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目錄課標知識圖譜高頻考點精研專題十一簡單句考點1簡單句的基本類型考點2陳述句和疑問句考點3祈使句和感嘆句考點突破課標知識圖譜1
高頻考點精研2
簡單句的基本類型簡單句的基本類型類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+
不及物動詞
(V)常見的不及物動詞有arrive,
sleep,walk,happen,
come,go,laugh,die,rise
等We
worked
in
the
same
company.我們在同一家公司上
班。類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+
系動詞(V)
+表語(P)常見的系動詞有be,become,
grow,turn,fall,get,
look,feel,smell,sound,
taste,seem等He
became
a
scientist
like
his
father.他成了一名像
他父親一樣的科學(xué)家。類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+
及物動詞
(V)+賓語
(O)常見的及物動詞有practise,
borrow,lend,cover,
discover,
enjoy,forget,guess,
invent,use,put,like,
know,raise等He
practises
the
piano
every
day.他每天練習(xí)鋼
琴。類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+
及物動詞
(V)+間接
賓語(IO)+
直接賓語
(DO)間接賓語一般指人,直接賓語
一般指物。常見可帶雙賓語的
及物動詞有g(shù)ive,pass,lend,
send,show,buy,make,
find,teach等They
offered
him
a
good
suggestion.他們給他提供
了一個好建議。類型謂語動詞舉例或說明示例主語(S)+
及物動詞
(V)+賓語
(O)+賓語
補足語(OC)賓語補足語常由名詞、形容
詞、動詞不定式等充當。常見
可帶復(fù)合賓語的及物動詞有
make,call,find,have,
ask,tell,
keep,want,hear等I
saw
him
go
into
the
classroom.我看到他走進
了教室。重難點there
be句型(存現(xiàn)句)①“there
is/are+某物/某人+某地/某時”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“某地或某時有某物或
某人”。There
are
two
apples
on
the
table.桌子上有兩個蘋果。②there
be句型中的be(is/are)和后面所跟的名詞在數(shù)方面保持一致。There
is
a
school
on
that
road.那條路上有一所學(xué)校。There
are
two
girls
at
the
school
gate.學(xué)校門口有兩個女孩。③有并列主語的情況下,根據(jù)第一個主語部分的單復(fù)數(shù)來確定動詞be
的形式。There
is
a
pen
and
two
books
on
the
desk.桌子上有一支鋼筆和兩本書。There
are
two
red
apples
and
a
green
apple
on
the
tree.樹上有兩個紅蘋果和一
個綠蘋果。④there
be句型的一般將來時為:there
will
be/there
is/are
going
to
be+主語
(+時間/地點)。Look
at
the
dark
cloud!There
is
going
to
be
heavy
rain.看那烏云!快要下大
雨了。
陳述句和疑問句一、陳述句陳述句用來陳述一件事或表達一種看法,有肯定形式和否定形式,句
末用問號。1.
陳述句的肯定形式陳述句的肯定形式表示肯定意義,通常由主語、謂語以及其他成分構(gòu)成。This
volunteer
often
does
some
shopping
for
the
old
man.這位志愿者經(jīng)常為那
位老人買東西。[七下-Unit
2]①如果句子的謂語含有be動詞(am/is/are/was/were)、助動詞
(will/would/have/has/had等)或情態(tài)動詞(can/may/must等),其否定式是
在它們之后加not。I
am
not
tall.我個子不高。[七上-Unit
1]②如果句子的謂語是實義動詞,其否定形式是“do/does/did+not+動詞原
形”。She
does
not
like
sports.她不喜歡運動。[七上-Unit
2]2.
