主題群二做人與做事

話題7優(yōu)秀品行及公民義務

Ⅰ.閱讀理解

(2024·浙江省Z20名校聯(lián)盟第三次聯(lián)考)

InspiredbyhismentorLouisSullivan，aninfluentialfigureintheworldof

modernistarchitecture，F(xiàn)rankLloydWrightcoinedtheterm“organicarchitecture”

around1908.

Ratherthanimitatingnatureororganicelementswithinthenaturalworld，organic

architectureismoreconcernedwithre－interpretationofnatureandharmonybetween

theorganicandthebuiltenvironment.Itensuresthattheindividualelementswithin

buildingsareputtogethertoreflecttheorderwithinnature.Hereare4ofthemost

strikingexamples.

CasaMilà

Location：Barcelona，Spain

Yearofcompletion：1910

Architect：AntoniGaudi

ConsideredthegreatestexponentofCatalanModernism，AntoniGaudiwas

devotedtonatureandtheCatholicreligion.Whileheoriginallyintendedthisorganic

buildingtohaveareligiouspurpose，itisnowanapartmentbuilding.Truetothe

organicstyle，itfeaturestheshapeofhoneycombthatseeminglyemergesfromthe

earth.

LearningHubatNanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU)

Location：Singapore

Yearofcompletion：2015

Architect：ThomasHeatherwick

Earningthenicknames“dimsumbasketbuilding”and“theHive”，theLearning

Hubconsistsof12eight－storeytowersarrangedaroundapublicatrium.Theorganic

natureofthebuildingextendstoitsinteriorwithfeatureslikegardensthatareintended

toencouragesocialinteractionsandstudyamongstudents.

FallingWater

Location：MillRun，Pennsylvania

Yearofcompletion：1939

Architect：FrankLloydWright

Aclassicofmodernismandorganicarchitecture，F(xiàn)allingWatersitsontopofa

waterfall.FrankLloydWrightdesigneditfortheKaufmannfamilywho—thoughthey

hadoriginallyhopedforaviewofthewaterfall—cametolovethehome.

EastBeachCafé

Location：Littlehampton，UK

Yearofcompletion：2007

Architect：ThomasHeatherwick

Locatedinaseasideareawithanindustrialhistory，EastBeachCaféresembles

(像)apieceofdriftwood.Fortymeterslong，sevenmeterswideandfivemetershigh，

itinitiallypolarisedlocals，buthassincebeenwell－receivedbythewhole

community.ItwasthefirstbuildingforThomasHeatherwickwhopreviouslywas

betterknownasasculptor.

【語篇解讀】本文是應用文。文章主要介紹了四座著名的有機建筑的情況。

1.Whichbuildinghasthelongesthistory?

A.CasaMilà.B.LearningHubatNTU.

C.FallingWater.D.EastBeachCafé.

答案A[細節(jié)理解題。根據文章內容可知，CasaMilà完成于1910年；Learning

HubatNanyangTechnologicalUniversity(NTU)完成于2015年；FallingWater完

成于1939年；EastBeachCafé完成于2007年。故CasaMilà的歷史最悠久。]

2.WhatcanwelearnaboutEastBeachCafé？

A.Itremainsfloatingonthesea.

B.Itservestoencouragesocialinteractions.

C.Itwasnotacceptedbyallthelocalsinitially.

D.Itwasoriginallyintendedforaparticularfamily.

答案C[細節(jié)理解題。根據EastBeachCafé部分中“Fortymeterslong，seven

meterswide...bythewholecommunity.”可知，它最初讓當?shù)厝藘蓸O分化，但后來

受到了整個社區(qū)的歡迎，故可知起初并不是所有的當?shù)厝硕冀邮蹺astBeach

Café。]

3.Whichofthefollowingmagazinesisthetextprobablytakenfrom?

A.NaturalWorld.B.ArchitecturalDigest.

C.OrganicGardening.D.ExtraordinaryFigures.

答案B[文章出處題。根據第二段內容并結合全文內容可知，文章主要講述了

有機建筑，關注有機環(huán)境與建筑環(huán)境中人與自然的和諧，并列舉了四座著名的建

筑來說明，可推知“建筑文摘”可能是本文的來源。]

(2024·湖南常德市一中模擬預測)

“Isawitfirst，”Amysaid，assherippedtheoldleatherwalletoutofCharlie’s

hands.Withoutsayingaword，asiftheybothunderstoodthatthiswasasecretthey

didn’twanttosharewithanyone，theyslippedintothealley，wherenoonecouldsee

themlookinside.

“There’sgottobeamilliondollarshere！”Charlieblurtedout，whentheysaw

thepileofhundred－dollarbills.Amy，themorerealisticofthetwo，didaquick

estimate，thumbingthroughthewadofcash.“Morelikethousands，”shesaid，her

voiceshakingindisbelief.

