PAGEPAGE1課時(shí)作業(yè)(七)[授課提示：對應(yīng)學(xué)生用書第261頁]課時(shí)練(一)閱讀理解提速練——練速度(限時(shí)：35分鐘)閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A[2024·新疆適應(yīng)性檢測]Youcaneithertravelorread,buteitheryourbodyorsoulmustbeontheway.Thepopularsayinghasinspiredmanypeopletoreadorgosightseeing.Herearefourbookswerecommendthatyoutakeonyourtrip.1．OntheRoad,1957,byJackKerouacThebookisapopularspiritualguidebookaboutyouth.ThemaincharacterinthebookdrivesacrosstheUScontinentwithseveralyoungpeopleandfinallyreachesMexico.Aftertheexhaustingandexcitingtrip,thecharactersinthebookbegintorealizethemeaningoflife.2．LifeIsElsewhere,1975,byMilanKunderaJean-JacquesRousseauoncesaid,“Manisbornfree,andeverywhereheisinchains.”Thebookdescribesayoungartist'sromanticbutmiserablelife,abouthowhereads,dreamsandhasarelationshipduringhistriptoCentralEurope.ThebookinvitesyoutodeeplyreflectonyourcurrentlifeandtohonorKundera,aCzech-bornwriterandwhowentintoexileinFrancein1975.3．MyNameIsRed,1998,byOrhanPamukThebook,featuringapeakmasterpieceoftheNobelPrizewinnerforLiteratureOrhanPamuk,hasbeentranslatedintomorethan50languagesandpublishedaroundtheworld.Ittellsastoryofayoungman,whowasawayfromhomefor12years,comingbacktohishometowninIstanbul.Whatembraceshimisnotonlylove,butaseriesofmurdercasesaswell.4．TheUnlikelyPilgrimageofHaroldFry,2013,byRachelJoyceThenoveltellsastoryofa60-year-oldmanwholivedaboringandunhappylife,untiloneday,hereceivedhisoldfriend'sletterwhogotcancer.Indeepshockandsorrow,hewentouttosendhisreplyletter.627milesin87days,hewalkeddependingononebeliefthat“hisfriendcansurviveaslongashewalks”．【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，舉薦了四本適合旅行攜帶的書。1．Whichbookcanmakeyouthinkofyourownlife?A．OntheRoad.B．LifeIsElsewhere.C．MyNameIsRed.D．TheUnlikelyPilgrimageofHaroldFry.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段最終一句中的“Thebookinvitesyoutodeeplyreflectonyourcurrentlife”可知，這本書《生活在別處》會(huì)讓你深刻地反思你現(xiàn)在的生活。本題選B。2．Whowroteabooksoldglobally?A．JackKerouac.B．MilanKundera.C．OrhanPamuk.D．RachelJoyce.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Thebook...hasbeentranslatedintomorethan50languagesandpublishedaroundtheworld”這本書已經(jīng)被翻譯成了五十多種語言并在世界各地出版可知，本題答案為C。3．Whenwastheinstructivebooktotheyouthpublished?A．In1957.B．In1975.C．In1998.D．In2013.答案與解析：A考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段第一句“Thebookisapopularspiritualguidebookaboutyouth”可知，對于年輕人有指導(dǎo)意義的書是《在路上》，這本書出版于1957年，故選A。4．Whydidtheoldmanwalksomanymilestosendaletter?A．Hewasindeepsorrow.B．Hewalkedtokeephealthy.C．Hewitnessedaseriesofmurder.D．Heexpectedhisfriendtolivelonger.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)文章最終一段最終一句“627milesin87days,hewalkeddependingononebeliefthat‘hisfriendcansurviveaslongashewalks’”可知，這位老人靠著“他能走多遠(yuǎn)，他的摯友就能活多久”的信念在87天走了627英里，故選D。