年同等學(xué)歷備考安靜詞匯與語(yǔ)法PartI詞匯語(yǔ)法試題要求PartII詞匯試題模式PartIII命題解析PartIV詞匯訓(xùn)練PartV重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法PartIV擴(kuò)大詞匯量2012年10月PartI要求1999年、2003、2004，2008年第五版大綱，2012年5第六版大綱。詞匯：掌握6000，700常用詞組。6000中2800個(gè)左右的積極詞匯，熟練掌握，即能在口語(yǔ)交際和寫作中準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用；其余能在閱讀、完型和英譯漢中識(shí)別和理解。語(yǔ)法：掌握基本語(yǔ)法知識(shí)、常用句型和結(jié)構(gòu)，能正確理解包含這些知識(shí)、句型和結(jié)構(gòu)的句子和語(yǔ)篇。PartII試題模式詞匯題目共設(shè)10個(gè)題，每題1分，考試時(shí)間為10分鐘。本部分包括兩種題型，考試中任選一種：1）單句選擇替換。要求考生對(duì)單句中帶下劃線的一個(gè)詞或詞組進(jìn)行替換選擇，即從所給的4個(gè)備選答案中選出一個(gè)最佳替換詞或詞組。2）單句選擇填空。要求考生根據(jù)句意從所給的4個(gè)備選答案中選出一個(gè)最佳答案，填入空白處，使句子完整。PartIIVocabulary(10minutes,10points,1foreach)Directions:Inthissectionthereare10sentences,eachwithonewordorphraseunderlined.Choosetheonefromthe4choicesmarkedA,B,CandDthatbestkeepsthemeaningofthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.11.Bettywasoffendedbecauseshefeltthatherfriendshadignoredherpurposefullyattheparty.A.desperatelyB.definitelyC.deliberatelyD.decisively12.Therehasbeenenoughplayingaround;solet'sgetdowntobusiness.A.makeadealB.beginourworkC.reachanagreementD.changeourplan13.Howisitpossibleforourhumanbodytoconvertyesterday'slunchintotoday'smuscle?A.alterB.developC.modifyD.turn14.Itisimportantforfamiliestoobservetheirtraditionsevenastheirchildrengetolder.A.noticeB.watchC.followD.celebrate15.Itisdifficulttocomprehend,buteverythingyouhaveeverseen,smelt,heardorfeltismerelyyourbrain'sinterpretationofincomingstimuli.A.explanationB.evaluationC.recognitionD.interruption16.Lifeismoreimportantthanthepressuresandstressesthatweplaceonourselvesoverworkandothercommitments.A.appointmentsB.arrangementsC.obligationsD.devotions17.Ifyoucontinuetoindulgeincomputergameslikethis,yourfuturewillbeatstake.A.indangerB.withoutquestionC.onguardD.atlarge18.Romanticnovels,asopposedtorealisticones,tendtopresentidealizedversionsoflife,oftenwithahappyending.A.incontrasttoB.inregardtoC.intermsofD.inlightof。19.Mostpeoplewouldagreethat,althoughouragefarsurpassesallpreviousagesinknowledge,therehasbeennocorrelativeincreaseinwisdom.A.improvesB.precedesC.imposesD.exceeds20.Manystudentstodaydisplayadisturbingwillingnesstochooseinstitutionsandcareersonthebasisofearningpotential.A.offensiveB.depressiveC.troublesomeD.tiresome或者Directions:Inthissection,thereare10incompletesentences.Foreachsentencethereare4choicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterwithasinglebaracrossthesquarebracketsonyourmachine-scoringANSWERSHEET.11.Myoldestsonhadjustfinishedan___________holidaystaypriortomovingtoanewanewjob,andthenextchapterinhislife.A.enlargedB.expandedC.extendedD.increased12.BlacksandAmericanIndians___________lessthan10%ofstudentsinthetop30businessschools,whiletheyareabout28%oftheU.S.population.A.makeupB.takeupC.reachoutD.turnout13.Withdemandcontinuingtorisein___________economiessuchasChinaandIndia,energytradersbelievethatoilfuturesareagoodbet.AemployingB.emergingC.embracingD.emitting14.Lawsandregulationsineachcountryhavetobemade___________theconstitutionofthecountry.A.inhonorofB.inmemoryofC.inreturnforD.inlinewith15.Thejury's___________wasthattheaccusedwasguilty.A.verdictB.sentenceC.trialD.debate16.InEnglishlearning,a___________cycleoccurswhenastudentmakesmoreerrorsafterbeingscolded.A.verticalB.viciousC.vividD.vigorous17.Isn'tit___________whenyoulearnsomethingyou'venever'knownbefore?A.coolB.crazyC.coldD.cute(gorgeous)18.Thereareseveralfactors___________therapidgrowthofsalespromotion,particularlyinconsumermarkets.A.resortingtoB.appealingtoC.applyingtoD.contributingto19.TheInternethasbeendevelopingataspeed___________people'sexpectationsinthepasttwodecades.A.overB.ofC.underD.beyond20.Itisobviousthatthesportsgamesarenolongeramateuraffairs;theyhavebecomeprofessionally_____________.A.laidoffB.laidoutC.putoffD.putoutPartIII試題解析1.形近詞辨析1)HaguewaselectedastheConservativePartyleaderpartlybecauseofhisambiguousviewsonBritain’spositioninrelationtoitspartnersin