陳述句的否定形式
①常見否定式的縮寫形式:is
not=isn’t;
are
not=aren’t;
was
not=
wasn’t;
were
not=weren’t;
do
not=don’t;
does
not=doesn’t;
did
not=
didn’t;
will
not=won’t;
would
not=wouldn’t;
shall
not=shan’t;
have
not
=haven’t;
has
not=hasn’t;
had
not=hadn’t;
can
not=can’t;
must
not=
mustn’t;
need
not=needn’t。②am和may與not無縮寫形式。③表示否定意義的詞no,
never,
hardly,
seldom,
little,
few等也可以構(gòu)
成間接的否定形式。拓展易錯點部分否定和全部否定含有both,
all,
everything,
everyone(everybody)等肯定句變?yōu)榉穸ň?/p>
時,應(yīng)把這些詞分別改為neither,
none,
nothing,
no
one
(nobody);如
果在這些詞前加not,為部分否定。肯定句:We
both
are
teachers.我們兩個都是教師。否定句:Neither
of
us
is
teacher.我們兩個都不是教師。部分否定:Not
both
of
us
are
teachers.我們兩個并非都是教師。三、疑問句疑問句是用來提出問題的句子,句末用問號。它主要包括一般疑問
句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句。1.
一般疑問句一般疑問句通常用yes或no來回答。有時也可以用certainly,sure,of
course,all
right,with
pleasure等代替yes;用never,not
at
all,sorry等代
替no。類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)一般疑問句以系動詞be(am/is/are/was/were)開頭以助動詞(do/does/did/will/would/have/has等)開頭以情態(tài)動詞(can/may/must等)開頭She
lives
in
Jiangsu.她住在江蘇?!璂oes
she
live
in
Jiangsu?她住在江蘇嗎?-Yes,she
does./No,she
doesn’t.——是的,她住在江蘇。/不,她不住在江蘇。妙記變一般疑問句的口訣疑問變化不用愁,be助情提句首;如果謂語是實義,do,
does,
did放句首,動詞原形在主語后。2.
特殊疑問句用特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的以尋求信息為目的的疑問句叫特殊疑問句。疑問
詞包括疑問代詞、疑問副詞和疑問詞組:類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)特殊疑問句疑問代詞(what,who,whom,which,whose)引導(dǎo)疑問副詞(when,why,where,how)引導(dǎo)疑問詞組(how
many,how
much,how
often,how
long,
how
soon,how
old,how
far,what
time等)引導(dǎo)①疑問代詞有:what(什么),who(誰),which(哪一個,哪些),
whose(誰的),whom(who的賓格“誰”)。-Who
is
your
English
teacher?誰是你的英語老師?-Miss
Yang
is
my
teacher.楊老師是我的英語老師。②疑問副詞有:when(何時),where(何地),why(為什么)和how
(怎樣)。-When
did
you
come
Taizhou?你是什么時候來到泰州的?-In
2023.2023年。③疑問詞組:how
soon(多久以后),how
long(多長時間,多長長度),
how
often(多久一次),how
far(多遠)等。-How
soon
will
the
class
meeting
begin?再過多久家長會開始?-In
thirty
minutes.三十分鐘后。3.
選擇疑問句提出兩種或兩種以上的情況,要求對方選擇一種情況回答的疑問句叫
選擇疑問句。選擇疑問句中的兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接,回答時不用
yes或no,而要用一個完整的句子或其省略形式。語調(diào)一般是前升后降。選
擇疑問句有兩種結(jié)構(gòu)。類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)示例選擇疑問句一般疑問句+or+被選
擇部分?-Do
you
like
bananas
or
apples?你喜歡香蕉還是蘋果?-I
like
apples.我喜歡蘋果。特殊疑問句+A+or+
B?-Which
would
you
like
better,tea
or
coffee?你更喜歡哪種,茶還是咖啡?-I
like
coffee
better.我更喜歡咖啡。4.
反意疑問句類型問句結(jié)構(gòu)示例反意疑問句肯定陳述句+一般疑
問句的否定簡略式?She
can
drive
a
car,can’t
she?她會開
車,不是嗎?否定陳述句+一般疑
問句的肯定簡略式?You’re
not
going
out
tonight,are
you?你今晚不出去了,是嗎?提醒如果陳述部分含有否定詞no,
little,
none,
nobody,
nothing,
few等時,其附加
疑問部分用肯定形式。He
ate
nothing
at
night,did
he?他晚上什么都沒吃,對嗎?