B[2024·淄博市高三模擬]Recyclingisessentialintoday'sworld.Themostimportantreasonforthisisthathumanprogressandindustryhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletohavelotsofthings,andwhenpeoplehavemanymaterialpossessions,theyareboundtothrowsomeofthemaway.Thiscreatesalotofgarbagewhichinturndestroystheenvironment.Recyclingisawayforustokeeptheworldcleanasitemsarebrokendownandusedagain,preventingthelitteringoftheenvironment.Insteadofthrowingallyourgarbageintothetrashcan,youshouldseparatepaper,metal,glass,andplasticintodifferentcontainers.Compostshouldalsoberecycledasthisisexcellentfoodforfarmanimalsandalsomakesforgreatfertilizer(肥料)．Youshouldtrytobuyproductsthathavebeenrecycled.Youcanseeifanitemhasbeenmadefromrecycledmaterialsbyitslabel;ifit'sbeenrecycled,itwillsayso.Also,insteadofalwaysbuyingnewclothes,youcanarrangetohaveaclothingswapwithyourfriends.Youbringclothesyoudon'twantandpickitemsyouwantfromwhatotherpeoplehavebrought.Notonlydoesthissavetheenvironment,butitalsosavesyourpocketbook.Remember,whatisoneperson'sjunkcanbesomeoneelse'streasure!Thesayingcanbeappliedtoallsortsofthings:books,CDS,furniture,etc.Also,tryshoppingatsecond-handstores,becausetheyoftenhavelotsofitemsstillingoodshapeforyoutochoose.Manycountrieshavemadeiteasyforpeopletorecycle,asalongsidethenormalgarbagetrucks,specialgarbagetruckscomeandpickuprecyclables.However,inmanycountriesaroundtheworldtheresponsibilityisleftuptotheindividualtorecycle.Therefore,itmustbemadeapriority(優(yōu)先考慮的事)insocietysowecancontinuetomakeourenvironmentlivable.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇爭論文。人類的進(jìn)步和工業(yè)的發(fā)展使人們擁有很多東西，但同時(shí)也產(chǎn)生了很多垃圾，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)正確處理垃圾，并學(xué)會(huì)回收利用，每個(gè)人都應(yīng)當(dāng)將此作為自己的責(zé)任?！鹃L難句分析】Themostimportantreasonforthisisthathumanprogressandindustryhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletohavelotsofthings,andwhenpeoplehavemanymaterialpossessions,theyareboundtothrowsomeofthemaway.(第一段其次句)分析：that引導(dǎo)表語從句；when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。譯文：最重要的緣由是人類的進(jìn)步和工業(yè)的發(fā)展使人們有可能擁有很多東西，當(dāng)人們擁有很多物質(zhì)財(cái)寶時(shí)，他們必定會(huì)扔掉一些東西?！驹~匯積累】essentialadj.必要的garbagen．垃圾compostn．堆肥arrangev．支配5．Whyismorewastebeingmadeintoday'sworld?A．Peopledisliketheupdateditems.B．Peopleownabundantbelongings.C．Peopleintendtoliveasimplelife.D．Peoplehavemadegreatprogressinindustry.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。由第一段中的“Themostimportantreasonforthisisthathumanprogressandindustryhavemadeitpossibleforpeopletohavelotsofthings,andwhenpeoplehavemanymaterialpossessions,theyareboundtothrowsomeofthemaway.”可知，人們擁有很多東西，因此會(huì)產(chǎn)生很多垃圾。故選B。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3referto?A．Exchangingclotheswithfriends.B．Shoppingatsecond-handstores.C．Throwingawayoldclothes.D．Pickingupnewitems.答案與解析：A考查指代推斷。由第三段中的“Youbringclothesyoudon'twantandpickitemsyouwantfromwhatotherpeoplehavebrought.”關(guān)鍵句及畫線詞所在句可知，“和摯友交換衣服”這種做法不但可以愛護(hù)環(huán)境，而且還可以省錢。選A。7．Tomaketheenvironmentenjoyable,weshould______.A．a(chǎn)lwaysbuynewclothesB．chooserecyclableproductsC．goshoppingatchainstoresD．a(chǎn)rrangemoregarbagetrucks答案與解析：B考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。