theEuropeanUnion.

A.ambitious

B.obscure

C.appalling

D.indifferent

2)Fromobservers’estimatesofthebrightnessofthefireball,he___thatthebodyinthespacewasbetween40feetand260feetindiameter.

A.deduced

B.reduced

C.induced

D.produced2.同義詞、近義詞辨析1)Wehavearesponsibilitytoensureournation’scontinuedprosperityandthemostsensiblewaytodothisisbyinvestmentinbasicscientificresearch.

A.effective

B.efficient

C.significant

D.reasonable2)Televisionadvertisementsdomorethanmerelyreflectdominantideologies.

A.exactly

B.faithfully

C.repeatedly

D.simply

3)Amongpicturebooksfor4-8-year-olds,severaloutstandingworksappearedthatcombinedoriginalstorieswith_____illustrations.

A.imaginable

B.imaginative

C.imaginary

D.imageless

3．短語(yǔ)辨析1）TalksonclimatechangeresumedintheGermancityofBonnonJuly16tocombatglobalwarming.

A.focuson

B.settledown

C.fightagainst

D.sumup2）Iwouldrecommendthisinnhighlyonaccountofitswonderfullocation.

A.asaresultof

B.becauseof

C.withregardto

D.withaviewto3）AleadingBritishscholarhasproposedtranslatingShakespeareintocontemporaryEnglish______youngaudienceswhoareconfusedbyjokeswhichare400yearsoutofdate.

A.inmemoryof

B.atthecostof

C.onbehalfof

D.forthebenefitof

4.辨認(rèn)

1)“Sinceweareexchanging______,Itoohaveasecrettoreveal,”saidMary.

A.transferencesB.transactionsC.confidencesD.promises2)Inspiteofaproblemwiththefaultyequipment,someveryusefulworkwasaccomplished.

A.imperfect

B.temporary

C.emergency

D.reinstalled3)Chemists,physicistsandmathematiciansare______knownasscientists.

A.collectivelyB.alternativelyC.cognitivelyD.exclusively

PartIV重點(diǎn)詞匯訓(xùn)練1．TheauthorsoftheUnitedStatesConstitutionattemptedtoestablishaneffectivenationalgovernmentwhilepreserving_________forthestatesandlibertyforindividuals.A.autonomyB.dignityC.monopolyD.stability2．Excellentfilmsarethosewhich______nationalandculturalbarriers.A)transcendB)traverseC)abolish

D)suppress3.ActorPierceBrosnanmayplaythedeadlysuperspyinthemovies,butinreallifeheisa____fatherandalovinghusband.A.devastated B.deservedC.desperateD.devoted4.Televisionadvertisementsdomorethanmerelyreflectdominantideologies.A.exactlyB.faithfullyC.repeatedly D.simply5.Sometimes,themessagesareconveyedthroughdeliberate,consciousgestures;othertimes,ourbodiestalkwithoutourevenknowing.A.definite B.intentional C.delicate D.interactive

