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Prominentpeople
ofAustralianHistory
Aselectionofpeople,andiconiclegends,ofAustralianhistory.
Manythousandscouldbelistedhere,however,hereareaselectedfew:
TheBarcaldinestrikeleaders
The1891Shearers'Strike,centredaroundBarcaldineinQueensland,duringthedepressionofthe1890s,wasinresponsetothepastoralists'reactiontofallingwoolpricesofintendingtoreducetheshearers'wages.Duringtheunrest,thecolonialadministrationorderedthearrestoftheshearers'leadersonchargesofseditionandconspiracy.Theeventualfailureofthestrikebrokeworkermilitancy戰(zhàn)斗性andledtotheformationofalabourpoliticalmovementtorepresenttheinterestsofworkingpeople.
ArthurCalwell
Born28August1896,WestMelbourne,Victoria
Died8July1973
ArthurCalwellwasAustralia'sfirstMinisterforImmigration(1945to1949),andlaterbecametheleaderoftheAustralianLaborParty(1960to1967).HewasthechiefarchitectofAustralia'spost-warimmigrationscheme,andpopularisedtheslogan"populateorperish".Alsowell-knownforhismuch-misquotedcomment"TwoWongsdon'tmakeaWhite".Hisimmigrationprogramco-incidedwithaperiodwhenAustralianindustrywasgrowingrapidlyandsufferingfromshortagesofskilledandsemi-skilledlabour.AlthoughhewasanadvocatefortheWhiteAustraliaPolicy,itisinterestingtonotethatCalwellspokeChineseandhadagreatrespectforAsiancultures.
See:
ArthurCalwell
/a/arthur-calwell.html
See:
ArthurCalwell
/a/ar/arthur_calwell.html
CarolineChisholm
Born1808,England
Died1877
CarolineChisholmarrivedinAustraliain1838andsetupahomeforotherwomenwhohadcometolivehere.SheworkedtoimprovelifeontheshipsbringingpeopletoAustraliatostartanewlifeandstartedaloansplantobringpoorchildrenandfamiliestoAustralia.ShearrangedfreetripssothatthefamiliesofconvictswhoweretransportedtoAustraliacouldcometojointhem.
C.J.Dennis
Born7September1876,Auburn,SouthAustralia
Died22June1938,Melbourne
C.J.Dennis,poetandjournalist,waspopularinAustraliaforhisdown-to-earthworks,writteninthevernacularofthetimes.In1913Dennispublishedavolumetitled
Backblockballadsandotherverses,butitwasnotafinancialsuccess.Immediatesuccesswasachievedwith
TheSongsofasentimentalbloke,alovestorywritteninslang,whichwaspublishedinOctober1915;threeeditionswererequiredin1915,ninein1916,andby1976fifty-seveneditionshadbeenpublishedinAustralia,England,Canada,andtheUSA.
See:PerryMiddlemiss'sitere.
C.J.Dennis
/lit/authors/denniscj
MaryGilmore
Born1864(MaryCameron),CottaWalla(nearGoulburn),NewSouthWales
Died1962
MaryGilmorewasateacherandwriter.Shewastheeditorofthewomen’spagesoftheAustralian
Workernewspaperfor23years.ShejoinedWilliamLane's"NewAustralia"utopianexperimentsettlementinParaguay,andmarriedWilliamGilmoretherein1897(theybothreturnedtoAustraliain1902).Awell-knownAustralianpoet,hermostpopularpieceis"NoFoeShallGatherOurHarvest".
NedKelly
Birthdateunknown,commonlybelievedtobebetweenNovember1854andJanuary1855,atBeveridge(25milesnorthofMelbourne),Victoria
Diedonthe11thNovember1880,hungatMelbourneGaol,Victoria
NedKellyisAustralia'smostfamousbushranger.Saidtohavebeenforcedintobushrangingbythepolice,whowerelookingtoshoothim,heandhisgangrobbedbanksratherthanrobbingcommonfolk.TheKellyganghadmanyactivesupportersandawidefollowing,andhemadeplansfortheestablishingaRepublicofNorthEastern.NedwascapturedatGlenrowan,andwastriedatMelbourne,wherehewassentencedtodeathbyhanging.