由第三段中的“Youshouldtrytobuyproductsthathavebeenrecycled.”可知，為了使環(huán)境變得更好，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇可循環(huán)利用的產(chǎn)品。選B。8．Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A．Governmentsdonothinginrecycling.B．Normalvehiclescanpickuprecyclables.C．Theindividualseldomcaresaboutrecycling.D．Everyoneshouldfeelsociallyresponsibleforrecycling.答案與解析：D考查推理推斷。依據(jù)最終一段內(nèi)容尤其是最終兩句可推知，人人都應(yīng)當(dāng)將回收利用作為社會(huì)責(zé)任。選D。C[2024·安徽省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)四校聯(lián)考]Tinytubesandfilaments(絲狀物)insomeCanadianrockappeartobetheoldestknownfossils(化石),givingnewsupportforsomeideasabouthowlifebegan,anewstudysays.Thefeatures(地理特征)aremineralizedremainsofwhatappeartobebacteriathatlivedsome3.77billionto4.28billionyearsago,thescientistssaid.ThatwouldbeolderthansomeotherrockfeaturesfoundinGreenland,whichwereconsideredtobefossilslastAugust.ThenewresultscomefromexaminingrockfoundalongtheeasternshoreofHudsonBayinnorthernQuebec.Thefilamentsandtubes,madeupofironoxidecalledhematite,appearedwithinarocktypecalledjasper.MatthewDoddofUniversityCollegeLondon,anauthorofthestudypublishedWednesdaybyNature,saidthelivingthingslivedintheseafloorwherewaterwasheatedbyavolcano.SincethefossilsarenearlyasoldasEarth,whichformedsome4.5billionyearsago,thefindingsupportspreviousindicationsthatlifemayhavebeguninsuchanenvironment,hesaid.Heandcolleaguespresentedseverallinesofevidencetosupporttheideathatthefilamentsandtubesaresignaturesofpastlife.Buttwoexpertswho'vepreviouslyreportedsimilarfindingssaidthey'renotconvinced.“Iwouldsaytheyarenotfossils，”MartinJ．VanKranendonkoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinAustralia,whoreportedtheGreenlandfindingslastyear,wroteinanemail.Thepaper'sevidenceforabiologicaloriginfallsshort,hesaid.AbigailAllwood,aNASAgeologist,saidtheauthorshaveproduced“oneofthemostdetailedcasesyetmade”forevidenceoflifeinrocksolderthan3.5billionyears.But“it'sanextraordinaryclaimtomakeandyoudoneedextraordinaryevidence，”shesaid.【語篇解讀】本文屬于說明文，主要介紹了MatthewDodd和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)在加拿大發(fā)覺的巖石特征，他們認(rèn)為這是地球早期的生命跡象，是最早的已知化石。但有科學(xué)家提出了反對看法，認(rèn)為他們的證據(jù)不充分。9．AccordingtoMatthewandhiscolleagues,thetubesandfilaments________.A．standforarocktypeB．a(chǎn)reasoldasEarthC．representthehumanoriginD．a(chǎn)reearly-lifeforms答案與解析：D考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段中的“someideasabouthowlifebegan”，第四段中的“thefindingsupportspreviousindicationsthatlifemayhavebeguninsuchanenvironment”以及第五段中的“thefilamentsandtubesaresignaturesofpastlife”可知，他們認(rèn)為thetubesandfilaments就是早期的生命形式。10．WhatdoMatthew,MartinandAbigailhaveincommon?A．Theyareworkingintheuniversities.B．TheyaccepttheGreenlandfindings.C．Theyhavebeenstudyingrockfeatures.D．Theyhavediscoveredtheoldestknownfossils.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第四段中的“Matthew...anauthorofthestudy”，第六段中的“Martin...whoreportedtheGreenlandfindingslastyear”和第七段內(nèi)容可知，他們?nèi)硕荚谶M(jìn)行巖石地理特征的探討。