6.Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis_____producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.A.absorptionB.transitionC.consumptionD.interaction7.Anincreasingproportionofourpopulation,unabletolivewithoutadvancedmedical_____,willbecomeprogressivelymorereliantonexpensivetechnology.A.interferenceB.interruptionC.interventionD.interaction8.Thefollowingaccountbytheauthor____thedifferencebetweenEuropeanandAmericanreactions.A.illustrates

B.acquires

C.demands

D.deletes9.“Sinceweareexchanging____,Itoohaveasecrettoreveal,”saidMary.A.transferences B.transactions C.confidences D.promises10.Theacceptedcriteriaofadequatediethavebeenchallengedbynewdiscoveriesinnutrition.A.formations B.components C.standards D.ingredients11.TheStateCouncilwilllaydownnewrulesthataimtomakemanagementcompatiblewithinternationallyacceptedconventions.

A.conferences

B.conversations

C.practices

D.formations12.One’sawareness,bothconsciousandunconscious,ofwhathappenedinthepasthasastronginfluenceonone’sbehavior. A.storage

B.impression C.perception

D.memory13．Heishighlyregardedbyallhiscolleagues.ArespectfulBrespectedCrespectableDrespecting14．Myfirstdiscoverywasthatengineeringonlyexistedasasubgroupofscience,hencescience-engineering.AsubstanceBsubheadCsubtitleDsubdivision15．ChineseenterprisemanagersandbusinesseducatorsarenowexploringthepotentialoftheGlobalManagementChallenge,asimulatedbusinessmanagementcompetitioninitsthirdyearsinceitwasintroducedtoChina.AextractingBextendingCstudyingDexpanding16.Permanentcapital,whenneededandinthedesiredquantities,isoftenthehardestforafirmtoobtain.AacquireBaccumulateCaccomplishDaccrue17.Mostpeopledonotthinkthedruglawsaretoosevere.AhostileBharshChastyDhandy18.Theaudienceapplaudedenthusiasticallyaftertheperformance.AclappedBclashedCcastDcrashed19.Hewastoldthatifheworkedtoohard,hishealthwouldsuffer.AdecayBdecreaseCdepositDdeteriorate20.Theexplorationofouterspaceisagreattriumphofmodernscience.AsuperiorBsymbolCsuccessionDsuccess21.Hestrippedthebranchofitsbarkwithhisknife.ArecoveredBrenewedCremovedDreceived22.Wecanutilizewaterforproducingelectricpower.AembraceBemergeCemphasizeDemploy23.Thesunvanishedbehindacloud.AdisappointedBdiscardedCdischargedDdisappeared24Inafogeverythinglooksvague.AuncertainBuneasyCunclearDunexpected25.Allforeigntroopsmustwithdrawfromthecountry.AretireBretainCretreatDunexpected26.Theteacherbecamefrustratedwhenhefoundthathiseffortshadproducedevenlessobviousresults.AdiscouragedBproudofhimselfCencouragedDscared27.ThemanagerthoughtthatJim’sreasonsfordemandinganincreaseinwageswereinsufficient.AincredibleBindirectCinadequateDinactivePartV系列語(yǔ)法1.句子的種類按使用目的，句子可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。1）陳述句：說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Thefilmisratherboring.2）疑問(wèn)句：提出問(wèn)題。a.一般疑問(wèn)句：Canyoufinishtheworkintime?b.特殊疑問(wèn)句：Wheredoyoulive?c.選擇疑問(wèn)句：Doyouwantteaorcoffee?d.反意疑問(wèn)句：Hedoesn'tknowher,doeshe?3）祈使句：提出請(qǐng)求，建議或發(fā)出命令。Don'tbenervous!4）感嘆句：表示說(shuō)話人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒。Whatgoodnewsitis!句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)：1）簡(jiǎn)單句：只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。Sheisfondofcollectingstamps.2）并列句：包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來(lái)連接。Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite.3）復(fù)合句：包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。Thefilmhadbegunwhenwegottothecinema.4）并列復(fù)合句SinceGenahadwornglassesforfifteenyears,shedecidedtogetcontactlenses,soshewouldbeabletoseebetterandlookmoreglamorous.1.Electronicsbelongstoabranchofphysics.2.Everythingintheworldisoutsideyou,buthealthbelongstoyourself.3.IcheckedmypaperagainbeforeIhandedittomyprofessor.4.Jackdialedthepoliceemergencynumber,buthereceivedabusysignal,sohedroppedthephoneandran,becausehedidn’thavetimetocallback1257Shecame.Johnisagoodcarpenter.Howtooperatethiscomputer?Havelostmykey.Thestudentsusethesedictionarieseveryday.Becausehehadn’tfinishedhisassignment,sohecontinuedworkingintheclassroom.Hedidn’tknowwhathadhappenedandwasgoingtoaskMr.Smith,whowasusuallywellinformed.MarkTwainwhoseexperienceasasailorontheMississippiprovidedhimwithabundantmaterialforthenovelshewastowrite.2.