新人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)PAGEPAGE1Unit5LanguagesAroundtheWorldDiscoveringUsefulStructuresRestrictiverelativeclauses(2)教材分析Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammar:Themethodofjudgingrelativeadverbsofattributiveclauses.Thisperiodcarriesconsiderablesignificancetothecultivationofstudents’writingcompetenceandlaysasolidfoundationforthebasicappreciationoflanguagebeauty.Theteacherisexpectedtoenablestudentstomasterthisperiodthoroughlyandconsolidatetheknowledgebydoingsomeexerciseofgoodquality.教學(xué)目標(biāo)與核心素養(yǎng)1.Getstudentstohaveagoodunderstandingofthebasicusagesofrelativeadverbsofattributiveclauses.2.Enablestudentstousethebasicphrasesstructuresflexibly.3.Developstudents’speakingandcooperatingabilities.4.Strengthenstudents’greatinterestingrammarlearning.教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)1.Howtoenablestudentstohaveagoodunderstandingofthebasicusagesofrelativeadverbsofattributiveclauses.2.Howtoenablestudentstojudgeandusetherelativeadverbsofattributiveclausesflexibly.教學(xué)過(guò)程Step1:語(yǔ)法自主探究關(guān)系副詞的用法一、判斷定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系副詞的方法如果先行詞是指代“時(shí)間的名詞”，還原到定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞when；如果先行詞是指代“地點(diǎn)的名詞”，還原到定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞where；如果先行詞是指代“原因的名詞（reason）”，還原到定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞why。二、關(guān)系副詞的基本用法指代關(guān)系副詞在從句中的作用例句時(shí)間名詞when（=at/in/on+which）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenwemovedintoournewhouse.（先行詞theday還原到從句中為:wemovedintoournewhouseontheday,作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用when或onwhich）我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們搬入新房子的那一天。地點(diǎn)名詞where（=at/in/on+which）地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)Thisisthevillagewheremyfatherwasborn.（先行詞thevillage還原到從句中為:myfatherwasborninthevillage,作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，用where或inwhich）這就是我父親出生的村莊。原因名詞why（=forwhich）原因狀語(yǔ)Thisisthereasonwhyhemissedtheearlybus.（先行詞thereason還原到從句中為:hemissedtheearlybusforthereason,作原因狀語(yǔ)，用why或forwhich）這是他錯(cuò)過(guò)早班車的原因。三、關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的正確使用關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系代詞的選擇要看先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分：如果作狀語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系副詞；如果作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，則用關(guān)系代詞，而不能只看先行詞是什么。I’llneverforgettheday(that/which)Ispentwithyouonthefarm.(先行詞theday還原到從句中為:Ispentthedaywithyouonthefarm,作spent的賓語(yǔ)，用that/which)我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)一起度過(guò)的那一天。I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedwithyouonthefarm.(先行詞theday還原到從句中為:Iworkedwithyouonthefarmontheday,作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用when或onwhich)我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)一起工作的那一天。Heworksinthefactory(that/which)Ivisitedlastyear.(先行詞thefactory還原到從句中為:Ivisitedthefactorylastyear,作visited的賓語(yǔ)，用that/which)他在我去年參觀的那個(gè)工廠工作。Heworksinthefactorywherethesebikesaremade.(先行詞thefactory還原到從句中為:thesebikesaremadeinthefactory,作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),用where或inwhich)他在制造這些自行車的那個(gè)工廠工作。Thisisthereason(that/which)heexplainedtous.(先行詞thereason還原到從句中為:heexplainedthereasontous,作explained的賓語(yǔ)，用that/which)這就是他對(duì)我們解釋的理由。Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.(先行詞thereason還原到從句中為:hewassoangryforthereason,作原因狀語(yǔ)，用why或forwhich)我不知道他如此生氣的原因。四、關(guān)系副詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：1.where指代抽象地點(diǎn)，意為“在……中（下）”where既可以指代具體的地點(diǎn)名詞，也可指代抽象地點(diǎn)名詞，常見的抽象地點(diǎn)名詞：case,point,situation,condition,scene,stage,position,activity,platform,race,environment,atmosphere,family,job等。IhavereachedapointinmylifewhereIshouldmakedecisionsofmyown.我已經(jīng)到了一個(gè)在我人生中自己做決定的地步了。Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironmentwheretheylive.目前人們更加關(guān)心他們所居住的環(huán)境。Lifeislikealongracewherewecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.人生像一場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)跑比賽,我們?cè)诒荣愔泻退烁?jìng)爭(zhēng)以超越自己。2.when指代抽象時(shí)間，意思為“在……的時(shí)間里”when既可以指代具體的時(shí)間名詞，也可指代抽象時(shí)間名詞，常見的有occasion（時(shí)機(jī)）,time,age,period等。OccasionsarequiterarewhenIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.我有時(shí)間和孩子們呆一天的機(jī)會(huì)很少。Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputers.我們生活在一個(gè)許多事情靠計(jì)算機(jī)來(lái)做的時(shí)代。3.why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能用why引導(dǎo),要用forwhich。Ihavetoldhimthereason,forwhichImissedtheearlybus.我沒(méi)趕上早班車,我已經(jīng)告訴了他原因。Themainreason,forwhichhelosthisjob,wasthathedranktoomuch.他失去工作的主要原因是酗酒。4.way作先行詞①先行詞way在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用that或inwhich，也可省略。（注意不用how,how不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。）②充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用that或which，做主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略，做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。Thisistheway(that/inwhich)hesolvedtheproblem.(先行詞theway還原到定語(yǔ)從句中為：hesolvedtheproblemintheway，作方式狀語(yǔ)，引導(dǎo)詞用that或inwhich，也可省略。)這就是他解決問(wèn)題的方法。Thisistheway(that/which)heusedtosolvetheproblem.(theway作used的賓語(yǔ)，that/which可省略)這就是他所使用的解決問(wèn)題的方法。Thisisthewaythat/whichwasusedtosolvetheproblem.(theway作wasused的主語(yǔ)，that/which不可省略)這就是被使用的解決問(wèn)題的方法。五、使用定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)注意的幾個(gè)方面：（一）分割式定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句和它所修飾的先行詞中間插入謂語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或另外的定語(yǔ)等成分，使定語(yǔ)從句與所修飾的名詞分割開來(lái)，或者插入語(yǔ)把引導(dǎo)詞與定語(yǔ)從句分割。理解句子時(shí)，注意找準(zhǔn)先行詞。Anew

