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目錄課標知識圖譜高頻考點精研專題十一簡單句考點1簡單句的基本類型考點2陳述句和疑問句考點3祈使句和感嘆句考點突破課標知識圖譜1

高頻考點精研2

簡單句的基本類型簡單句的基本類型類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+

不及物動詞

(V)常見的不及物動詞有arrive,

sleep,walk,happen,

come,go,laugh,die,rise

等We

worked

in

the

same

company.我們在同一家公司上

班。類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+

系動詞(V)

+表語(P)常見的系動詞有be,become,

grow,turn,fall,get,

look,feel,smell,sound,

taste,seem等He

became

a

scientist

like

his

father.他成了一名像

他父親一樣的科學(xué)家。類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+

及物動詞

(V)+賓語

(O)常見的及物動詞有practise,

borrow,lend,cover,

discover,

enjoy,forget,guess,

invent,use,put,like,

know,raise等He

practises

the

piano

every

day.他每天練習(xí)鋼

琴。類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+

及物動詞

(V)+間接

賓語(IO)+

直接賓語

(DO)間接賓語一般指人,直接賓語

一般指物。常見可帶雙賓語的

及物動詞有g(shù)ive,pass,lend,

send,show,buy,make,

find,teach等They

offered

him

a

good

suggestion.他們給他提供

了一個好建議。類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+

及物動詞

(V)+賓語

(O)+賓語

補足語(OC)賓語補足語常由名詞、形容

詞、動詞不定式等充當。常見

可帶復(fù)合賓語的及物動詞有

make,call,find,have,

ask,tell,

keep,want,hear等I

saw

him

go

into

the

classroom.我看到他走進

了教室。重難點there

be句型(存現(xiàn)句)①“there

is/are+某物/某人+某地/某時”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地或某時有某物或

某人”。There

are

two

apples

on

the

table.桌子上有兩個蘋果。②there

be句型中的be(is/are)和后面所跟的名詞在數(shù)方面保持一致。There

is

a

school

on

that

road.那條路上有一所學(xué)校。There

are

two

girls

at

the

school

gate.學(xué)校門口有兩個女孩。③有并列主語的情況下,根據(jù)第一個主語部分的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定動詞be

的形式。There

is

a

pen

and

two

books

on

the

desk.桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩本書。There

are

two

red

apples

and

a

green

apple

on

the

tree.樹上有兩個紅蘋果和一

個綠蘋果。④there

be句型的一般將來時為:there

will

be/there

is/are

going

to

be+主語

(+時間/地點)。Look

at

the

dark

cloud!There

is

going

to

be

heavy

rain.看那烏云!快要下大

雨了。

陳述句和疑問句一、陳述句陳述句用來陳述一件事或表達一種看法,有肯定形式和否定形式,句

末用問號。1.

陳述句的肯定形式陳述句的肯定形式表示肯定意義,通常由主語、謂語以及其他成分構(gòu)成。This

volunteer

often

does

some

shopping

for

the

old

man.這位志愿者經(jīng)常為那

位老人買東西。[七下-Unit

2]①如果句子的謂語含有be動詞(am/is/are/was/were)、助動詞

(will/would/have/has/had等)或情態(tài)動詞(can/may/must等),其否定式是

在它們之后加not。I

am

not

tall.我個子不高。[七上-Unit

1]②如果句子的謂語是實義動詞,其否定形式是“do/does/did+not+動詞原

形”。She

does

not

like

sports.她不喜歡運動。[七上-Unit

2]2.

陳述句的否定形式

①常見否定式的縮寫形式:is

not=isn’t;

are

not=aren’t;

was

not=

wasn’t;

were

not=weren’t;

do

not=don’t;

does

not=doesn’t;

did

not=

didn’t;

will

not=won’t;

would

not=wouldn’t;

shall

not=shan’t;

have

not

=haven’t;

has

not=hasn’t;

had

not=hadn’t;

can

not=can’t;

must

not=

mustn’t;

need

not=needn’t。②am和may與not無縮寫形式。③表示否定意義的詞no,

never,

hardly,

seldom,

little,

few等也可以構(gòu)

成間接的否定形式。拓展易錯點部分否定和全部否定含有both,

all,

everything,

everyone(everybody)等肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?/p>

時,應(yīng)把這些詞分別改為neither,

none,

nothing,

no

one

(nobody);如

果在這些詞前加not,為部分否定。肯定句:We

both

are

teachers.我們兩個都是教師。否定句:Neither

of

us

is

teacher.我們兩個都不是教師。部分否定:Not

both

of

us

are

teachers.我們兩個并非都是教師。三、疑問句疑問句是用來提出問題的句子,句末用問號。它主要包括一般疑問

句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。1.

一般疑問句一般疑問句通常用yes或no來回答。有時也可以用certainly,sure,of

course,all

right,with

pleasure等代替yes;用never,not

at

all,sorry等代

替no。類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句以系動詞be(am/is/are/was/were)開頭以助動詞(do/does/did/will/would/have/has等)開頭以情態(tài)動詞(can/may/must等)開頭She

lives

in

Jiangsu.她住在江蘇?!璂oes

she

live

in

Jiangsu?她住在江蘇嗎?-Yes,she

does./No,she

doesn’t.——是的,她住在江蘇。/不,她不住在江蘇。妙記變一般疑問句的口訣疑問變化不用愁,be助情提句首;如果謂語是實義,do,

does,

did放句首,動詞原形在主語后。2.