祈使句和感嘆句一、祈使句表示命令、請求、建議、勸告、警告或禁止等的句子是祈使句。
祈使句的主語是第二人稱時,常省略。謂語動詞用原形,句末用句號
或感嘆號。1.
肯定形式的祈使句類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例Do型動詞原形(+賓語+其
他)Sit
down,please.請坐下。Be型Be+表語(+其他)Be
quiet.安靜。Let型Let+賓語+動詞原形
(+其他)Let
me
look
at
it.讓我看看它。2.
否定形式的祈使句類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例Do型Don’t+動詞原形+賓語
(+其他)Don’t
open
the
window.不要打開窗。Be型Don’t+be+表語+其他Don’t
be
late
for
class.上課不要遲到。類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例Let型Don’t
+let+賓語+動詞
原形(+其他)Don’t
let
him
go.不要讓他走。Let+賓語+not+動詞原
形(+其他)Let
him
not
go.讓他不要走。No/Never型No+doing/n.禁止……Never+do(原形)+…
永遠不要……No
photos!禁止拍照!Never
give
up!永不放棄!提醒有時在意思明確的情況下,祈使句中的動詞也可省略。This
way,
please!請這邊走。類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例以what引導(dǎo)What+a/an+adj.+可數(shù)
名詞單數(shù)(+主語+謂
語)!What
a
wonderful
book(it
is)!
(它是一本)多么棒的書啊!What+adj.+可數(shù)名詞
復(fù)數(shù)(+主語+謂
語)!What
important
jobs(they
have
done)?。ㄋ麄冏隽耍┒嗝粗匾墓ぷ靼。《?、感嘆句感嘆句是用來表示喜怒哀樂等感情的句子。一般用what或how引導(dǎo),句
末用感嘆號。類型結(jié)構(gòu)示例以what引導(dǎo)What+adj.+不可數(shù)名
詞(+主語+謂語)!What
good
news(it
is)?。ㄟ@
是)多好的消息啊!以how引導(dǎo)How+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)
名詞單數(shù)(+主語+謂
語)!How
useful
a
subject(it
is)?。ㄟ@
是)多么有用的一門學(xué)科??!How+adj./adv.(+主
語+謂語)!How
delicious(the
noodles
are)!
(面條)多么美味??!How+主語+謂語!How
time
flies!時間過得真快?。∶钣浉袊@句很好辨,what,
how放句前;感嘆名詞用what,其余how沖在前。拓展
1.
在陳述句、祈使句句尾加感嘆號稱感嘆句,用來表達某種強烈的感情。Daniel
runs
so
fast!丹尼爾跑得真快??!Be
careful!小心!2.
用一個詞或詞組表示強烈感情的句子也是感嘆句。Great!真棒!Look
out!小心!3.
句首有感嘆詞的句子也是感嘆句。Ah,
I
love
my
hometown!啊,我愛我的家鄉(xiāng)!考點突破考點1
簡單句的基本類型1.
(2024南京鼓樓一模)Which
of
the
following
sentences
has
the
same
structure
as
“Running
is
a
good
way
to
exercise.”?
?A.People
who
run
will
have
a
healthier
heart.B.Running
gives
you
a
chance
to
enjoy
views.C.You
can
hear
the
wind
blowing
while
running.D.Starting
an
exercising
habit
sounds
wonderful.D
2.
(2024揚州儀征一模)The
structure
of
the
sentence
“The
students
visited
the
museum”
is
?.A.
S+VB.S+V+OC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OCB
3.
(2024淮安一模)In
the
movie
The
Wandering
Earth
II,the
sun
becomes
?
bigger
and
will
“eat”
Earth.What
is
the
sentence
structure
of
the
underlined
sentence?
?A.S+V+OB.S+V+PC.S+V+IO+DOD.S+V+DO+OC4.