teacher

willcometomorrowwho

willteachusEnglish.

教我們英語(yǔ)的一位新老師明天就要到了。Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwaswhatyouneededtomakealiving.完全靠體力掙錢謀生的時(shí)代已經(jīng)過(guò)去了。Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend,whereweenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.我和朋友爬到了山頂，在那里我們欣賞了美麗的湖光景色。Thescientisthasmadeanotherdiscovery,

which,ofcourse,

isofgreat

importance.科學(xué)家另有發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)然，這個(gè)發(fā)現(xiàn)很重要。（二）易混從句對(duì)比1.Isthisfactorytheone(that)youvisitedyesterday?(theone作表語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾theone)Isthisthefactory(that/which)youvisitedyesterday?(that/which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并作賓語(yǔ)，可省略)2.Theoldmanhasthreesons,oneofwhomisateacher.(定語(yǔ)從句，用引導(dǎo)詞whom)Theoldmanhasthreesons,andoneofthemisateacher.(并列句，用代詞them)3.Thenews(that/which)hetoldusistrue.(定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞用that和which都可)Thenewsthatourteamwonthegameistrue.(同位語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞只用that，不用which)4.Thedoctordidall(that)hecouldtosavetheboy.(有先行詞all，that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句)Thedoctordidwhathecouldtosavetheboy.(沒(méi)有先行詞，what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)5.Asisknowntotheworld,MarkTwainwasafamouswriter.(as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句)ItisknowntotheworldthatMarkTwainwasafamouswriter.(it是形式主語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的主語(yǔ))WhatisknowntotheworldisthatMarkTwainwasafamouswriter.(what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句)6.Youshouldleavethingsattheplace

whereyoucanfindthemagaineasily.(有先行詞，where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,也可用atwhich)Youshouldleavethingswhereyouc