11．HowdoesMartinfeelaboutthenewstudy?A．Itconfirmedthebiologicalorigin.B．Itneedsmoretoconvincepeople.C．ItignoredtheGreenlandfindings.D．Itshouldn'thavecopiedhisevidence.答案與解析：B考查推理推斷。依據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知，Martin對Matthew他們的發(fā)覺表達(dá)了自己的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為thetubesandfilaments不是化石，說他們證據(jù)不足，由此可推知，他認(rèn)為該探討應(yīng)供應(yīng)更多的具有勸服力的證據(jù)。12．What'sAbigailAllwood'sattitudetowardsMatthew'sfinding?A．Objective.B．Indifferent.C．Vague.D．Disapproving.答案與解析：A考查觀點(diǎn)看法。依據(jù)最終一段的內(nèi)容可知，AbigailAllwood既確定該探討發(fā)覺的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，又提出探討人員須要供應(yīng)更有力的證據(jù)來證明該探討發(fā)覺的正確性與牢靠性。由此可知，她對該探討發(fā)覺持客觀的看法，故選A。D[2024·鄭州質(zhì)量預(yù)料]Adayinthelifeof18-year-oldDavidLansterisfulloftypicalteenagestuff:school,baseballpracticeandhomework.Andthenhestartscooking.“SomenightsI'mupuntil1：00a.m.makingpies,orevenlaterifwe'recookingbeef，”saidthestudentatRansomEvergladesHighSchoolinFlorida,US.Forthepastyear,LansterandKellyMoran,hisclassmate,havebeenhostingfancydinnerpartiesatLanster'sparents'home.Theirmealshave17coursesandareallmadebythemselves.Theirguestsusedtogivethemgiftstothankthemuntilthepairdecidedtodosomethingniceforcharity(慈善事業(yè)).“WegotsomereallygreatMiamiHeattickets,anicewatch,andmanykitchengadgets(小器具)，”Lanstersaid.“Butwewantedtomakethissomethingpositiveforpeopleotherthanus.”LansterandMoranfocusonCommonThreads,acharitythataimstoteachkidsinpoorcommunitiestocookandmakehealthyeatingchoices.Theyoungcooksasktheirgueststogivehowevermuchtheywantaspaymentfortheirmeals.ItallgoestoCommonThreadsbecauseLanster'sparentscovertheirfoodcosts.Aftertheirlast12-personevent,LansterandMorangave$1,600tothecharity.Now,they'retakingtheirshowoutofthekitchenandontheroad.Theyhavestartedtoorganizeprivatedinnerpartieswithasimilarmodel:thehostpaysfortheingredients,andtheguestsmakeadonationtoacharityoftheirchoice.Withoutformaltraining,Lanstersaidhehadbeeninterestedincookingsincehehelpedhismominthekitchenwhenhewasveryyoung.HelearnedhowtocookbyreadingcookbooksandwatchingTVprograms.Outsidethekitchen,thetwoarebusypreparingtheircollegeapplications.Neitherofthemissurewhattheywilldointhefuture,butthey'vepromisedtheirparentsthattheywillleaveprofessionalcookingaloneuntiltheyfinishschool.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了Lanster和KellyMoran組織慈善捐贈(zèng)的事跡?！径我馐崂怼康谝欢危篖anster是一名一般的青少年，但他每天晚上要做飯。其次至四段：Lanster和KellyMoran做飯并請人們吃飯，把人們留下的飯錢捐贈(zèng)給慈善組織。第五段：在做飯之外的時(shí)間，Lanster和KellyMoran忙于為申請高校做打算。【難句分析】Neitherofthemissurewhattheywilldointhefuture,butthey'vepromisedtheirparentsthattheywillleaveprofessionalcookingaloneuntiltheyfinishschool.分析：本句中what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，且在賓語從句中作賓語；that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。譯文：他們兩個(gè)人都不確定將來會(huì)做什么，但是他們已經(jīng)答應(yīng)父母，在(中學(xué))畢業(yè)前會(huì)把專業(yè)烹飪放到一邊。13．HowisLanster'slifedifferentfromotherteenagers'lives?A．