2025年初中學(xué)業(yè)水平模擬考試（一）物理試題答案第Ⅰ卷選擇題（共40分)1-8題：共24分．每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有一個(gè)是正確的，選對(duì)的每小題得3分．9-12題：共16分．每小題給出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，至少有兩個(gè)是正確的，選對(duì)的每小題得4分，選對(duì)但不全的得2分，選錯(cuò)或不選的得0分.題號(hào)123456789101112答案BACDDCCDADBDADAB第Ⅱ卷非選擇題（共60分）作圖題（6分）（3分）①找到M的對(duì)稱點(diǎn)，據(jù)此繪制出水面處的反射光線、入射光線（1分）（注：若學(xué)生將A點(diǎn)做對(duì)稱也可）②N點(diǎn)位于M對(duì)稱點(diǎn)的豎直下方（1分）③輔助線、光線的繪制符合規(guī)范（1分）14.（3分）①S（1分）②F磁正確（1分）③力臂正確（1分）四、實(shí)驗(yàn)探究題（本大題共3個(gè)小題，共25分）15.(第1小題第2、3空每空1分，其余每空2分，共6分)（1）30.0倒立縮??；（2）BC16.(每空2分，共8分)（1）便于測(cè)量摩擦力的大?。ㄒ馑枷嘟纯桑?）同一地板磚，同一運(yùn)動(dòng)鞋（3）A（4）不必勻速拉動(dòng)物體（意思相近即可）17.（除第3小問(wèn)第一個(gè)空1分，第四小問(wèn)共2分外，其余每空2分，共11分）（1）（2）小燈泡短路（3）2.55（4）S、S2S1（5）（I-0.5A）·R0/0.5A18.（共9分）解：（1）樁錘重力G=m樁錘·g=100kg×10N/kg=1000N·····································································1分提升裝置對(duì)樁錘做的功W有=G·h=1000N×2.4m×50=1.2×105J············································2分（2）消耗的汽油所產(chǎn)生的熱量Q=m汽油·q=0.015kg×4.0×107J/kg=6×105J·····································2分（3）內(nèi)燃機(jī)產(chǎn)生的機(jī)械功W總=Q·η內(nèi)燃機(jī)=6×105J×25%=1.5×105J·················································1分提升裝置的機(jī)械效率η機(jī)械=W有/W總=1.2×105J/1.5×105J=80%·················································2分整體代數(shù)規(guī)范···················································································································1分19.（共10分）解：（1）其中一臺(tái)掛燙機(jī)中水吸收的熱量Q吸=cm△t=4.2×103J/（kg·℃）×0.2kg×80℃=6.72×104J·············2分（2）不計(jì)熱損失，電流做的功W=Q吸···············································································1分因此其中一臺(tái)掛燙機(jī)的電功率P1=W/t=6.72×104J/60s=1120W··············································2分（3）R1=R2=U2/P1=（220V）2/1120W=605/14Ω······································································1分R總=R1+R2=605/7Ω··································································································1分此時(shí)的電功率P2=U2/R總=（220V）2/605/7Ω=560W···························································2分整體代數(shù)規(guī)范···················································································································1分20.（共10分）解：（1）浮體完全浸入水中時(shí)，杠桿對(duì)浮體施加的壓力F2=F1·OB/OA=360N/5=72N················2分（2）當(dāng)F1=360N時(shí)，R1=80Ω，此時(shí)I1=0.1A，此時(shí)R總1=U/I1=12V/0.1A=120Ω···················1分此時(shí)R0=120Ω-80Ω=40Ω··························································································2分（3）當(dāng)I=0.03A時(shí)，R總2=U/I2=12V/0.03A=400Ω，R2=400Ω-40Ω=360Ω···································1分此時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)壓力F3=120N，則有對(duì)A的壓力F4=F3·OB/OA=120N/5=24N·································1分則有：24N+G=3/5F浮①72N+G=F?、凇ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ?分 解得：F浮=120N，G=48N浮體質(zhì)量m=G/g=48N/10N/kg=4.8kg浮體體積V物=V排=F浮/ρ水g=120N/（1.0×103kg/m