觀意向，設法用語言使別人感到穩(wěn)當可靠。Exercise:(Direction:)Fillintheblankswiththethreewordslistedabove,changetheformswherenecessary.1.Theyhave_____delivery.(=guaranteed)2.He______faithfullytocallmeeveryweek.(=promised)3.Theairlineistakingstepsto_____safetyonitsaircraft.(=ensure)4.Theroleofthepoliceisto____thatthelawisobeyed.(=ensure)5.CanIhavethatbookbackwhenyou’vefinishedbecauseI’ve_____ittoSara.(=promised)6.Their2-0victorytodayhas_____theItalianteamaplaceintheCupFinal.(=ensured)7.Herparents______heranewcarifshepassedherexams.(=promised)8.Thelabelonthisbreadsaysitis_____freeof/frompreservatives.(=guaranteed)25.(Para.16)strength:n.thequalityofbeingbraveordeterminedindealingwithdifficultorunpleasantsituationsHeshowedgreatstrengthofcharacterwhenherefusedtoacceptthebribes.(插入聲音文件strength)(=Admittingyou’vemadeamistakeisasignofstrength,notweakness.)26.(Para.17)ge