They’dfoundthewalletinaflowerbedbythesidewalk，whenCharliedroppedhis

cellphonewhilehewastryingtotalkandeatasliceofpepperonipizzaatthesame

time.AmystuffedthewalletintoherbackpackandpulledCharliealongbyhiselbow

towardherhouse.AstheyrushedtowardViceroyAvenue，theytalkedexcitedlyabout

whattheycoulddowiththemoney—buygiftsforparentsandfriends，getnewclothes，

traveltotherainforestinCostaRica，andadoptawhale.Itlookedlikealloftheir

dreamswouldcometrue.Forthelastblock，however，theydidn’ttalk.Eachbeganto

suspectthattheotheronewassilentlyaddingtothelistofthingstheycouldbuy.

TheyfinallyreachedAmy’shouse，butinsteadofgoinginside，theywalked

aroundthehousetothebackporch.Theyopenedthewalletandcountedthemoneyinto

pilesoften.Thetotalwas$2，400—moremoneythaneitherofthemhadever

seen.Thentheybothstartedtalkingatonce，“Iwonderwholostit.”Theirmoods

shifted，sinkingfromthehighofbeingrichforfifteenminutestoresigningthemselves

towhattheymustdonext.Forinthewallet’sclearplasticcompartment，therewasa

driver’slicense.Theyknewwhattheyhadtodo.Althoughtheywouldlosetheirnewly

－foundtreasure，inaway，theyfeltrelieved.

【語篇解讀】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Amy和Charlie在花壇里發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個

有幾千美元的錢包，兩人把錢包拿走，暢想利用這筆錢做什么，后來兩人還是決

定把錢包還給失主，讓自己放下心理負擔。

4.WheredidAmyandCharliefindthewallet?

A.Inanalley.B.Inabackpack.

C.Amongsomeflowers.D.Onthesidewalk.

答案C[細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“They’dfoundthewalletinaflowerbedby

thesidewalk”可知，Amy和Charlie在一些花中間發(fā)現(xiàn)了這個錢包。]

5.InParagraph2，whywasAmy’svoiceshaking?

A.Shewasafraidthattheywouldbeseenbyothers.

B.Shewasdisappointedtherewasn’tamilliondollars.

C.ShewasfearfulthatCharliewouldtellsomeoneelse.

D.Shefeltnervousbecauseshe’dneverseensomuchmoney.

答案D[推理判斷題。根據第二段中“‘Morelikethousands，’shesaid，her

voiceshakingindisbelief.”可知，Amy不敢相信錢包里有這么多錢。由此推知，

從未見過這么多錢的她會感到緊張，聲音顫抖。]

6.OntheirwaytoAmy’shouse，thechildren’smoodschangedfrom.

A.excitedtosuspiciousB.happytoangry

C.relievedtoworriedD.nervoustodisappointed

答案A[細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中“AstheyrushedtowardViceroyAvenue，

theytalkedexcitedlyabout...andadoptawhale.”和“Forthelastblock，however，

theydidn’ttalk...thelistofthingstheycouldbuy.”可知，在回Amy家的路上，兩人

先是非常興奮，開心地想象利用這筆錢可以做什么，后來變得沉默，猜疑對方偷

偷地想買更多的東西，因此兩個孩子的情緒是由興奮變成懷疑。]

7.Whatdidthechildrendecidetodoattheendofthestory?

A.Tokeepthemoneyasecretfromothers.

B.Toreturnthewallettoitsrightfulowner.

C.Toputthewalletbackwheretheyfoundit.

D.Tobuymanydifferentthingswiththemoney.

答案B[推理判斷題。根據最后一段中“Forinthewallet’sclearplastic

compartment...losetheirnewly－foundtreasure，inaway，theyfeltrelieved.”可推

知，Amy和Charlie打算放棄這筆財富，根據錢包里駕駛執(zhí)照的信息將錢包返還

給失主，讓自己放下心理負擔。]

(2024·廣東汕頭金山中學三模)

Scrubbingyourhandswithsoapandwaterwashesawaygerms(細菌).Butthehot

－airhanddryersfoundinmanypublicrestroomsseemtospraymicrobes(微生

物)rightbackontocleanskin.That’swhat16－year－oldZitaNguyenfoundbytesting

people’sfreshlywashedanddriedhands.

SheshowcasedherfindingsthisweekattheRegeneronInternationalScienceand

EngineeringFair(ISEF).HeldinDallas，Texas，thiscompetitionisaprogramofthe

SocietyforScience.

Toiletsinpublicrestroomsseldomhavelids.Soflushingthemspraysthegerms

frombodywasteintotheair.Thatsameairisdrawnintothoseelectrichand

dryers.Thesemachinesprovideanicewarmhomeinwhichmicrobescangrow，Zita

says.Cleaningtheinsideofthesemachinescanbedifficult，sheadds.

Theteenhadfourpeoplewashanddrytheirhandsinrestroomsatamallanda

gasstation.Theparticipantsscrubbedwithsoapandwater.Aftereachwashing，they

driedtheirhandsusingoneofthreedifferentmethods.Insometrials，theysimplyused

papertowels.Intheothers，theyusedanelectrichanddryer.Sometimes，theyheldtheir

handsclosetothemachine，about13centimetersbelowit.Othertimes，theyheldtheir

handsabout30centimetersbelowthedryer.Eachhand－dryingconditionwas

performed20times.

