考研英語(yǔ)核心詞匯速成勝經(jīng)Unit5

一、

真題文章

UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.Theyadmittedthatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingfortheaverageman.Buttheyinsistedthatitsimmediateresultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthebulkoftheEnglishpopulation.Bycontrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstillacompletelyagriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.

Thisview,however,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialistsinhistoryandeconomics,haveshowntwothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750wasmarkedbygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.二、

譯文

直到不久以前，絕大部分歷史學(xué)家對(duì)工業(yè)革命仍持批評(píng)的態(tài)度。他們承認(rèn)，從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看工業(yè)化大大地提高了普通人的生活水平。但是，他們堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為在1750至1850年間，工業(yè)革命所造成的直接后果是給大多數(shù)英國(guó)民眾帶來(lái)了普遍的貧窮和困苦。相比之下，他們認(rèn)為在那之前的一百年，即1650至1750年，那時(shí)英國(guó)依舊還是個(gè)完全的農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)，但那是一個(gè)富裕繁榮的歷史時(shí)期。然而，人們普遍認(rèn)為這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。歷史學(xué)和經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)方面的專家已經(jīng)證明了兩件事：從1650年到1750年期間以極度貧困為特征，而工業(yè)化顯然沒(méi)有使這種狀況惡化；事實(shí)上卻可能改善了絕大多數(shù)平民百姓的生活條件。三、

考研核心詞匯

industrialization/in7dQstriElai5zeiFn/n.工業(yè)化,產(chǎn)業(yè)化[例]bringaboutindustrialization實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化[派生]industrialize/in5dQstriElaiz/vt.使工業(yè)化vi.工業(yè)化average/5AvEridV/n.平均,平均水平,平均數(shù),海損adj.一般的,通常的,平均的vt.平均為,均分,使平衡,達(dá)到平均水平vi.買進(jìn),賣出[例]WhatistheaveragerainfallforAugustinyourcountry?你們國(guó)家八月份的平均降雨量是多少?[同義]fair,medium,middle,ordinary,passable,usual[反義]maximum/5mAksimEm/n.最大量,最大限度,極大adj.最高的,最多的,最大極限的,minimum/5minimEm/adj.最小的,最低的n.最小值,最小化[派生]averagely/5AvEridVli/adv.平均地,一般地[固定搭配]lawofaverages平均律；on(an)average通常；按平均；widespread/5waIdspred,-5spred/adj.分布廣泛的,普遍的[例]awidespreaddisease一種流行病[派生]widespreader/5waid5spredE/撒布裝置misery/5mizEri/n.痛苦,苦惱,悲慘,不幸,窮困[例]Miserylovescompany.同病相憐。[同義]distress[反義]happiness/5hApinis/n.幸福,快樂(lè)[派生]miserable/5mizErEbl/adj.痛苦的,悲慘的,可憐preceding/pri(:)5si:diN/adj.在前的,前述的[例]theprecedingnight前一晚[同義]previous,prior,former[派生]precede/pri(:)5si:d/v.領(lǐng)先(于),在...之前,先于abundance/E5bQndEns/n.豐富,充裕,豐富充裕[例]Thetreeyieldsanabundanceoffruit.這樹(shù)結(jié)果甚多。[同義]plenty,profusion[反義]lack/lAk/n.缺乏,短缺的東西vt.缺乏,沒(méi)有,需要vi.缺乏,沒(méi)有[派生]abundant/E5bQndEnt/adj.豐富的,充裕的,豐富,盛產(chǎn),富于specialist/5speFElIst/n.專門醫(yī)師,專家[例]aspecialistinoncology一個(gè)腫瘤科醫(yī)生[同義]expert[派生]special/5speFEl/n.特派員,專車,?？痑dj.特別的,特殊的,專門的,populace/5pCpjulEs/n.平民[例]majorityofthepopulace絕大多數(shù)平民百姓四、

強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1.The_______ageatfirstmarriageintheUSAhasbeeninchingupward;it'snow26forwomenand27formen.

A.firstB.averageC.fundamentalD.essence2.KungFufeaturesabundantvarietiesanddelicateskillsandhasbecome__________physicalexercises.A.valuableB.pricelessC.widespreadD.worthless3.OftheJanuarysun;andnottothinkofany_________inthesoundofthewind,inthesoundofafewleaves.A.prickB.prestigeC.pressureD.misery4.RicemayreignsupremeinVietnamesecuisine(烹飪),butfishandseafoodarenotfarbehindinsignificanceor__________.A.abundanceB.pretextC.prideD.pack5._________economicconsiderationsarewhattheChinesePresidentte