特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的以尋求信息為目的的疑問句叫特殊疑問句。疑問

詞包括疑問代詞、疑問副詞和疑問詞組:類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問句疑問代詞(what,who,whom,which,whose)引導(dǎo)疑問副詞(when,why,where,how)引導(dǎo)疑問詞組(how

many,how

much,how

often,how

long,

how

soon,how

old,how

far,what

time等)引導(dǎo)①疑問代詞有:what(什么),who(誰),which(哪一個,哪些),

whose(誰的),whom(who的賓格“誰”)。-Who

is

your

English

teacher?誰是你的英語老師?-Miss

Yang

is

my

teacher.楊老師是我的英語老師。②疑問副詞有:when(何時),where(何地),why(為什么)和how

(怎樣)。-When

did

you

come

Taizhou?你是什么時候來到泰州的?-In

2023.2023年。③疑問詞組:how

soon(多久以后),how

long(多長時間,多長長度),

how

often(多久一次),how

far(多遠)等。-How

soon

will

the

class

meeting

begin?再過多久家長會開始?-In

thirty

minutes.三十分鐘后。3.

選擇疑問句提出兩種或兩種以上的情況,要求對方選擇一種情況回答的疑問句叫

選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句中的兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接,回答時不用

yes或no,而要用一個完整的句子或其省略形式。語調(diào)一般是前升后降。選

擇疑問句有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)示例選擇疑問句一般疑問句+or+被選

擇部分?-Do

you

like

bananas

or

apples?你喜歡香蕉還是蘋果?-I

like

apples.我喜歡蘋果。特殊疑問句+A+or+

B?-Which

would

you

like

better,tea

or

coffee?你更喜歡哪種,茶還是咖啡?-I

like

coffee

better.我更喜歡咖啡。4.

反意疑問句類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)示例反意疑問句肯定陳述句+一般疑

問句的否定簡略式?She

can

drive

a

car,can’t

she?她會開

車,不是嗎?否定陳述句+一般疑

問句的肯定簡略式?You’re

not

going

out

tonight,are

you?你今晚不出去了,是嗎?提醒如果陳述部分含有否定詞no,

little,

none,

nobody,

nothing,

few等時,其附加

疑問部分用肯定形式。He

ate

nothing

at

night,did

he?他晚上什么都沒吃,對嗎?

祈使句和感嘆句一、祈使句表示命令、請求、建議、勸告、警告或禁止等的句子是祈使句。

祈使句的主語是第二人稱時,常省略。謂語動詞用原形,句末用句號

或感嘆號。1.

肯定形式的祈使句類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例Do型動詞原形(+賓語+其

他)Sit

down,please.請坐下。Be型Be+表語(+其他)Be

quiet.安靜。Let型Let+賓語+動詞原形

(+其他)Let

me

look

at

it.讓我看看它。2.

否定形式的祈使句類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例Do型Don’t+動詞原形+賓語

(+其他)Don’t

open

the

window.不要打開窗。Be型Don’t+be+表語+其他Don’t

be

late

for

class.上課不要遲到。類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例Let型Don’t

+let+賓語+動詞

原形(+其他)Don’t

let

him

go.不要讓他走。Let+賓語+not+動詞原

形(+其他)Let

him

not

go.讓他不要走。No/Never型No+doing/n.禁止……Never+do(原形)+…

永遠不要……No

photos!禁止拍照!Never

give

up!永不放棄!提醒有時在意思明確的情況下,祈使句中的動詞也可省略。This

way,

please!請這邊走。類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例以what引導(dǎo)What+a/an+adj.+可數(shù)

名詞單數(shù)(+主語+謂

語)!What

a

wonderful

book(it

is)!

(它是一本)多么棒的書啊!What+adj.+可數(shù)名詞

復(fù)數(shù)(+主語+謂

語)!What

important

jobs(they

have

done)?。ㄋ麄冏隽耍┒嗝粗匾墓ぷ靼。《?、感嘆句感嘆句是用來表示喜怒哀樂等感情的句子。一般用what或how引導(dǎo),句

末用感嘆號。類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例以what引導(dǎo)What+adj.+不可數(shù)名

詞(+主語+謂語)!What

good

news(it

is)?。ㄟ@

是)多好的消息啊!以how引導(dǎo)How+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)

名詞單數(shù)(+主語+謂

語)!How

useful

a

subject(it

is)?。ㄟ@

是)多么有用的一門學(xué)科??!How+adj./adv.(+主

語+謂語)!How

delicious(the

noodles

are)!

(面條)多么美味??!How+主語+謂語!How

time

flies!時間過得真快?。∶钣浉袊@句很好辨,what,

how放句前;感嘆名詞用what,其余how沖在前。拓展

1.

在陳述句、祈使句句尾加感嘆號稱感嘆句,用來表達某種強烈的感情。Daniel

runs

so

fast!丹尼爾跑得真快??!Be

careful!小心!2.