See:
NedKelly:AustralianIronOutlaw
incl.
ahistoryoftheKellyGang
/html/history_01.html
ThemenofKokoda-thesavioursofAustralia
1942
TheNewGuineacampaign,whichincludedMilneBayandwastypifiedbytheKododaTrack,isseenasadefiningmomentinAustralia'shistory.ThiswaswherethepreceivedinvincibilityoftheJapaneseArmywasfirstseentobebroken.ThecourageandheroismofourtroopsontheKokodaTrackisoneoftheproudestandandmostmemorableepisodesinAustralia'swartimehistory.
See:
TheKokodaTrackMemorialWalkway
.au
incl.animpressive
map[§ionaldiagram]ofKokodaTrack
.au/stations/map.html
See:
BattleForAustralia
.au/kokoda1.html
TheLambingFlatRebellion
1861
TheLambingFlatRebellionwasaseriesofviolentanti-ChinesedemonstrationsthattookplacearoundtheLambingFlat(nowYoung)areaofNewSouthWales.TheMiners'ProtectiveLeaguedemandedparliamentaryrepresentation,protectionofindustry,andtheexpulsionoftheChinese.IthasbeensaidthatitwasthisrebellionthatwasthestartingpointfortheeventualWhiteAustraliaPolicyatFederation.
JackLang
Born21December1876,Sydney,NSW
Died27September1975,Auburn,NSW
JohnThomasLang(familiarlyknownas"Jack",andnicknamed"TheBigFella")wasTreasurerintheNSWLaborgovernmentof1920-21,andPremierandTreasureroftheStatetwice(1925-27and1930-32).Hisfirsttermbroughtmanysignificantinnovations,includingchildendowment,widows'pensions,increasedworkers'compensationrates,reversiontothe44-hourweek,abolitionofsecondaryschoolfees,andvotesforallinlocalgovernmentelections.Lang'ssecondterm,whichcoincidedwiththeworstyearsoftheGreatDepression,endedwiththedismissalofhisgovernmentbytheStateGovernor(SirPhilipGame).Lang'sdismissalarosefromhisrefusaltopayinterestongovernmentloansborrowedfromfinanciersintheUnitedKingdomattheheightoftheGreatDepression.
JohnDunmoreLang
Born1799
Died1878
TheRev.JohnDunmoreLangwas,besidesbeingaministerofreligion,arepublicanorator,writerandpoliticalorganizer,whocampaignedforarepublicinthe1840sand1850s,puttingforwardhisplanfora"UnitedStatesofAustralia,thegreatrepublicoftheSouthernSeas".Langlobbiedfortheendoftransportation,whichhesawasanendlessconduitofiniquitypouringintotheColony.
See:
JohnDunmoreLang-Patriot,Republican,Statesman,Evangelical,&Engima
.au/~gsmunro/TEXT/essays/Lang.html
See:
JohnDunmoreLangBicentenary1999
.au/Lang/welcome.html
HenryLawson
Born17June1867,ontheGrenfellgoldfields(372kmwestofSydney),NSW
Died2September1922,Abbotsford,Sydney,NSW
HenryLawsonwasoneofAustralia'sgreatestwriters.Hisinterestintherepublicanmovementwassparkedbyhisexposuretotheradicalismoffriendsofhismother,Louisa.In1887hebecametitularpublisherofthe
Republican
(inwhichhisfirstwritingsappeared),andhisfirstpublishedverse,"SongoftheRepublic",appearedin
TheBulletin.LawsonbecameoneofAustralia'smostinfluentialwritersandshowedhisinterestintheordinarymenandwomenofAustralia,suchasinhisstory"TheDrover'sWife"aboutawomanlivingandsubsistingoffthelandonanAustralianselection.Hiswritingwasoftentakenfrommemoriesofhischildhood,especiallyatPipeclay/Eurunderee.Towardstheendof1892,hewasunemployed,andJ.F.Archibald(editorof