Heplanstobecomeaprofessionalchef.B．Heplaysbaseballeverydayafterschool.C．Hegoestoacookingschoolinhissparetime.D．Heholdsdinnerpartiesafteranormalschoolday.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第一段中的“Aday...andhomework.Andthenhestartscooking”及其次段中的“Forthepastyear,LansterandKellyMoran,hisclassmate,havebeenhostingfancydinnerpartiesatLanster'sparents'home”可知，Lanster除了上學(xué)、練習(xí)棒球和做作業(yè)之外，他在正常的上學(xué)日之后還舉辦晚餐聚會(huì)。14．WhatwillLansterandMoranusuallydoafteraprivatedinnerparty?A．Receivethank-youcardsfromtheguests.B.VisitthepoorchildrenatCommonThreads.C.Askthegueststodonatemoneytothecharity.D.Coverthefoodcostswiththemoneycollected.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第三段中的“Theyoungcooksasktheirgueststogivehowevermuchtheywantaspaymentfortheirmeals.ItallgoestoCommonThreads...gave$1,600tothecharity”可知，Lanster和KellyMoran要求客人為飯菜隨意付些錢，他們把這些錢捐給慈善機(jī)構(gòu)。15．WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeLansterandMoran?A．Ambitious.B．Generous.C．Creative.D．Optimistic.答案與解析：B考查推理推斷。依據(jù)文章的描述可知，Lanster和KellyMoran做飯并請人們吃飯，把人們留下的飯錢捐贈(zèng)給慈善組織，所以他們是慷慨的。其次節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。[2024·江西贛中南五校聯(lián)考]Moreandmorepeopleareworkingremotely.Herearesometipstokeepinmindtostayfocusedonyourworkwhenworkingathome：Setandkeepregularofficehours.__1__Thentryyourbesttoleaveworkatthe“office”andturnyourphoneonsilentandenjoytherestofyourday.Giveyourselfsometimetorechargesoyoucanbeasproductiveaspossible.Planandstructureyourworkdays.Structureyourworkdaystomaximize(使最大化)efficiency.Takeadvantageofyourbody'snaturalrhythms.__2__Ifyouknowyoufocusbestinthemorning,resistthetemptationtocheckemailuntil10a．m.orlater.Setasideadesignated(指定的)workarea.Trytoworkatthesamespoteveryday.__3__Andmakeitaplaceyouenjoygoingtoeachday,anareawhereyoucanfocusanddoyourbestwork.Takebreaks.Scheduletimeforfrequentbreaksthroughouttheday.Risefromyourdesk,stretchorwalkaroundthehouseordownthestreet.__4__Ifyouneedsocialactivities,goouttolunchwithfriendsorclients.Avoiddistractions(使人分心的事)．Onechallengeofworkingathomeisdistraction.Withnocolleaguesorpartnersnearby,it'seasytobecomedistracted.Stayfocusedonworkthroughoutthedaytomaintainconsistentproductivity.__5__A．Itcouldbeasparebedroomthatyou'veturnedintoahomeoffice.B．Planyourworkaroundyourmostproductivehours.C．Doyourbesttosetworkhoursandsticktothem.D．Takealunchbreakandenjoyamiddaymeal.E．Itismorecomfortabletostayathome.F．Someinterruptionscan'tbeavoided.G．Avoidonlinedistractionsaswell.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了五種在家工作時(shí)如何保持留意力集中的方法。1．答案與解析：C依據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Setandkeepregularofficehours”可知，此處與工作時(shí)間的設(shè)定有關(guān)，所以選C項(xiàng)。2．答案與解析：B依據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Planandstructureyourworkdays”可推知，此處與工作支配有關(guān)，并與本段第一句“Structureyourworkdaystomaximize(使最大化)efficiency”呼應(yīng)，所以選B項(xiàng)。3．答案與解析：A依據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題“Setasideadesignated(指定的)workarea”可知，此處表示家庭辦公區(qū)的設(shè)定和支配，所以選A項(xiàng)。