(2022南京)There
more
than
thirty
selective
courses
in
our
school.Which
one
would
you
like
to
choose?A.isB.areC.haveD.hasB
B
5.
(2023宿遷)-There
a
lot
of
new
magazines
in
our
school
reading
room.-Oh,really?Shall
we
go
there
this
afternoon?A.isB.wasC.areD.wereC
考點2
陳述句和疑問句6.
(2024常州)-
is
it
from
Changzhou
to
Beijing?-It
is
about
four
hours’
ride
by
high-speed
train.A.How
longB.How
farC.How
soonD.How
often7.
(2024宿遷)-Fanfan,
do
you
read
books
after
school
every
day?-For
about
one
hour.
And
I
often
write
down
my
ideas
while
reading.A.how
farB.how
longC.how
oftenD.how
soonB
B
8.
(2024南通通州一模)-Hi,Simon.
I
saw
you
and
David
in
the
library
yesterday
afternoon.-Really?We
borrowed
two
books
on
the
World
War
Ⅱ.
We
have
a
lot
in
common.What
does
the
sentence“We
have
a
lot
in
common.”
mean
here?
?A.We
have
similar
interests.B.We
are
in
the
same
school.C.David’s
book
is
similar
to
mine.D.The
books
we
borrowed
look
similar.A
9.
(2024無錫新吳一模)-Laura,you
seem
thirsty.
would
you
like
to
drink?-Just
water,please.A.WhereB.WhenC.WhatD.WhoC
10.
(2024南通海安十三校聯(lián)考二模)-
will
the
2024
Paris
Olympic
Games
be
held?-It
will
be
held
in
more
than
one
month
and
the
opening
ceremony
is
on
26th
July.A.How
farB.How
longC.How
soonD.How
oftenC
11.
(2024南通啟東二模)-Tom,
will
your
school’s
sports
meeting
take
place?-I
have
no
idea.
Maybe
in
a
couple
of
weeks.A.how
soonB.how
longC.how
farD.how
oftenA
12.
(2024南通通州等兩地二模)-
made
you
decide
to
open
a
guest
house?-We
have
green
mountains
and
clear
waters
here,and
every
year
many
tourists
come
to
visit.A.WhatB.HowC.WhenD.WhoA
13.
(2023淮安)-Mr
Wu,
can
I
keep
the
guitar?-For
five
days.A.how
oftenB.how
soonC.how
longD.how
much14.
(2023南通)-Excuse
me,
is
the
Gengsu
Theatre
from
this
hotel?-It’s
about
ten
minutes
if
you
take
a
taxi.A.how
farB.how
longC.how
soonD.how
muchC
A
15.
(2022南京)-The
10th
Reading
Festival
is
being
held
in
your
school.
does
it
last?-About
fourteen
days.A.How
oftenB.How
farC.How
soonD.How
longD
考點3
祈使句和感嘆句16.
(2024宿遷)-
fine
weather!It’s
a
good
match
for
going
on
a
picnic.-Exactly.
I
simply
can’t
wait!A.HowB.WhatC.How
aD.What
aB
17.
(2024南京秦淮一模)-Do
you
know
David
got
full
marks
in
the
PE
test?-Good
for
him!
exciting
the
news
is!A.HowB.How
anC.WhatD.What
an18.
(2024南通崇川、如皋一模)
fast
to
your
dreams,for
if
dreams
die,life
is
like
a
broken-winged
bird
that
can
never
fly.A.HoldB.To
holdC.HeldD.HoldingA
A
19.
(2024南通海安一模)-
unforgettable
experience
I
had
in
Harbin
Ice
and
Snow
World!-I’m
glad
you
had
a
good
time.A.What
anB.WhatC.How
anD.How20.
(2024南通通州一模)-I
went
to
the
charity
as
a
volunteer
last
Sunday.-Good
job!
meaningful
experience
it
was!A.WhatB.What
aC.HowD.How
aA
B
21.
(2024揚州儀征一模)
at
the
door
before
you
ent
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