TheBulletin)stakedhimforhisfamousBourkejourney;whiletherehefoundemploymentpaintinghouses,andthen,duringabrutaldrought,humpedhisbluey,thereandback,toHungerford.ThisrevelationoftheharshnessoftheoutbackwaspivotalinLawson'sunderstandingofthecountry,leavingadeepmarkonLawson'spsycheandvalidatinghisbeliefinthe"horrorsofbushlife",andsuppliedtheimpetusfor"TheUnionBuriesItsDead"and"Hungerford".Lawsonwaswellknownforhisbushballads"TheTeams","TheRoaringDays",and"Andy'sGonewiththeCattle",aswellashissocialandpoliticalworks,suchas"WatchontheKerb","FacesintheStreet","FreedomontheWallaby",and"TheArmyoftheRear".In1986,LawsonmarriedBerthaBredt(stepdaughteroftheradicalSydneybooksellerW.H.McNamara,andsister-in-lawofJackLang).HetriedhishandinNewZealand(1897),theninEngland(1900),andreturnedtoSydneyin1902.Hisalcoholism,datingfrom1898,thenbecameamajorproblemleadingtoseparationfromhiswifein1903.From1907to1918Lawsonwasoftendestitute,althoughhewaslaterawardedaweeklypensionfromtheCommonwealthLiteraryFundin1920.Whenhediedin1922,LawsonwasgivenastatefuneralatSt.Andrew'sChurch.
See:
OldPoetry
/authors/Henry_Lawson
See:
ThePoetryofHenryLawson
.au/~natinfo/lawson
TedMack
TedMackistheonlyAustraliantoeverhavebeenelectedandre-electedasanindependenttolocal,state,andfederalgovernment.HewaselectedtotheNorthSydneyCityCouncilasanAldermanin1974,whereheserveduntil1988(hewasMayorofNorthSydney1980-1988);whileservingasmayor,hewaselectedtotheNewSouthWalesstateparliamentastheMemberoftheLegislativeAssemblyforNorthShore1981-1988;andwaselectedasthefederalMemberofParliamentforNorthSydneyfrom1990to1996.Heinstituteddemocraticreformsinhislocalareaandiswell-respectedasamanofdemocracy.Mackhasbeenastaunchdefenderofelectors'rightsandapassionatesupporterofpeoples'righttoagreatersayingovernment.HewasalsoelectedasanindependentRepublicandelegatetothe1998ConstitutionalConvention,whereheopposedthemodelfavouredbytheAustralianRepublicanMovement,andarguedthatAustralianvotersshouldhaveadirectsayintheprocesstodecidetheirHeadofState.
See:
TedMack-TheIndependent
/ted_mack_a.html#tmp
See:
ThetrulyhonorableMrMack
.au/www_root/pdf/ti010402.pdf
CaptainMoonlight
Born1842,NorthIreland
Died20January1880,hunginDarlinghurstGaol,Sydney,NSW
AndrewScott,betterknownasCaptainMoonlight,wasabushranger.HerobbedtheMt.Egertonbranch(Victoria)oftheLondonCharteredBank,on20December1870,hewasbroughtbeforetheSydneyQuarterSessionsforpassingbadchequesandandhewassentencedtotwelvemonthsinMaitlandGaol.OnhisreleaseinMarch1872hewaspromptlyarrestedandextraditedtoVictoriatofaceare-openingoftheMt.Egertonbankrobberycase,JudgeRedmondBarry(thesamejudgethattriedNedKelly)sentencedhimtotenyearsimprisonmentfortherobberyandgavehimanadditionaltwelvemonthsforescapingfromBallaratGaolforafewdayswhilstawaitingtrial.Hewasreleased18March1879,andwassoonafterstronglysuspectedofrobbingtheLancefieldbank,wenttoNSW,helduptheWantabadgeryStationhomestead(endingupwithover30hostages);however,whenthepolicewerealerted,Scottandhispartners-in-crimeescaped,althoughtheywerelaterrecapturedwhentheyholedupinanotherhomestead.HewastriedinSydneyon8December1879,andsentencedtodeath.