4．答案與解析：D依據(jù)本段第一句“Scheduletimeforfrequentbreaksthroughouttheday”并結(jié)合小標(biāo)題“Takebreaks”可推知，工作期間適當(dāng)休息一下有助于集中留意力，所以選D項(xiàng)。5．答案與解析：G依據(jù)本段小標(biāo)題“Avoiddistractions(使人分心的事)”可推知，網(wǎng)上使人分心的內(nèi)容也是集中留意力所須要避開的，所以選G項(xiàng)。課時(shí)練(二)英語學(xué)問運(yùn)用板塊練——練準(zhǔn)度(限時(shí)：30分鐘)英語學(xué)問運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1.5分，滿分30分)讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。[2024·重慶調(diào)研]Ilogontoacomputeratthedoctor'sofficetosayIhavearrivedandthenwaituntilavoicecallsmeintotheexaminationroom.There,aroboticnurse__1__meontothescalesandthentakesmybloodpressure.Sometimelater,instepsthe__2__，whoisalsoarobot.Henotesdownmy__3__andgivesmeaprescription(處方).Ipayformy__4__usingacreditcardandreturnhomewithouthavingmetanotherhumanbeing.Thisismynightmarish(噩夢般的)visionofthe__5__，whichhasn'thappened__6__yet.IshouldsayIreallydolikemanyaspectsof__7__.Iamabigfanofairconditioninginsummerandheatersin__8__.ButIamwritingthisbecauseIdon'twantmachinesto__9__.WhenIcallmydentist'sofficeandactuallygetahumanbeingontheline,Iam__10__.AndwhenIseetheintroductionofyetmoreself-servicecheckoutstationsatthegrocerystore,Ifeellike__11__，“Whenitcomestocashiers,makeminea(n)__12__，please！”Afterall,humancashierssometimes__13__youastorecoupon(實(shí)惠券)foritemsyouare__14__.Evenmorethanthat,real-lifecashiersoftentakeaninterestinparticularlycutechildren,whichcan__15__youngmothers'day.Acashiermayalsoshowcompassionforanelderlyperson__16__togetthatlastpennyoutofhispurse.Machinescanbe__17__andcost-effectiveandtheyoftengetthejobdonejustfine.__18__theylackanelementsoimportanttoeverydaylife.Callitthespirit,thesoulortheheart.Itis__19__nomachinewilleverhave.Itishumanbeingthat__20__ustosmileatothers,whichmaybewhattheyneedatthatmoment.【語篇解讀】本文是爭論文。隨著科技的發(fā)展，機(jī)器越來越多地被應(yīng)用于人類的日常生活中，作者認(rèn)為機(jī)器當(dāng)然能給人類的生活帶來便利，但感覺機(jī)器缺少人性，缺少人與人之間的溫情。【核心詞匯】logonto登錄roboticadj.機(jī)器人的scalesn．秤notedown登記self-serviceadj.自助的checkout結(jié)賬cashiern．收銀員compassionn．憐憫cost-effectiveadj.低成本高利潤的1．A.tearsB．directsC．followsD．separates答案與解析：B依據(jù)上文中的“Ihavearrivedandthenwaituntilavoicecallsmeintotheexaminationroom”可知，作者進(jìn)入檢查室；結(jié)合常識(shí)，這里指機(jī)器人護(hù)士領(lǐng)著(directs)作者到秤上測體重，然后去量血壓。tear“撕破”；follow“跟著，跟隨”；separate“(使)分開”。2．A.teacherB．lawyerC．doctorD．engineer答案與解析：C依據(jù)下文中的“Henotesdownmy__3__andgivesmeaprescription(處方)”和常識(shí)可知，開處方的是醫(yī)生(doctor)。3．A.signalsB．symbolsC．sculpturesD．symptoms答案與解析：D依據(jù)常識(shí)可知，醫(yī)生的處方是依據(jù)病人的癥狀(symptoms)開的。signal“信號”；symbol“象征”；sculpture“雕塑”。4．A.billB．visitC．medicineD．examination答案與解析：B作者運(yùn)用信用卡支付看病的費(fèi)用，這里用visit表示“就診”，指找醫(yī)生看病，費(fèi)用包括檢查費(fèi)等，符合文義。bill“賬單”；medicine“藥物”；examination“檢查”。5．A.pastB．presentC．futureD．history答案與解析：C依據(jù)后面的whichhasn'thappened可知，這里指將來(future)。6．A.atmostB．a(chǎn)tlastC．a(chǎn)tleastD．a(chǎn)tintervals答案與解析：C依據(jù)語境，這里表示至少現(xiàn)在還沒有發(fā)生，atleast“至少”，指盡管沒有更好的狀況。atmost“至多”；atlast“最終，究竟”；atintervals“時(shí)?！?。7．AmerceB．