用一個詞或詞組表示強烈感情的句子也是感嘆句。Great!真棒!Look

out!小心!3.

句首有感嘆詞的句子也是感嘆句。Ah,

I

love

my

hometown!啊,我愛我的家鄉(xiāng)!考點突破考點1

簡單句的基本類型1.

(2024南京鼓樓一模)Which

of

the

following

sentences

has

the

same

structure

as

“Running

is

a

good

way

to

exercise.”?

?A.People

who

run

will

have

a

healthier

heart.B.Running

gives

you

a

chance

to

enjoy

views.C.You

can

hear

the

wind

blowing

while

running.D.Starting

an

exercising

habit

sounds

wonderful.D

2.

(2024揚州儀征一模)The

structure

of

the

sentence

“The

students

visited

the

museum”

is

?.A.

S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OCB

3.

(2024淮安一模)In

the

movie

The

Wandering

Earth

II,the

sun

becomes

?

bigger

and

will

“eat”

Earth.What

is

the

sentence

structure

of

the

underlined

sentence?

?A.S+V+OB.S+V+PC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC4.

(2022南京)There

more

than

thirty

selective

courses

in

our

school.Which

one

would

you

like

to

choose?A.isB.areC.haveD.hasB

B

5.

(2023宿遷)-There

a

lot

of

new

magazines

in

our

school

reading

room.-Oh,really?Shall

we

go

there

this

afternoon?A.isB.wasC.areD.wereC

考點2

陳述句和疑問句6.

(2024常州)-

is

it

from

Changzhou

to

Beijing?-It

is

about

four

hours’

ride

by

high-speed

train.A.How

longB.How

farC.How

soonD.How

often7.

(2024宿遷)-Fanfan,

do

you

read

books

after

school

every

day?-For

about

one

hour.

And

I

often

write

down

my

ideas

while

reading.A.how

farB.how

longC.how

oftenD.how

soonB

B

8.

(2024南通通州一模)-Hi,Simon.

I

saw

you

and

David

in

the

library

yesterday

afternoon.-Really?We

borrowed

two

books

on

the

World

War

Ⅱ.

We

have

a

lot

in

common.What

does

the

sentence“We

have

a

lot

in

common.”

mean

here?

?A.We

have

similar

interests.B.We

are

in

the

same

school.C.David’s

book

is

similar

to

mine.D.The

books

we

borrowed

look

similar.A

9.

(2024無錫新吳一模)-Laura,you

seem

thirsty.

would

you

like

to

drink?-Just

water,please.A.WhereB.WhenC.WhatD.WhoC

10.

(2024南通海安十三校聯(lián)考二模)-

will

the

2024

Paris

Olympic

Games

be

held?-It

will

be

held

in

more

than

one

month

and

the

opening

ceremony

is

on

26th

July.A.How

farB.How

longC.How

soonD.How

oftenC

11.

(2024南通啟東二模)-Tom,

will

your

school’s

sports

meeting

take

place?-I

have

no

idea.

Maybe

in

a

couple

of

weeks.A.how

soonB.how

longC.how

farD.how

oftenA

12.

(2024南通通州等兩地二模)-

made

you

decide

to

open

a

guest

house?-We

have

green

mountains

and

clear

waters

here,and

every

year

many

tourists

come

to

visit.A.WhatB.HowC.WhenD.WhoA

13.

(2023淮安)-Mr

Wu,

can

I

keep

the

guitar?-For

five

days.A.how

oftenB.how

soonC.how

longD.how

much14.

(2023南通)-Excuse

me,

is

the

Gengsu

Theatre

from

this

hotel?-It’s

about

ten

minutes

if

you

take

a

taxi.A.how

farB.how

longC.how

soonD.how

muchC

A

15.

(2022南京)-The

10th

Reading

Festival

is

being

held

in

your

school.

does

it

last?-About

fourteen

days.A.How

oftenB.How

farC.How

soonD.How

longD

考點3

祈使句和感嘆句16.

(2024宿遷)-

fine

weather!It’s

a

good

match

for

going

on

a

picnic.-Exactly.

I

simply

can’t

wait!A.HowB.WhatC.How

aD.What

aB

17.

(2024南京秦淮一模)-Do

you

know

David

got

full

marks

in

the

PE

test?-Good

for

him!

exciting

the

news

is!A.HowB.How

anC.WhatD.What

an18.

(2024南通崇川、如皋一模)

fast

to

your

dreams,for

if

dreams

die,life

is

like

a

broken-winged

bird

that

can

never

fly.A.HoldB.To

holdC.HeldD.HoldingA

A

19.

(2024南通海安一模)-

unforgettable

experience

I

had

in

Harbin

Ice

and

Snow

World!-I’m

glad

you

had

a

good

time.A.What

anB.WhatC.How

anD.How20.

(2024南通通州一模)-I

went

to

the

charity

as

a

volunteer

last

Sunday.-Good

job!

meaningful

experience

it

was!A.WhatB.What

aC.HowD.How

aA

B

21.

(2024揚州儀征一模)

at

the

door

before

you

ent

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