See:
AndrewGeorgeScott(alias"CaptainMoonlight")
.au/bushrangers/scott_a.htm
BreakerMorant
BornChristmas1865,Bideford,Devon,England(accordingtohim)
Died27February1902,Pretoria,SouthAfrica,shotbyafiringsquad
Harry"Breaker"Morantwasahorsebreakerofmuchrepute,aswellasbeingawriterfor
TheBulletin.Hisoriginsareshroudedinmystery,andseemstohaveappearedinAustraliafromnowhere(or,atleast,noofficialtraceofhimarriving,orofhisorigins,hasyetbeenfound).HesignedupfortheBoerWar,wasallegedtohaveshotsomeBoerprisonersunderordersfromhissuperiorofficer,CaptainHunt,andwasexecutedbytheBritishArmy.Thefilm
BreakerMorant
isworthwhilewatching.
HenryParkes
Bornin1815,England
Diedin1896
SirHenryParkeswasafamousjournalistandpolitician.Hewasanex-chartistandhemigratedtoSydneyin1839andworkedasatoymaker,alabourerandajournalist.HeestablishedtheEmpireNewspaperin1850,whichfailedfinancially.Heledpublicprotestsagainstre-introductionofconvictlabour.ElectedtoLegislativeCouncilin1854,hewasastrongdemocratanddisagreedwithWilliamWentworth'samendedConstitution-heconsideredita"squatter'sconstitution".Heorganisedlocalgovernmentbodies,andinitiatedhospitalreforms.Healsointroducedcompulsoryfreeeducation,withdrawingallstateaidtochurchschoolsin1880.HewasappointedColonialsecretary(1866)andPremierofNewSouthWalesin1872;andremainedapoliticalgiantuntilthefinalcollapseofhisgovernmentin1891whichmarkedtheendofhispoliticalcareer.HewasagreatadvocateofFederation.In1880hecalledanIntercolonialConferencetodiscussChineseimmigration,followingwhichallstates(exceptWesternAustralia)agreedtoimposerestrictions.HemadeafamousafterdinnerspeechatTenterfieldin1889whichwasapowerfulemotionalappealonbehalfofFederation.LatersimilarspeechesthroughoutN.S.W.resultedinanunsuccessfulFederalConferenceinMelbourne(1890).Parkeswasthepresidentof1891NationalConventionbutdisapprovedofthedraftconstitutions.TheAustralianNativesAssociationatCorowa(1893)adoptedhissuggestionthataconventionbeelectedtodrawupaconstitution.
BanjoPaterson
Born17February1864,nearOrange,NewSouthWales
Died5February1941,Sydney,NSW
AndrewBartonPatersonispossiblyAustralia'smostpopularpoet,withhiscompositionsincludingWaltzingMatilda,TheManfromSnowyRiver,ClancyoftheOverflow,andTheGeebungPoloClub.Heusedthepseudonymof"TheBanjo"forhismagazinewritings(analiasderivedfromthenameofaracehorsethefamilyowned),andhadadeepaffectionforhorses,beinganaturalhorseman,and,notsurprisingly,manyofhisworkshavea"horsetheme".PatersonwascaughtupincolonialAustralia'scommitmenttotheunfortunateBoerWar,becomingawarcorrespondent.Beforehisdeathin1941,hehadprovidedatimelessliterarylegacyofAustralia'suniqueculturalheritageandidentity.
See:
OldPoetry
/authors/A_B_Banjo_Paterson
W.G.Spence
Born1846,inavillageintheOrkneyIslands,Scotland
Died13December1926
WilliamGuthrieSpenceiswell-knownasatradeunionleader.HecametoAustraliawithhisfatherhopingtofindgoldontheBallaratgoldfieldsin1853.Asaminer,SpenceheldseveralminorpostsintheAmalgamatedMiners'AssociationofVictoriauntileventuallybeingelectedSecretaryin1882.In1886,SpencebecamefoundationpresidentoftheAmalgamatedShearers'UnionofAustralasiaandguidedtheunionthr
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