a(chǎn)gricultureC．literatureD．technology答案與解析：D依據(jù)上下文可知，機(jī)器人的運(yùn)用是技術(shù)(technology)方面的事情。commerce“商業(yè)”；agriculture“農(nóng)業(yè)”；literature“文學(xué)”。8．A.sleepB．a(chǎn)utumnC．springD．winter答案與解析：D冬天冷，應(yīng)用加熱器，故應(yīng)當(dāng)選winter，與前面的summer對應(yīng)。9．A.takeoverB．passbyC．cutinD．goaway答案與解析：A依據(jù)下文可知，作者不希望在將來機(jī)器取代(takeover)人類。passby“經(jīng)過”；cutin“插嘴，打斷”；goaway“走開”。10．A.annoyedB．thrilledC．discouragedD．disappointed答案與解析：B結(jié)合“WhenIcallmydentist'sofficeandactuallygetahumanbeingontheline”和上文提到的作者不希望在將來機(jī)器取代人類可知，當(dāng)作者給牙醫(yī)辦公室打電話，接電話的是人時(shí)，作者應(yīng)是特別興奮的(thrilled)。annoyed“生氣的”；discouraged“泄氣的”；disappointed“悲觀的”。11．A.cryingB．laughingC．shoutingD．whispering答案與解析：C依據(jù)上文作者不希望在將來機(jī)器取代人類和該段中的“whenIseetheintroductionofyetmoreself-servicecheckoutstationsatthegrocerystore”可以推知，作者對這種狀況是不滿足的、不興奮的，故作者很想大叫(shouting)，并且和前一句中表達(dá)的心情形成顯明的對比。whisper“低聲地說”。12．A.machineB．humanC．a(chǎn)nimalD．plant答案與解析：B結(jié)合上下文可知，作者希望是一個(gè)人(human)為自己服務(wù)，另下文中的humancashiers也是提示。13．A.giveB．remindC．bargainD．purchase答案與解析：A終歸，人類收銀員有時(shí)會(huì)給你所要購買的物品的商店實(shí)惠券。give表示“給”，后面常加雙賓語，符合語境和語法。remind“提示”；bargain“討價(jià)還價(jià)”；purchase“購買”。14．A.ruiningB．producingC．a(chǎn)dvertisingD．buying答案與解析：D參見上題解析。ruin“毀壞”；produce“生產(chǎn)”；advertise“為……做廣告”；buy“買；購買”。15．A.brightenB．darkenC．strengthenD．widen答案與解析：A依據(jù)上文中的“real-lifecashiersoftentakeaninterestinparticularlycutechildren”可知，收銀員往往對特殊可愛的小孩感愛好，這或許能讓小孩的母親快樂一天。brighten表示“使快樂”，符合語境。darken“使變暗”；strengthen“加強(qiáng)”；widen“(使)變寬”。16．A.turningB．happeningC．describingD．struggling答案與解析：D依據(jù)本句中的showcompassionfor可知，收銀員可能會(huì)憐憫老年人，因?yàn)槔夏耆嗽诎彦X包里最終一個(gè)一分錢硬幣掏出來時(shí)很費(fèi)勁，說明老年人的生活不簡單。struggle“掙扎，盡力”符合語境。turn“轉(zhuǎn)向”；happen“發(fā)生”；describe“描述”。17．A.urgentB．efficientC．frequentD．consistent答案與解析：B依據(jù)下文中的“theyoftengetthejobdonejustfine”可知，這里講的是機(jī)器的好處，它們有效率(efficient)并且劃算。urgent“緊急的”；frequent“常見的”；consistent“一貫的”。18．A.ButB．BecauseC．OtherwiseD．Therefore答案與解析：A空后表示它們?nèi)鄙僖环N對日常生活很重要的元素，與空前提到的機(jī)器的好處是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用連詞but，表示轉(zhuǎn)折。19．A.everythingB．somethingC．a(chǎn)nythingD．nothing答案與解析：B前一句提到的“thespirit，thesoulortheheart”不是機(jī)器所擁有的東西(something)。20．A.encouragesB．persuadesC．punishesD．forces答案與解析：A正是人性激勵(lì)(encourages)我們對別人笑。persuade“勸服”；punish“懲處”；force“強(qiáng)迫”。其次節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。[2024·廣州綜合測試]Throughouthistory,peoplehavethoughtoftheoceanasadiverseandlimitlesssourceoffood.Yettodaythereisclearevidencethattheoceanhasalimit.Mostofthebigfishinouroceanarenow__1__(go).Onemajorcauseisoverfishing.Peoplearetakingsomanyfishfromtheseathatmanyspeciescannotreplace__2__(they)．