時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)every…,sometimes,at…,onSunday等一般過(guò)去時(shí)yesterday,lastweek,anhourago,theotherday,in1982,justnow等一般將來(lái)時(shí)next…,tomorrow,in+一段時(shí)間,before+時(shí)間點(diǎn)等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,always,recently等過(guò)去完成時(shí)before,by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間,until,when,after,once等過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)thismorning,thewholemorning,allday,yesterday,fromninetotenlastevening…when,while等將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)soon,tomorrow,thisevening,onSunday,bythistime,tomorrow,intwodays,tomorrowevening3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)常用的強(qiáng)調(diào)句結(jié)構(gòu)是it引導(dǎo)的句子，結(jié)構(gòu)為Itis（was）+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that（who）+句子的其余部分。此結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分限于主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。Itisfromthesunthatwegetlightandheat.ItwasnotuntilIhadreadyourletterthatIunderstoodthetruestateofaffairs.例題1）Itwaslastnight___Iseethecomet.A.thetimeB.whenC.thatD.whichMyfatherdidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)：Itwasmyfatherwhodidtheexperimentinthelabyesterdayevening.強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語(yǔ)：Itwastheexperimentthatmyfatherdidinthelabyesterdayevening.強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間：Itwasyesterdayeveningthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentinthelab.（注意不用when）強(qiáng)調(diào)地點(diǎn)：Itwasinthelabthatmyfatherdidtheexperimentyesterdayevening.2）Itistenyears___MissGreenreturnedtoCanada.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.asItbe…that還應(yīng)是一個(gè)完整的句子。而本句去掉'Itis…that'，只剩下tenyearsMissGreenreturnedtoCanada.不成句。因此本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句。用助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)句子的強(qiáng)調(diào)句還可以用助動(dòng)詞do（did，does）強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語(yǔ)。：Shedoeslikethishorse.Pleasedotakecareofyourself.4.句式1.Hisfamilyhadalmostforgotten________like.A.howhisfacewas B.whichwashisface C.whathisfacewas D.thathisfacewas2.Weweregreatlyamusedby_____________.A.thatyoutoldus B.whichyoutoldusC.whatyoutoldus D.whatdidyoutellus3.Notoneofushasaclearideaabout__________todo.A.thattheotherswant B.whattheotherswantC.whichdotheotherswant D.whatdotheotherswant4.Thechildren_______manytimesnottogonearthestreet.A.havetold B.told C.havebeentold D.werebeingtold5.Thenewtypeofcomputerisgoingto_______themonthafternext.A.turnout B.beturnedout C.willbeturnout D.willturnout6.Hewas_________tobecleverbutdishonest.A.thoughtas B.thinking C.thought D.tothink5.虛擬虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人的主觀愿望或假想，所說(shuō)的是一個(gè)條件，不一定是事實(shí)，或與事實(shí)相反。虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中應(yīng)用比較多。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件從句主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)（be用were）should（would）等+動(dòng)詞原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.如果他們?cè)谶@兒，會(huì)幫助你的。含義：Theyarenothere,theycan’thelpyou.b.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)條件從句主句過(guò)去完成時(shí)should（would）等+have+過(guò)去分詞Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.如果他昨天來(lái)的話，我會(huì)把這件事告訴他的。含義：Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.c.表示對(duì)將來(lái)不大可能發(fā)生的事情的假想條件從句主句一般過(guò)去時(shí)should/would等+動(dòng)詞原形were+不定式should+動(dòng)詞原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.如果你將來(lái)成功了，一切都會(huì)好的。Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.含義：Youarenotlikelytosucceed,everythingwillbewhatitisnow.混合條件句有時(shí)，主句與從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在不同的時(shí)間，主句從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式因時(shí)間不同而不同，這種條件句叫做混合條件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.如果你昨天問(wèn)過(guò)他，今天就知道做什么了。（從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。）Ifithadrainedlastnight（過(guò)去）,itwouldbeverycoldtoday（現(xiàn)在）.如果昨晚下過(guò)雨，今天就會(huì)很冷了。虛擬條件句的倒裝虛擬條件句的從句部分含有were,should,或had時(shí),可省略if，再把were,should或had移到從句的句首，實(shí)行倒裝。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.他們現(xiàn)在在的話，就會(huì)幫助我們了。Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.你來(lái)得早一點(diǎn)，就碰到他了。Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.假如下雨，莊稼就有救了。注意：在虛擬語(yǔ)氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞be的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)一律用were，不用was，即在從句中be用were代替。、IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。特殊的虛擬語(yǔ)氣詞should1）在主語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…等結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should加動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。Itis可用的詞有三類that（should）dosuggested,ordered,required,proposed,demanded,requested,insisted等important,necessary,natural,imperative,strange等apity,ashame,nowonder等2）在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中，像order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+（should）do等。Isuggestthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.我建議下周召開個(gè)會(huì)議。Heinsistedthathe（should）besentthere.他要求被派到那兒去。注意：suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)"，即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。判斷改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)）Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou（should）beill.（對(duì)）Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.（錯(cuò)）Iinsistedthatyou（should）bewrong.（對(duì)）Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3）在表語(yǔ)從句，同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形。例如：Myideaisthatwe（should）getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.我的想法是讓更多的人來(lái)參加會(huì)議。Imakeaproposalthatwe（should）holdameetingnextweek.我提了個(gè)建議，下周我們開個(gè)會(huì)。6綜合考查1.IntheChinesemindtheSpringFestivalis______withnicefoodandnewclothes.A.joined B.related C.linked D.associated2.Don’tforget_______theletterforme.A.topost B.posting C.post D.posted 3.Pleaseletme________onceyougetthere.A.Beinginformed B.informingC.informed D.inform 4.“Whathappened?”“Iheardsomeone_______forhelp.”A.cried B.cries C.crying D.hadcried 5.Sincebeingbusy,Iwillhavetheboy_______newspapersforme.A.delivers B.delivering C.deliver D.todeliver 6.He__________thisjobbeforehemovedintothiscity.A.found B.hadfound C.wasfinding D.wouldfind7.Youneedn’thurryher.She________itbythetimeyouareready.A.willhavebeenfinishing B.wouldfinishC.willhavefinished D.willbefinishing8..Themiddle-agedmanwasseen________outofthehouseontheafternoonofthemurder.A.came B.come C.tocome D.havecome9._________hadtherighttovoteastoday.A.Neversomanywomenhave B.Thewomenaren’teverC.Neverhavesomanywomen D.Womenwhohavenever10.Weweregreatlyamusedby_____________.A.thatyoutoldus B.whichyoutoldusC.whatyoutoldus D.whatdidyoutellus11.Thefactory_______lastyearwasequippedwiththelatestmachinery.A.whichIworked B.inwhichIworkedC.forwhichIworkedinD.whereIworkedin12.Shefoundaplaceinthebuilding_______sheusedasherfirstlaboratory.A.which B.where C.inwhich D.when13.Theonlything______reallymatterstotheparentsishowsoontheirchildrencanreturnhome.A.what B.that C.which D.this7．動(dòng)名詞動(dòng)名詞是非限定動(dòng)詞的一種形式，由動(dòng)詞原形+ing構(gòu)成。它既有動(dòng)詞的特征，又有名詞的特征，故稱。動(dòng)名詞也有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化時(shí)態(tài)/語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式writingbeingwritten完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten

動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)FightingbrokeoutbetweentheSouthandtheNorth.南方與北方開戰(zhàn)了。有些動(dòng)詞可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。admit承認(rèn)appreciate感激avoid避免complete完成consider認(rèn)為delay耽誤deny否認(rèn)detest討厭endure忍受enjoy喜歡escape逃脫fancy想象finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推遲practice訓(xùn)練recall回憶resent討厭resume繼續(xù)resist抵抗risk冒險(xiǎn)suggest建議face面對(duì)include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive寬恕keep繼續(xù)Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.有些結(jié)構(gòu)后面可以用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)或其他成分。例如：admittoprefer…tobeusedtoleadtodevoteoneselftoobjecttosticktonogoodnousebefondoflookforwardtobeproudofbebusycan'thelpbetiredofbecapableofbeafraidofthinkofburstoutkeeponinsistoncountonsetabout

putoffbegoodattakeupgiveupbesuccessfulin

8．動(dòng)詞不定式動(dòng)詞不定式由to+動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。這里的to是不定式標(biāo)志，沒(méi)有詞義。不定式具有名詞、形容詞或副詞的某些語(yǔ)法功能，又有動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的特點(diǎn)及作用。不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。時(shí)態(tài)\語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)被動(dòng)一般式todotobedone進(jìn)行式tobedoing/完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone完成進(jìn)行式tohavebeendoing/

有些動(dòng)詞可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，有三種情況。1）

有些及物動(dòng)詞用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)構(gòu)為動(dòng)詞+不定式。affordaimagreearrangeaskdecidebothercarechoosedemanddesiredetermineelectendeavorhopefailhelplearnLong渴望meanmanageofferplanpretendrefusetendundertakeexpecthateintend9．分詞分詞既有動(dòng)詞的特征，由有形容詞和副詞的特征。分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞有一般式和完成式，過(guò)去分詞沒(méi)有這種區(qū)別。及物動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞還有主動(dòng)形式和被動(dòng)形式的區(qū)別。分詞常用的形式如表所示（以及物動(dòng)詞do和不及物動(dòng)詞go為例）：