Rightafterthisdrying，Zitaswabbed(用拭子擦)theirhandsforgerms.Thenshe

rubbedtheswabsontopetridishesfilledwithnutrientsthatwouldfuelamicrobe’s

growth.Shehousedthesedishesinanincubator(細菌培養(yǎng)器)forthreedays.

Fewerthan50coloniesofmicrobes，onaverage，turnedupineachdishexposed

toswabsfromhandsdriedwithpapertowelsorfromhandsheldfartherfromthe

electricdryers.Incontrast，morethan130colonies，onaverage，grewinpetridishes

fromhandsheldclosetothehot－airdryers.

Atfirst，Zitawasamazedbyallthemicrobesinthesedishes.Quickly，however，

sherealizedtheyrepresentedwhatcoveredpeople’shandsafterusingahot－air

dryer.“Thisisdisgusting，”shenowsays.“I’mnevergoingtousethesemachines

again！”

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要講述了16歲的ZitaNguyen通過測試

發(fā)現(xiàn)，公共廁所的熱風烘干機會把微生物直接噴回在剛洗干凈的手上。

8.Whatisthemainfunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A.Toprovidebackgroundinformation.

B.TosummarizeZita’sfindings.

C.Tocallforaction.

D.Toexplainarule.

答案B[寫作意圖題。根據第一段中“Butthehot－airhanddryers...what16－

year－oldZitaNguyenfoundbytestingpeople’sfreshlywashedanddriedhands.”和

第二段中“SheshowcasedherfindingsthisweekattheRegeneronInternational

ScienceandEngineeringFair(ISEF).”可推知，第一段主要是為了總結Zita的發(fā)

現(xiàn)。]

9.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTplayaroleinthephenomenonZitadiscovered?

A.Publictoiletsoftenlacklids.

B.Handdryersarewarm.

C.Peopleoftenforgettowashtheirhands.

D.Theinsideofhanddryersishardtoclean.

答案C[細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段“Toiletsinpublicrestroomsseldomhave

lids...Cleaningtheinsideofthesemachinescanbedifficult，sheadds.”可知，公共廁

所很少有蓋子，烘干機是溫暖的，清洗烘干機內部很困難，導致用烘干機烘干手

時會將細菌帶到手上，C項“人們經常忘記洗手”不是其中一個原因。]

10.WhatdidZitadoaspartoftheexperiment?

A.Sheanalysedexistingdata.

B.Shetestedhundredsofpeople.

C.Shevisitedmanylocations.

D.Shecompareddifferentmethods.

答案D[細節(jié)理解題。根據倒數(shù)第三段“Rightafterthisdrying，Zitaswabbed(用

拭子擦)theirhandsforgerms...inanincubator(細菌培養(yǎng)器)forthreedays.”和第四

段提到“Aftereachwashing，theydriedtheirhandsusingoneofthreedifferent

methods.”提到參與者用不同的方法烘干手可知，在實驗中，Zita比較了不同的方

法。]

11.WhatisZita’sattitudetoelectricdryersnow?

A.Negative.B.Uncertain.

C.Supportive.D.Interested.

答案A[觀點態(tài)度題。根據最后一段中“‘Thisisdisgusting，’shenow

says.‘I’mnevergoingtousethesemachinesagain！’”可推知，現(xiàn)在Zita對烘干

機的態(tài)度是消極的。]

Ⅱ.七選五

(2024·河北統(tǒng)考)

HowtoManageConflict

·Useneutral(中立的)language.

Neutrallanguagekeepsthediscussionobjectiveand

nonjudgmental.Inflammatory(煽動性的)languageonlymakestheconflictworse.1

Rephrasenegativestatementsintoneutralcommentsandasksincerequestionstoget

yourcoworker’ssideofthestoryanduseacalm，eventoneofvoice.

·Reflectonthesituation.

Showallpartiesthatyouhearandunderstandtheirconcerns.Often，conflict

comesfromonepartyfeelingasthoughthey’renotbeingheardorunderstood.Take

timethroughoutyourconversationtorestatewhattheotherpersonsays.2

·Worktogethertocompromise(妥協(xié))andfindasolution.

3Resolvetheconflictbyworkingtogetherandbrainstormingsolutionsto

theconflictthataddresseseveryone’sconcerns.Writedownyourideasandseeif

there’sonesolutionthatbothofyoufindfairandreasonable.Agoodresolutionusually

involvescompromise—meetinghalfwaysothatyoubothleavesatisfied.

·Makearesolutionplan.

Aplandefineseachparty’sresponsibilitiesandpreventsmoreconflict.After

findingasolutioneveryonecanagreeon，sitdowntogetherandfigureoutwhatyou’ll

alldotoresolvetheconflict.4Whatotherpracticesmighthelpavoidfuture

conflictandmaintainpositivecommunication?Ensureeveryoneinvolvedcooperates

onthewin－winsolution.

·Pickyourbattles.

Notallconflictsareworthholdingontoatthecostofyourenergy.S