Forcenturies,localfishermencaughtonlyenoughfishfortheirownandtheircommunity'sneeds.However,fromtheearly20thcentury,peoplearoundtheworldbecameinterested__3__consumingprotein-richfoods.Peoplebegan__4__(catch)largequantitiesoffishforprofitandsellingthemtoworldwidemarkets.Inaveryshortperiodoftime,commercialfishing__5__(great)reducedthenumberoflargepredatoryfish,suchascodandtuna.Today,therearestillplentyoffishinthesea,__6__they'remostlyjustthelittleones.Smallfish,__7__includesardinesandanchovies,havemorethandoubledinnumber—largelybecausetherearenotenoughbigfish__8__(eat)them.Suchlargefish__9__(be)necessary,becausetheyhuntandkillthesickandweaksmallerfish.Withoutthisweedingout,orsurvivalofthefittest,ecosystemsbecomelessstable.Asaresult,fisharelessabletosurvive__10__(difficult)suchaspollution,environmentalchange,orchangesinthefoodsupply.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了海洋中大魚數(shù)量削減的緣由以及由此而造成的后果。1．答案與解析：gone考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處作表語，故填形容詞gone，意為“不在了，不見了”。留意：此處非被動(dòng)的含義?！緦W(xué)問儲(chǔ)備】過去分詞和被動(dòng)形式的區(qū)分在于，過去分詞表示狀態(tài)，而被動(dòng)形式則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作。2．答案與解析：themselves考查代詞。依據(jù)該從句的主語為manyspecies可知，此處應(yīng)用其反身代詞，表示“自我替換”。3．答案與解析：in考查介詞。be/becomeinterestedin意為“對……感愛好”，為固定用法，故用介詞in。4．答案與解析：catching考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。begindoing/todosth.意為“起先做某事”，是固定用法，又由句中的“andselling”可知，此處與selling是并列關(guān)系，形式應(yīng)相同，故填catching。5．答案與解析：greatly考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞一般用副詞，故用副詞greatly修飾動(dòng)詞reduced，在句中作狀語。6．答案與解析：but考查連詞。依據(jù)語境可知，此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故用連詞but。7．答案與解析：which考查定語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并依據(jù)語境可知，此處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，在從句中作主語，修飾先行詞Smallfish，故用which。8．答案與解析：toeat考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。enough...todosth.意為“足夠的……去做……”，為固定用法，故用不定式。9．答案與解析：are考查主謂一樣。依據(jù)本句中的they可知，Suchlargefish表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。10．答案與解析：difficulties考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。依據(jù)語境中所列舉的各種困難可知，此處用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表種類，故用difficulties。課時(shí)練(三)第Ⅱ卷強(qiáng)化增分練——練規(guī)范(限時(shí)：35分鐘)寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分35分)第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(∧)，并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。留意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2．只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。[2024·濟(jì)寧一模]AllstudentsfromourclassgototheexhibitiondisplayingChina'soutstandingachievementsinlastmonth.Assoonaswearrived,aguidegaveusaintroductiontotheexhibition.Whilelisten,wemadesomenotescarefully.Wefeltexcitedlyandcouldn'twaittostartthevisit.Wewerebothinspiredbythevariousexhibits,includingthemodelsofthehigh-speedtrain.Wetookalotofphotoandwereproudoftheachievementsofourcountry.Thenextday,wedecidedhaveaclassmeetingtopresentwhichwehadseen.Immediatelywedevotedourselvestopreparethepresentations.答案：Allstudentsfromourclassgeq\o(o,\s\do14(went))totheexhibitiondisplayingChina'soutstandingachievementslastmonth.Assoonaswearrived,aguidegaveuseq\o(a,\s\do14(an))introductiontotheexhibition.Whilelisteeq\o(n,\s\do14(listening))，wemadesomenotescarefully.