dogo主動(dòng)被動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞doingbeingdonegoing過(guò)去分詞/donegone完成式havingdonehavingbeendone/Test116.Hewas________enoughtounderstandmyquestionsfromthegesturesImade.A.intelligentB.efficientC.proficientD.diligent17.Doesit_______toletlittlechildrenplaywithfireworks?A.makeclearB.makesureC.makeoutD.makesense18.Allpartsofthissewingmachineare_______sothatitisverysimpletogetreplacementsforthem.A.mechanizedB.minimizedC.modernizedD.standardized19.Haveyouafunny_______orunusualexperiencethatyouwouldliketoshare?A.amusementB.incidentC.accidentD.section20.Asasalesman,heworksona(n)_______basis,taking10%ofeverythinghesells.A.incomeB.commissionC.salaryD.pension21.Cutoffbythestorm,theywereforcedto________foodforseveraldays.A.goinforB.gooverC.gowithoutD.goout22.ChinaDailyneverlosessightofthefactthateachdayallofus_______atough,challengingworld.A.encounterB.acquaintC.presideD.confront23.Whileshoppinginadepartmentstore,I_______leftmypurselyingonacounterofhandbags.A.initiallyB.fortunatelyC.frustratedlyD.accidentally24.Hepointedoutthatthelivingstandardofurbanand______peoplecontinuedtoimprove.A.remoteB.municipalC.ruralD.provincial25.Whydoesavegetarianrestaurantmakeitsdishesresemblemeatineverywayexcept_________?A.ingredientsB.elementsC.componentsD.compounds26.________theimpactoftheideasintroducedtoEuropebysoldiersreturningfromtheeast,theWestwasgreatlychanged.A.BecauseofB.BymeansofC.InadditiontoD.Inspiteof27.Forthepasttwoyears,Audicarshave_________Germany’sTouringCarChampionship.A.dominatedB.conqueredC.determinedD.contested28.Ifyoupushhardontheworld,theworldwillpushbackonyou;ifyoutouchtheworldgently,theworldwilltouchyougently________.AinreturnBinthelongrunCinturnDinplace29.Rejectingtheurgingofhisphysicianfathertostudymedicine,Hawkingchoseto_______onmathandtheoreticalphysics.A.imposeB.centerC.overworkD.concentrate30.Theconcernswiththeoriginsoftheearth________theirstudy.A.motivatedB.advisedC.excitedD.impulsed31.Thecashierwasaskedto________everypennyofthemoneythathetookcareof.A.accounttoB.useupC.amounttoD.accountfor32.Bytheendof1994,558kindsofproductshadbeen________greenfood.A.namedB.restrictedC.classifiedD.labeled33.Atapressconferenceaftertheawardceremony,the18-year-oldgirlspokeinabarely_______voice.A.audibleB.optionalC.legibleD.identical34.Aneatletterimprovesyourchancesofafavorable__________.A.circumstanceB.requestC.receptionD.response35.Ourreadersarecomfortablewithourclear,______wordsthatinformandentertainthem.A.conventionalB.conciseC.creativeD.crucialTest216.Itwasfeltthatthelackedthe_______topursueadifficulttasktotheveryend.A.petitionB.engagementC.commitmentD.qualification17.Hedoesnothingthat_______theinterestsofthecollective.A.runsforB.runsagainstC.runsoverD.runsinto18.Thoughheviewshimselfasarealist,Cetronsaysthathisfindingsmakehimvery_______aboutfuture.A.optimisticB.sympatheticC.objectiveD.precautions19.Insuchachangingandcomplexsociety,formerlysimplysolutionstoinformationalneedsbecome_________.A.confusingB.acceptableC.complicatedD.feasible20.Whenitcomestoteaching________,manyparentsbelievethatiftheylovetheirchildrenandtreatthemkindly,thekidswillknowhowtobehave.A.mentalityB.moralityC.majestyD.majority21.Exerciseseemstobenefitthebrainpowerofhealthyandsick,youngandold_____.A.alikeB.aliveC.togetherD.included22.Althoughsports_______thehousehold,Joedrewthelinewhentheyinterferedwithfamilytraditionsandroutine.A.overwhelmedB.affectedC.dominatedD.influenced23.Shoppingforanewswimsuitisoneofleast_______activities,becauseIalmostalwaysgetsalesclerkwithasicksenseofhumor.A.favorableB.popularC.favoriteD.beneficial24.Itisduringsummerbreaksthatwefirsttastethesatisfactionofworkthat_______intohardcurrency.A.transfersB.translatesC.transmitsD.transplants25.Skilledtechniciansandadvancedtechnologiesenableustobuilduncompromisedqualityintoallourcars,becauseourfirst______isbringingyoupleasureforyearstocome.A.prestigeBbenefitCprivilegeCpriority26.Withkeen______,convincingfactsandaglobalangle,Epsteinvividlyrecordedabrilliantpageofthegreatrevolution.A.inspectionB.intellectualC.intentionD.insight27.Telecommunicationdevelopmentsenablethesendingofmessages_____television,radioandveryshortly,electronicmailtobombardpeoplewithmanymessages.A.viaB.amidC.pastD.across28.Theso-calledintelligentbehaviordemandsmemory,rememberingbeingaprimary______forreasoning.A.resourceB.requirementC.resolutionD.response29.Women’scentralroleinmanagingnaturalresourcesandprotectingtheenvironmenthasbeenoverlookedmoreoftenithasbeen______.A.acknowledgedB.emphasizedC.memorizedD.associated3